Attitudes and Persuasion Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological foundations of attitudes, how they are formed, measured, and changed, and the processes underlying persuasion. Students will examine key theories such as cognitive dissonance, dual-process models, and the elaboration likelihood model, alongside social and cognitive factors that influence attitude change. Through analysis of real-world applications including advertising, politics, and health behavior the course highlights techniques and ethical considerations in persuasive communication, equipping students with a deeper understanding of how attitudes shape individual and group behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 7th Australia Edition by Graham M. Vaughan
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16 Chapters
1147 Verified Questions
1147 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes Triplett's dynamogenic theory explaining the superior performance of cyclists in the presence of others?
A) Solitary cyclists did poorly because they worried about whether they were going fast enough, which exhausted their brain and muscles, numbing them and inhibiting motor performance
B) Friends of the cyclists usually rode as pacers and no doubt encouraged the cyclists to keep up their spirits
C) In a race, a follower might be hypnotised by the wheels of the cyclist in front and so rode automatically, leaving more energy for a later, controlled burst
D) the presence of another person racing aroused a 'competitive instinct'-the sight of movement in another suggested more speed, inspired greater effort, and released a level of nervous energy that an isolated rider could not achieve alone
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Social Cognition and Social Thinking
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main difference between prototypes and schemas is A) schemas are relatively vague and unorganised, whereas prototypes are highly organised
B) there is no difference; they are always used interchangeably C) prototypes are relatively vague and unorganised, whereas schemas are highly organised
D) prototypes are structured, whereas schemas are fuzzy representations of a category
Answer: C
Q2) Which kind of information about another person really attracts our attention?
Information that is A) distinctive B) unusual
C) negative
D) all of the above
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Attribution and Social Explanation
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Schachter's theory of emotional lability,an emotion is based on the label that people give it.Consequently,we should be able to
A) go to sleep and wake up feeling just great
B) forget that the world is a very cruel place
C) feel contented rather than depressed by attributing arousal to an external rather than an internal cause
D) easily convert a strong emotion into a mild one
Answer: C
Q2) The false consensus effect is stronger
A) among younger people than older people
B) for beliefs that we care about
C) among males than females
D) for beliefs that we're unsure about
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Self and Identity
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to self-discrepancy theory,there are three kinds of
A) actual-schemas
B) ought-schemas
C) self-schemas
D) ideal-schemas
Q2) With regard to self and identity,Freud's psychoanalytic theory
A) argued that the self was only a conscious construct
B) did not even mention the self
C) argued that the self could only be accessed through the unconscious D) allowed the self to dominate the Id
Q3) Millie is a member of a youth group.She is proud of this and feels she is a better person as a result.She is a living example of
A) self-perception theory
B) the self-evaluation maintenance model
C) the overjustification effect
D) how self-categorisation theory works
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Chapter 5: Attitudes
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a social psychologist,you could study mood as a A) personality variable
B) moderator variable
C) situational variable
D) all of the above
Q2) In a classic study of predicting discriminatory behaviour based on prejudiced attitudes,LaPiere (1934)found that
A) Chinese couples wanting accommodation were favoured by Chinese managers, although LaPiere got good service as well
B) generalised prejudice towards Chinese was not matched by discrimination against LaPiere's Chinese travel companions
C) the Chinese travel companions were often offered jobs in the kitchen
D) generalised prejudice towards Chinese was matched by discrimination against LaPiere's Chinese travel companions
Q3) The theory of planned behaviour extended the theory of reasoned action by
A) defining 'intention'
B) re-arranging the three components of 'beliefs', 'intention' and 'action'
C) specifying the questions that are asked in order to predict behaviour
D) adding the variable of perceived behavioural control
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Persuasion and Attitude Change
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is now evidence that continuous TV advertising of shocking images of accidents has not been effective in reducing road accidents.This is likely to be because
A) high-fear messages are disruptive and cause intense emotion
B) high-fear messages interfere with attention to the message's purpose
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Q2) When time is limited,which is typical in TV advertising,feeling really good leads us to flick on to autopilot,i.e.,to use
A) a peripheral route
B) heuristic processing
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Q3) Harold opts for the ingratiation tactic in asking Flora out on a date.He
A) asks her for a cigarette
B) asks her to marry him
C) drives his yellow BMW convertible with the roof down
D) compliments her on her new hairstyle
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Chapter 7: Social Influence
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT a characteristic of a minority that has successfully challenged the majority viewpoint?
A) Being consistent
B) Being uncompromising on core issues
C) Being unanimous
D) Being numerous
Q2) Rather,the dual-process model focuses on
A) group belongingness
B) social norms
C) interpersonal dependency
D) collectivist ideals
Q3) One thing a minority established by the majority as an 'ingroup' (as opposed to an 'outgroup' minority)can have with the majority is
A) a leniency contract
B) a disagreement
C) social impact
D) a contract of rules and regulations
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Chapter 8: People in Groups
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ view claims that people in groups are influenced by unique social processes.In contrast,the ________ view maintains that people in groups act similarly as when they are in pairs,or even alone.
A) category; exemplar
B) collectivist; individualist
C) social; individualist
D) social; clinical
Q2) Becoming more aware of oneself can occur by A) being with co-actors
B) looking in a mirror
C) having an audience
D) all of the above
Q3) The construction and assembly of a shiny black Porsche convertible,according to Steiner's taxonomy,would be the outcome of a(n)
A) unitary task
B) divisible task
C) discretionary task
D) maximising task
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Chapter 9: Leadership and Decision Making
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peter,Paul and Mary have just one weekend to climb a famous mountain.Early on the first morning the weather does not look too good,and individually they know they can't climb that day.So they sit in their cabin to talk about what comes next.Five minutes later,they know.They will tackle the climb the next day,whatever the weather.This looks suspiciously like an instance of
A) diffusion of responsibility
B) conformity
C) follow-the-leader
D) groupthink
Q2) Through our various experiences,we know that we produce more and better ideas in groups than when we are alone.This belief is
A) only true of cohesive groups
B) more commonly known as brainstorming
C) an illusion of group effectivity
D) due to production matching
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Chapter 10: Prejudice and Discrimination
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term 'prejudice' refers to
A) the behavioural component of an attitude
B) an instinctual emotional response to outgroup members
C) a pre-judgement based on a person's group membership
D) a set of beliefs arising from contact with members of an outgroup
Q2) Some people have a characteristic that provides them with an identity,but is also sometimes devalued.This is called
A) a social stigma
B) negative self-esteem
C) tokenism
D) prejudice
Q3) Tokenism,reluctance to help and reverse discrimination are
A) outcomes of stigmatisation
B) forms of discrimination
C) effects of prejudice
D) illegal
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Chapter 11: Intergroup Behaviour
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Martha thinks that she has less than what she due,or what others in her situation have,she feels
A) jealous
B) egoistically relatively deprived
C) fraternalistically relatively deprived
D) depressed
Q2) A social mobility belief system
A) inhibits group action by subordinate groups
B) allows individuals to assimilate into higher-status groups
C) is enshrined in Western democratic political systems
D) all of the above
Q3) Education,contact,superordinate goals and conciliation are strategies to
A) generate intergroup competition
B) clarify group boundaries
C) facilitate the dissemination of prototypes
D) improve intergroup relations
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Chapter 12: Aggression
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The debate about whether a biological or a social explanation offers a better account of aggression exemplifies the
A) subjectivity of psychological constructs
B) rift between psychologists and psychiatrists
C) multifaceted construct of aggression
D) nature-nurture controversy
Q2) Connie showers quickly after her gym workout.She hurries home to have a quick snack to find that her flatmates have left a pile of dirty dishes in the sink.She yells angrily at them.Being social psychology students they know that Connie's reaction can be explained by
A) discourse analysis
B) the excitation-transfer model
C) evolutionary theory
D) the frustration-aggression model
Q3) Research on gender differences and aggression has confirmed that
A) there is no difference in the amount of aggression
B) although males are more aggressive they hold less aggressive attitudes than females
C) the degree of a gender difference varies according to the type of aggression
D) aggression in males is linked to the survival instinct
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Prosocial Behaviour
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People's likelihood of helping others can be increased when A) they have been complimented on a recent success
B) you write down their name and address before help is expected
C) other people watch and clap
D) you have told them someone is chasing them
Q2) When an act is performed to benefit another without expectation of one's own gain it is specifically termed
A) virtuous behaviour
B) altruistic behaviour
C) helping behaviour
D) prosocial behaviour
Q3) Studies with children have shown that displaying prosocial behaviour is linked to A) Western culture
B) peer pressure
C) socialisation
D) Eastern culture
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Chapter 14: Attraction and Close Relationships
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Passionate love is to logical love as ________ is to ________.
A) storge; agape
B) mania; ludus
C) eros; pragma
D) none of the above
Q2) Willingness by each partner in a close relationship to self-disclose is important because it
A) induces a sense of safety for both partners
B) decreases a feeling of vulnerability in both partners
C) helps to establish trust
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following is not a major attachment style?
A) Avoidant
B) Passionate
C) Anxious
D) Secure
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Chapter 15: Language and Communication
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are in a crowded elevator.You notice how people mostly avoid eye contact with each other.This reaction is consistent with the
A) gestural origins of language
B) facial affect program
C) intimacy-equilibrium theory
D) concept of social distance
Q2) Elena considers Julio to be warm,caring and friendly because of his voice qualities.Elena is basing her judgement on
A) solidarity variables
B) morphemes
C) status variables
D) ethnolinguistic vitality
Q3) In a cross-cultural study on gazing and eye contact,LaFrance and Mayo (1976)found that
A) Blacks gaze more when emphasising their power status
B) gazing at a subordinate is universal
C) gazing is more common in Eastern countries
D) gazing patterns amongst Whites are reversed amongst African Americans
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17
Chapter 16: Culture
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Hofstede (1980),the extent to which people plan to avoid life's uncertainties is measured along a dimension called
A) uncertainty avoidance
B) equality matching
C) mastery
D) masculinity
Q2) The dependent self can be conceptualised as
A) a self that is relatively dependent on social relations and has more fuzzy boundaries
B) a self that is relatively separate, internal and unique
C) a self that is relatively dependent on social relations at times but also internal and separate from social relations at other times
D) none of the above
Q3) Which was NOT a historic factor associated with the redefinition of the individual and society?
A) Actualisation
B) Industrialisation
C) Secularisation
D) Enlightenment
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