Attitudes and Persuasion Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Attitudes and Persuasion explores the psychological processes underlying the formation, maintenance, and change of attitudes, as well as the mechanisms of persuasive communication. The course examines theories and research related to how attitudes are shaped by social influence, cognitive processes, emotions, and cultural factors. Students analyze the effectiveness of various persuasion techniques, the ethical implications of persuasive efforts, and the role attitudes play in predicting and guiding behavior. Applications extend to areas such as marketing, health campaigns, political messaging, and interpersonal relationships. Through discussions, case studies, and projects, students gain insight into both the science and practical strategies of persuasion in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 7th Australia Edition by Graham M. Vaughan
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16 Chapters
1147 Verified Questions
1147 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inspired by the early behaviourist John Watson,Floyd Allport argued that social psychology would only flourish if
A) the discipline became less reductionist
B) individual level analyses were emphasised
C) the discipline became an experimental science
D) new methods were adopted by social psychologists
Answer: C
Q2) In social psychology,a scientific hypothesis refers to
A) a statement that is drawn from prior knowledge, or which is an assumption, or which is based on observation
B) a statement that can be empirically tested
C) a prediction about causes or about relationships between variables
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) A prediction about causes or about relationships between variables is a(n)
A) assumption
B) empirical speculation
C) observation
D) scientific hypothesis
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Social Cognition and Social Thinking
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78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which kind of information about another person really attracts our attention? Information that is
A) distinctive
B) unusual
C) negative
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) What characterises 'naïve scientists' is that they
A) are generally of average rather than superior intelligence
B) fail to understand that their inventions can make money
C) are often isolated from the real world
D) use cause-effect interpretations of events around them
Answer: D
Q3) If you knew that only one per cent of inventors actually have a handsome income you would have an example of
A) representativeness
B) the illusory correlation
C) regression to the mean
D) base-rate information
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Attribution and Social Explanation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using what you know about non-common effects and outcome bias,consider the following example: Josh has to choose between behaviour A and behaviour B.Behaviour A produces only terror and behaviour B produces only joy.Can we tell anything about Josh's disposition based on his chosen behaviour?
A) No, Josh's choice will not tell us anything about his disposition, because the behaviours have few non-common effects
B) Yes, Josh's choice will tell us something about his disposition, because the behaviours have absolutely no non-common effects
C) Yes, Josh's choice will tell us something about his disposition, because the behaviours have few non-common effects
D) No, Josh's choice will not tell us anything about his disposition, because the behaviours have many non-common effects
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trying to get others to regard you as a morally respectable individual is called
A) exemplification
B) ingratiation
C) intimidation
D) supplication
Q2) At a girls' summer camp Maria has just been assigned to a group called the 'Rosebuds',one of six separate groups that will interact from time to time at the camp.It is likely that if she needs to make a decision about allocating rewards,she will
A) want all other children to be Rosebuds
B) not care what group any girl might be in
C) wilt and go limp, as a Rosebud would
D) discriminate against children who are not Rosebuds
Q3) Festinger's theory of social comparison implies that people
A) learn from their errors by asking others what they think
B) compare the qualities of various groups before choosing one to join
C) check their perceptions and attitudes against others who are similar to them
D) counteract potential criticism by undermining their 'enemies'
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Chapter 5: Attitudes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maria and Mario's son,Ronaldo,is four years old.To what extent will Ronaldo's attitudes reflect those of his parents by the time he turns twenty?
A) Hardly at all
B) At a general level quite a lot, but the link is weak at a specific level of attitude
C) Most of his attitudes
D) At a specific level quite a lot, but the link is weak at a general level of attitude
Q2) Attitudes are underpinned by automatic judgements.Devine (1989)has also called these judgements
A) stereotypes
B) implicit
C) data
D) biases
Q3) According to Bem's self-perception theory,people learn a lot about themselves by
A) looking in the mirror
B) searching their own behaviour
C) being introspective
D) worrying about what their friends think
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Persuasion and Attitude Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Road Safety Committee really wants to convince drivers to slow down.They show gory images of mangled people,squashed cars,fire engines and ambulances on TV.The evidence for the effectiveness of such messages is
A) very clear - they are very effective
B) that they are completely desensitising
C) not clear - the results are mixed
D) dependent on how frightened people get
Q2) We can resist pressure from others trying to change our minds by means of the inoculation effect; that is,by first
A) becoming more aware of counter-arguments
B) exposing ourselves to two sides of an argument
C) using the analogy of how antibodies help defend the body against disease
D) all of the above
Q3) After the Second World War,research into persuasive communications dealt with several important factors.Two of these were
A) message vitality and ethnicity of the target
B) source of a message and message content
C) classical conditioning and audience reaction
D) leadership and group structure
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Supporters,dissenters and deviates reduce conformity because they
A) increase criticism
B) shatter the majority's unanimity
C) provide a competent viewpoint
D) create cognitive dissonance
Q2) Ben likes soccer.Out of 200 people in his grade at school,10 people do not like soccer.According to Nemeth's theory of majority/minority influential differences,this allows Ben to have
A) convergent thinking
B) abstract thinking
C) divergent thinking
D) inward thinking
Q3) Moscovici criticised the traditional perspective of social influence for its 'conformity bias'.This bias implies that
A) individuals always conform to majorities
B) social influence works at multiple levels but with the same outcome
C) researchers interpret cultural adaptation as conformity
D) intergroup convergence is interpreted as conformity
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Chapter 8: People in Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to terror management theory,people join groups to
A) improve their management skills to deal with acts of terrorism
B) reduce the fear of death
C) escape from a dangerous world
D) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following group characteristics helps to reduce social loafing?
A) Shared norms
B) Members' belief that together they will achieve important goals
C) A rigid hierarchical structure
D) An implicit surveillance method
Q3) According to the drive theory of social facilitation
A) arousal is a learned response to the presence of others
B) there is a decrease of arousal in the presence of others
C) both social inhibition as well as social facilitation can occur, depending on which response is dominant
D) an increase of arousal leads to social facilitation if the dominant response is incorrect
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Chapter 9: Leadership and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leaders are people who
A) dominate group members
B) get other members to achieve the group's goals
C) control others
D) say they are the leader
Q2) Cross-cultural research on leadership style has shown that
A) there is variation concerning how certain leader behaviours are viewed
B) maintenance behaviours are universally valued
C) performance behaviours are universally valued
D) all of the above
Q3) Winston Churchill was voted into government during the war,but voted out of government after the war.This can be generalised to show
A) that leaders undergo personality changes when in power
B) the speed of political change
C) that leaders, once in power, do not always live up to their promises
D) the situational nature of leadership
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Chapter 10: Prejudice and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies have revealed that prejudice is more common in A) collective societies
B) there is no such pattern
C) egalitarian societies
D) majority groups
Q2) Lisa is an excellent student who always studies hard and has a good grasp of the concepts taught during her mathematics classes.However,Lisa is also aware that there is a stereotype associated with females being poor at mathematics.As such,she always gets very nervous whenever she is asked to answer a question in class.This is an example of
A) sexism
B) stereotype threat
C) female students typically being more socially anxious than males
D) all of the above
Q3) Recent research on sex-typical attributes has shown that female-stereotypical traits are
A) valued in certain professions
B) more effective in achieving goals
C) less valued in society
D) rare in today's society
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Chapter 11: Intergroup Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Zimbardo (1970)deindividuation
A) induces behaviour that is normative in our society
B) provides a cloak of anonymity that diffuses individual responsibility
C) heightens concern for social evaluation
D) makes us very conscious of who we are
Q2) A prototype is
A) the cognitive representation of the typical/ideal defining features of a category
B) an idealised representation of a group member
C) an agreed specimen as a yard stick for selecting new group members
D) a technical invention not yet gone into production
Q3) Most cases of social unrest occur against a background of
A) a laissez-faire political environment
B) fraternalistic relative deprivation
C) egoistic relative deprivation
D) a corrupt police force
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13
Chapter 12: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to ethologists,'releasers' are
A) objects to be legitimately aggressed to divert aggression from the original target
B) events to vent built-up aggression
C) strategies to neutralise tension and avert aggression
D) specific cues that elicit aggression
Q2) In a longitudinal study of antisocial behaviour by Strauss and colleagues (1997),it was found that the relationship between spanking and children's antisocial behaviour two years later was
A) an inverted curve
B) an almost linear relationship
C) an increasing curve that levelled off
D) non-existent
Q3) The view that aggression stems from an innate 'death instinct' (Thanatos)is the ________ approach.
A) social learning
B) psychodynamic
C) ethological
D) evolutionary
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14
Chapter 13: Prosocial Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Little Anna has watched her big brother Alan being praised for helping Mum carry the heavy shopping bags into the house.Anna is likely to help next time as a result of
A) sibling competition
B) a vicarious learning experience
C) her need for positive self-esteem
D) mental maturing
Q2) Mark is walking down a busy street and sees a man lying unconscious in the gutter.The man is wearing a dishevelled suit and surrounded by empty beer bottles.The other people walking past don't seem notice the man,and the ones that do just laugh at him and move on.Mark is concerned that the man might actually be in trouble-perhaps he has had a heart attack or some other kind of accident? But Mark also wonders if perhaps the man is fine,perhaps he just had a big night on the town? Mark wants to help but Mark also doesn't want to overact in the situation or act inappropriately.The phenomenon that Mark is experiencing is
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) fear of social blunders
C) prejudice
D) social loafing
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Attraction and Close Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who live in close proximity are more likely to be attracted to each other because
A) it is easy for them to interact
B) they simply expect to meet each other more frequently
C) interaction makes them more familiar to each other
D) all of the above
Q2) Newcomb (1961)found that,at the beginning of semester,students experienced liking and attraction towards others as a function of proximity (that is,they liked people who lived close by)however,as the semester progressed,Newcomb found that students' attraction was driven more by
A) physical attraction
B) a similarity of attitudes
C) intelligence
D) good dress sense
Q3) Longitudinal evidence suggests that attachment styles
A) do not predict academic success
B) of avoidant women match nicely with secure men
C) show the same sequence of developmental stages
D) that are evident in young adults continue through later life
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) The likelihood of men and women adopting sex-typed speech styles can be influenced by
A) whether they have a more or less traditional sex-role orientation
B) whether they were socialised in relatively sex-segregated groups during their upbringing
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q2) In computer-mediated communication,one simple substitute for paralanguage is the
A) hedge
B) rubicon
C) emoticon
D) software
Q3) A minority group's ethnolinguistic vitality is high when
A) the language is well-represented in the schools located where the immigrants live
B) the language is represented internationally
C) there are many language users still in their homeland
D) all of the above
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Chapter 16: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The finding of differences in psychological processes between Eastern and Western cultures is more commonly expressed in psychology as
A) the nature-nurture conflict
B) Christian and non-Christian worldviews
C) the emic-etic distinction
D) the collectivism-individualism contrast
Q2) Analyses that focus on the universals of behaviour are
A) 'emic' analyses
B) generic analyses
C) 'etic' analyses
D) cross-cultural analyses
Q3) In a cross-cultural study on conformity among the Temne in Sierra Leone and the Inuit in Canada,Berry (1967)concluded that conformity levels in subsistence economies are influenced to a considerable degree by
A) how food is accessed
B) geographical distance from Western societies
C) the value that is attributed to the elderly
D) power hierarchies
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