Athletic Training Principles
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Athletic Training Principles introduces students to the foundational concepts and practices essential for the care and prevention of athletic injuries. The course covers the roles and responsibilities of athletic trainers, basic human anatomy and physiology relevant to injury management, and techniques for injury assessment. Emphasis is placed on immediate and long-term strategies for injury prevention, emergency care protocols, rehabilitation techniques, and the development of conditioning programs. Students also explore the ethical and legal issues in athletic training, as well as methods for communicating effectively with athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals.
Recommended Textbook
Therapeutic Modalities 4th Edition by Chad Starkey
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Injury Response Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of afferent peripheral nerve is a muscle spindle?
A) Ia
B) Ib
C) II
D) III
Answer: A
Q2) What neurotransmitter is located in the brainstem and will increase blood pressure and cardiac output?
A) Dopamine
B) Epinephrine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Serotonin
Answer: A
Q3) According to the practical evidence,what are the primary uses for compression wraps? Select all that apply.
A) Increase venous return
B) Reduce acute hemorrhage
C) Prevent venous pooling
D) Reduce secondary cell death
Answer: B,C
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Chapter 2: The Physiology and Psychology of Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) In pain control theory,which is considered a secondary pain control approach?
A) Target the perception of pain
B) Resolve physiological pain triggers
C) Decrease mechanical irritation
D) Decrease chemical irritation
Answer: A
Q2) Which statement best describes nociception?
A) Nociception must be interpreted as pain by higher brain centers.
B) Nociception is a neuropsychological process that must be interpreted as pain.
C) Nociception describes an unpleasant sensation.
D) Nociception is the neural process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli.
Answer: D
Q3) Which statements are true regarding the definition of pain? Select all that apply.
A) Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.
B) Pain is associated only with actual tissue damage and not potential damage.
C) Pain is always an emotional experience.
D) Acute pain has an identifiable cause and extended duration.
E) Pain is just a simple sensation and not a process.
Answer: A,C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Development and Delivery of Intervention Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is most useful when determining the efficacy of an intervention?
A) Minimum detectable change
B) Minimally clinically important change
C) Maximum detectable change
D) Maximally clinically important change
Answer: A
Q2) According to the World Health Organization,which is an environmental contextual factor that can help determine a patient's level of function/disability?
A) A person's gender
B) A person's profession
C) A person's life experiences
D) Social attitudes where a person works
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following goals is quantifiable and measures function?
A) Increase passive dorsiflexion by 2 degrees
B) Increase active dorsiflexion
C) Increase active dorsiflexion to allow patient to climb stairs unassisted
D) Increase active assistive dorsiflexion
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Administrative Considerations
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Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing for the possibility of professional negligence,what forms the benchmark for determining if care provided was standard or substandard? Select all that apply.
A) Professional standards of practice
B) Facility policies and procedures manual
C) State practice acts
D) Best practice standards
E) Patient opinion
Q2) What term best identifies defamation of character through printed or electronic media?
A) Libel
B) Liability
C) Slander
D) Negligence
Q3) Which develops safety standards and regulations to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses?
A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
C) American Hospital Association (AHA)
D) Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
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Chapter 5: Thermal Modalities
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing heat and cold,which of the following accurately describes the effect of heat treatments?
A) Decreased cell wastes
B) Decreased blood flow
C) Increased fluid viscosity
D) Increased capillary permeability
Q2) In which scenarios is heat indicated? Select all that apply.
A) To encourage tissue healing
B) To control the inflammatory reaction in its subacute or chronic stages
C) To improve range of motion
D) When acute inflammation is active
E) After activity to decrease cell metabolism
Q3) Which nerves are most susceptible to cold-induced neuropathy? Select all that apply.
A) Ulnar
B) Peroneal
C) Femoral
D) Tibial
E) Radial
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Clinical Application of Thermal Modalities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which technique commonly uses a layer of insulation without detriment to the therapeutic effects of the modality?
A) Reusable cold pack
B) Plastic bag with crushed ice
C) Cold compression therapy unit
D) Chemical cold pack
Q2) What factors should be considered when determining the duration of cold pack treatment application? Select all that apply.
A) Type of tissue being targeted
B) Depth of the target tissue
C) Amount of overlying adipose tissues
D) Nerves that innervate the target tissue
E) Amount of hair on the skin overlying the target tissue
Q3) Which treatment is best suited for applying cold to injuries involving an irregular surface?
A) Ice immersion
B) Reusable cold pack
C) Cold compression therapy unit
D) Chemical cold pack
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Therapeutic Ultrasound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which tissues and structures are highly reflective of ultrasound energy? Select all that apply.
A) Interface between soft tissue and bone
B) Musculotendinous junction
C) Intermuscular interfaces
D) Adipose tissue
E) Skin
Q2) When using ultrasound,how much does the target tissue's temperature need to be increased in order to promote tissue elongation?
A) 3.2°F
B) 5.2°F
C) 7.2°F
D) 10°F
Q3) Over which areas can ultrasound be applied when caution is used? Select all that apply.
A) Vertebral column
B) Nerve roots
C) Large nerve plexus
D) Heart
E) Genitals
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Chapter 8: Clinical Application of Therapeutic Ultrasound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which ultrasound coupling method will transmit the most energy and cause more heating?
A) Direct coupling
B) 1-cm-thick gel pad
C) 2-cm-thick gel pad
D) Direct coupling and gel pads (1 and 2 cm)each transmit the same energy
Q2) In which of the following scenarios is the use of therapeutic ultrasound contraindicated? Select all that apply.
A) Over lumbar region of menstruating female
B) Over sites of active infection
C) Ischemic area
D) Joint contracture
E) Over an area with scar tissue
Q3) Which of the following are indications for the use of therapeutic ultrasound? Select all that apply.
A) Spasticity
B) Warts
C) Neuroma
D) Stress fracture
E) Ischemic area
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Chapter 9: Shortwave Diathermy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are considered nonthermal effects associated with shortwave diathermy? Select all that apply.
A) Increased microvascular perfusion
B) Activation of fibroblast growth factors
C) Increased macrophage activity
D) Promotion of edema reduction
E) Reduction of muscle hypertrophy
Q2) Due to the complexity of setup and the potential for burns,what method is infrequently used?
A) Drum
B) Cable
C) Electrode
D) Pan
Q3) What tissues are selectively heated via induction field shortwave diathermy? Select all that apply.
A) Muscle
B) Bone
C) Adipose
D) Skin
E) Nervous
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Chapter 10: Clinical Application of Shortwave Diathermy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following heating modalities is capable of penetrating all the tissues of the body?
A) Ultrasound
B) Shortwave diathermy
C) Warm whirlpool
D) Moist heat pack
Q2) How far away should fixtures with significant metal content be placed when treating with shortwave diathermy?
A) At least 50 ft
B) At least 20 ft
C) At least 30 ft
D) At least 40 ft
Q3) When higher than moderate treatment temperatures are used,how often can patients receive treatments?
A) No more than one every 2 hours
B) No more than 2 every hour
C) No more than one every hour
D) No more than two in 1 day
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12
Chapter 11: Principles of Electrical Stimulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physiological effects of electrical stimulation are related to what characteristic?
A) Current density
B) Average current
C) Duty cycle
D) Ohm's law
Q2) What two properties are collectively known as impedance? Select all that apply.
A) Inductance
B) Capacitance
C) Resistance
D) Ohm's law
E) Wattage
Q3) What is used to measure a material's resistance to the movement of electrons?
A) Ampere
B) Henry
C) Ohm
D) Mho
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Electrical Stimulation Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) What tissue has the greatest resistance to current flow?
A) Cell membrane
B) Muscle tissue
C) Fascia
D) Tendon
Q2) Which of the following are accurate statements concerning the size of electrode?
Select all that apply.
A) As electrode size increases,current density increases.
B) Smaller electrodes require less current to stimulate tissue.
C) Large electrodes yield a more comfortable treatment when superficial nerves are targeted.
D) Most electrodes have a current density that must not be exceeded.
E) Larger electrodes yield a more comfortable treatment when there is an adipose layer greater than 2 cm.
Q3) What tissues are excitable? Select all that apply.
A) Nerves
B) Muscle fibers
C) Cell membranes
D) Ligaments
E) Cartilage
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Chapter 13: Clinical Application of Electrical Agents
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Sample Questions
Q1) When attempting to control pain via the gate-control mechanism,what are correct high-voltage pulsed stimulation parameter settings?
A) Motor-level output intensity
B) Pulse frequency of 60 to 100 pps
C) Electrode placement distal to the spinal nerve root origin
D) 50 percent duty cycle
Q2) When applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS),which protocol provides relief for hours and uses two to four pulses per second?
A) High TENS
B) Low TENS
C) Brief-intense TENS
D) Long-intense TENS
Q3) When using a monopolar technique,where is a good area to place the dispersive electrode?
A) Abdomen
B) Thigh
C) Knee
D) Shoulder
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Chapter 14: Intermittent Compression
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is an increase in venous blood flow from the leg when sequential compression is applied to the foot and leg when compared to intermittent compression of the calf alone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the normal pressure range when using intermittent compression to treat the upper extremity?
A) 30 to 60 mm Hg
B) 10 to 30 mm Hg
C) 60 to 100 mm Hg
D) 100 to 120 mm Hg
Q3) When subacute or chronic conditions exist,what is an intermittent or sequential compression unit best used for? Select all that apply.
A) Reducing edema
B) Preventing edema
C) Decreasing ecchymosis
D) Preventing ecchymosis
E) Increasing lymphatic return
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Chapter 15: Continuous Passive Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a benefit realized through the use of continuous passive motion?
A) Increased strength
B) Decreased apprehension to joint movement after surgery
C) Restoration of range of motion
D) Decreased functional shortening of muscle
Q2) The design of what continuous passive motion device is similar to manually moving the patient's limb through a range of motion?
A) Free linkage design
B) Anatomic design
C) Nonanatomic design
D) Locked linkage design
Q3) While continuous passive motion can be used on many different joints,what joint is it predominantly used with?
A) Knee
B) Shoulder
C) Ankle
D) Elbow
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Chapter 16: Cervical and Lumbar Traction
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Sample Questions
Q1) When examining the evidence,the effect of what traction variables is clearly understood?
A) Patient position and angle of pull
B) Amount of tension and duration of treatment
C) Amount of tension and angle of pull
D) Duration of treatment and patient position
Q2) In what position should the lumbar spine be placed to open the facet joints?
A) Extension
B) Flexion
C) Neutral
D) Rotation
Q3) In what region(s)of the spine is stenosis most prevalent?
A) Cervical and lumbar
B) Cervical and thoracic
C) Sacral and lumbar
D) Thoracic and sacral
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18
Chapter 17: Therapeutic Massage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which basic massage stroke is typically applied to increase blood flow and provide systemic invigoration of tissues?
A) Neuromuscular stroke
B) Tapotement
C) Vibration
D) Active assisted
Q2) Which of the following accurately describes a general form of myofascial release application?
A) Stabilize distal portion with one hand while applying a stretch with the other.
B) Pull the tissues in opposite directions.
C) Use the patient's body weight to stabilize the extremity while a transverse stretch is applied.
D) Stabilize the superior with one hand while stretching with the other.
Q3) What are the different types of trigger points? Select all that apply.
A) Myofascial
B) Cutaneous
C) Fascial
D) Ligamentous
E) Tendinous
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Electromyographic Biofeedback
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Q1) Which of the following is considered an initial result of biofeedback and not a secondary result from the initial?
A) Facilitates reeducation
B) Increases muscular strength
C) Increases range of motion
D) Reduces pain
Q2) The efficacy for electromyographic biofeedback is clinically well accepted for what scenario?
A) Reeducating muscle
B) Increasing strength
C) Decreasing pain
D) Reducing edema
Q3) Which of the following are likely reasons that someone post-ACL surgery would not be able to contract their vastus medialis oblique?
A) Swelling and pain
B) Pain and denervation
C) Denervation,disuse atrophy,and swelling
D) Swelling,pain,and disuse atrophy
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Chapter 19: Low-Level Laser Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Current evidence suggests that the biophysical benefits of laser are related to what?
A) Photomechanical or photothermal effects
B) Photochemical or photothermal effects
C) Photomechanical or photochemical effects
D) Photomechanical,photochemical,and photothermal effects
Q2) Laser production requires what essential components? Select all that apply.
A) Amplifying medium
B) Mechanism for exciting medium
C) Reflective mirror
D) Partially reflective mirror
E) Photoelectric crystal
Q3) According to the practical evidence,which type of laser is considered to be the most effective for stimulating tissue healing?
A) Helium-neon
B) Gallium aluminum arsenide
C) Argon
D) Gallium-arsenide
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21