Basic Chemistry
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Basic Chemistry is an introductory course designed to provide students with a fundamental understanding of chemical principles and concepts. Topics covered include the structure of atoms and molecules, the periodic table, chemical bonding, states of matter, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and basic thermochemistry. The course also emphasizes the practical application of chemistry in everyday life and develops essential problem-solving and laboratory skills necessary for further studies in science and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Chemistry 5th Edition by John A. Suchocki
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2174 Verified Questions
2174 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: About Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do members of the Chemical Manufacturers Association pledge in the Responsible Care program?
A) The members pledge to manufacture utilizing responsible chemical standards.
B) The members pledge to manufacture without causing environmental damage.
C) The members pledge responsible care for all laboratory test animals.
D) The members pledge responsible care by using only USP grade reagents.
Answer: B
Q2) Can a person claim himself/herself to be a scientist if he/she no longer does experiments?
A) No. Officially defined, a scientist is a person actively engaged in experimentation.
B) No. Since experimentation is one of the four key components of the scientific process, any person no longer actively engaged in performing experiments cannot officially claim to be a scientist.
C) Yes and No. A person may claim to be a scientist but the scientific community no longer officially recognizes him/her as such.
D) Yes. A professional scientist is recognized for more activities than the performance of actual experiments.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Particles of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is something that is best described as having potential energy?
A) food
B) wind
C) running water
D) a meteorite traveling through the atmosphere
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following best describes a gas?
A) The molecules are moving quickly and are widely spaced.
B) The molecules are moving slowly and closely spaced.
C) The material has a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
D) The material has a fixed volume but has no definite shape.
E) The molecules are closely spaced but in random fashion.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Elements of Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A) water boiling and being converted into steam
B) water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen
C) iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust
D) a candy bar being digested by a student
E) charcoal being converted into ash
Answer: A
Q2) What are metalloids?
A) elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals
B) elements that are smaller than metals
C) elements found in asteroids
D) elements that are larger than nonmetals
E) elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Subatomic Particles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about Bohr's planetary model of the atom?
A) The electrons orbit around the nucleus.
B) It is a physical model.
C) The energy difference between the orbits is continuous.
D) The electrons smoothly move from one orbit to the next.
E) none of the above
Q2) Which loses its outermost electrons more easily: bromine, Br, or krypton, Kr?
A) Br
B) Kr
C) Br and Kr can only gain electrons.
D) Both elements lose their outermost electron with equal ease.
Q3) An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 amu and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 amu, what is the atomic mass of the element?
A) 81.0 amu
B) 64.0 amu
C) 80.4 amu
D) 16.4 amu
E) 81.6 amu
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Atomic Nucleus
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Sample Questions
Q1) If uranium were to split into three segments of equal size instead of two, would more energy or less energy be released?
A) Less energy would be released because of less mass per nucleon.
B) Less energy would be released because of more mass per nucleon.
C) More energy would be released because of less mass per nucleon
D) More energy would be released because of more mass per nucleon.
Q2) Why wouldn't you use carbon-14 dating on a piece of shell that was estimated to be 1 million years old?
A) Sea shells do not have radioisotopes.
B) Carbon dating is only useful on plants.
C) Uranium dating is better for items older than 1/2 million years.
D) Carbon dating can only be used on items that were once alive.
E) The amount of radioactive carbon in the sample would probably too small to measure.
Q3) A sample of radium is usually a little warmer than its surroundings because ________.
A) it efficiently absorbs and releases energy from sunlight
B) its atoms are continually being struck by alpha and beta particles
C) it is radioactive
D) it emits alpha and beta particles
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Chapter 6: How Atoms Bond
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following molecules contains an ionic bond?
A) MgCl<sub>2</sub>
B) Cl<sub>2</sub>
C) SF<sub>3</sub>
D) Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
E) none of the above
Q2) What is the valence shell?
A) It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
B) It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.
C) It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.
D) It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23)
E) It is the same as the orbital configuration.
Q3) Which molecule is most polar?
A) S=C=S
B) O=C=O
C) O=C=S
D) These all have the same polarity.
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Chapter 7: How Molecules Mix
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Sample Questions
Q1) What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?
A) The pores in the membrane select by size, they are big enough for water only.
B) The material is hydrophilic and therefore only allows water through.
C) The material is hydrophobic and therefore only allows water through.
D) The material chemically reacts with everything but water.
E) none of the above
Q2) Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?
A) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because intense tropical storms mix up the atmospheric oxygen into the ocean water.
B) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the colder oxygen would "sink" and dissolve into the water.
C) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because the heated oxygen molecules in the air would collide with and mix into the water.
D) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: How Water Behaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does a solute such as salt or sugar affect the melting and freezing of water?
A) Solutes slow the rate of ice formation.
B) Solutes increase the rate of ice formation.
C) Solutes slow the rate of liquid water release from ice.
D) Solutes increase the rate of liquid water release from ice.
E) none of the above
Q2) Why are drops of water shaped like spheres?
A) Water molecules at the surface are pulled into the liquid, making the drop as small as possible.
B) The interatomic forces are strongest for spherical shapes and so the molecules arrange into spheres.
C) Water molecules are composed of spheres and so the bulk material takes on the same shape.
D) Water molecules are special and are the only molecules that form spheres. This is one of water's unique physical properties.
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10
Chapter 9: How Chemicals React
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mass of an oxygen atom, O, in atomic mass units?
A) 12 amu
B) 16 amu
C) 18 amu
D) 32 amu
Q2) For the following balanced reaction, which of the following is a gas? 2 Na<sub>(l)</sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)</sub> 2 NaCl<sub>(s)</sub>
A) Na
B) 2 Na
C) Cl<sub>2</sub>
D) Cl
E) NaCl
Q3) Steel wool wetted with vinegar is sealed within a balloon inflated with air. After several hours, what happens to the volume of the balloon?
A) The balloon inflates.
B) The balloon deflates.
C) The balloon dissolves.
D) Nothing because the vinegar is acting on the steel wool, not upon the balloon.
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11
Chapter 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do we use the pH scale to indicate the acidity of a solution rather than simply stating the concentration of hydronium ions?
A) It includes the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions.
B) It is used because the general public understands it.
C) It is more accurate to use the pH scale.
D) It is more convenient, since the concentration of hydronium ions is so small.
Q2) For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
A) acid
B) base
C) neither
D) both
E) none of the above
Q3) What happens to the pH of an acidic solution as water is added?
A) The pH is not influenced by the addition of water.
B) The pH will decrease as the solution becomes more dilute.
C) The pH will increase as the solution becomes more dilute.
D) The pH will decrease since more hydronium ions are produced from the water.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Upon entering the body, are drugs gradually oxidized or reduced?
A) The drugs are broken down, or reduced to smaller products during the metabolic process.
B) The body's mechanisms for oxidizing foods act on drugs causing them to be oxidized as well.
C) Some drugs are oxidized and some are reduced, depending on the type of drug ingested.
D) Drugs are not oxidized or reduced. They are simply metabolized.
Q2) Which of the following elements would be most useful for creating a p-type silicon?
A) As
B) Sn
C) Pb
D) B
E) Bi
Q3) The n-type/p-type junction is like ________.
A) a revolving door
B) a one-way valve
C) an energy escalator
D) a receptionist
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Organic Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ethers has the highest boiling point?
A) CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>
B) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
C)
CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH <sub>3</sub>
D)
CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH <sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
E) All have the same boiling point.
Q2) An organic chemist's retrosynthesis analysis focuses on how ________.
A) to create large organic molecules from smaller organic molecules
B) to produce a desired organic molecule using only environmentally friendly chemical reactions
C) a large organic molecule can be broken down into smaller organic molecules
D) small organic molecules can be joined together by improving upon outdated chemical reactions
Q3) Which of the above structures should be named as a hexane?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) None of the above
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Nutrients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements describes a cellular activity that happens during both transcription and translation?
A) Nucleotides bind to complimentary bases.
B) The DNA helix opens up.
C) Transfer RNA is used to link peptides.
D) Protein is formed.
E) none of the above
Q2) How many nucleotides does it take to code a single amino acid?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 40
E) 20
Q3) The two strands of DNA in the double helix are held to each other by ________.
A) covalent bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) metallic bonds
D) dipole-dipole attractions
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Chapter 14: Medicinal Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following strategies is not used to treat cancer?
A) damage the cell walls by targeting specific proteins of the cancer cell
B) target the DNA to kill the cancerous cells
C) prevent the necessary organelle that leads to mitosis from forming
D) starve the cancer cells by interfering with metabolic processes
E) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely be the cause or effect of the following state? suppression of lower-brain signals
A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) GABA
E) serotonin
Q3) How is a drug addict's addiction similar to or different from our need for food? How is it different?
A) Upon abstinence, the body suffers undesirable effects.
B) Over indulgence leads to poor health.
C) You can live without drugs, but you can't live without food.
D) All of the above are accurate.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Optimizing Food Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eating which of the following foods would make you a primary consumer?
A) lentils
B) chicken
C) shark steak
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) In 1913, the German chemist Fritz Haber developed a process for producing
A) sulfates
B) ammonia
C) mixed fertilizer
D) lime
Q3) Which of the following is the easiest to remove from soil by leaching?
A) negative ions
B) positive ions
C) neutral compounds
D) all salts are removed equally
E) none of the above
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Chapter 16: Protection Water and Air Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water consumption from all aquifers, on average, is less than the amount of water returned to the aquifer by natural processes. Why should we worry about water use?
A) The average amount does not reflect that drier areas have a harder time refilling the aquifers.
B) Because the water returned is contaminated.
C) The average amount does not take into account the water consumed during photosynthesis to make carbohydrates.
D) Water is nothing to worry about.
E) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements about sewage is not true?
A) All municipalities must treat sewage the same way.
B) All municipalities must treat sewage.
C) Once treated, sewage is released to the environment.
D) Treated sewage becomes drinking water downstream.
E) None of the above are true.
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18
Chapter 17: Capturing Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Electric cars are advantageous because they ________.
A) can be charged at home at night when electricity rates are cheaper
B) have fewer moving parts hence fewer repairs compared to gasoline powered cars
C) can be powered by sustainable energy sources, such as photovoltaics or wind turbines
D) provide greater acceleration than gasoline powered cars
E) all of the above
Q2) Why are gas turbines more efficient at generating electricity than steam turbines?
A) Gas is combustible, but steam is not.
B) Electricity conducts better through the gas exhausts, which are ionized.
C) Water has a relatively high specific heat capacity.
D) Their hot combustion products provide more energy to turn the turbine.
Q3) How many watts are in one megawatt?
A) 1 million
B) 1 thousand
C) 10 thousand
D) 1 hundred
E) Watt was the question?
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19