Asia-Pacific Business Strategies
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Course Introduction
Asia-Pacific Business Strategies explores the dynamic and diverse business environments across the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on economic, cultural, political, and regulatory factors that shape regional and global business operations. The course examines the strategies multinational enterprises and local firms adopt to compete and collaborate within the rapidly evolving markets of East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Oceania. Through case studies and analysis of real-world business practices, students gain insight into market entry, competitive positioning, supply chain management, cross-cultural negotiation, and the impacts of emerging trends such as digital transformation and sustainability in the Asia-Pacific context.
Recommended Textbook
International Marketing An Asia Pacific Perspective 7th Edition by Richard Fletcher
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1024 Verified Questions
1024 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Rationale for International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) International marketing is the process of planning and carrying out trading transactions across national boundaries. Which one of the following is NOT a valid form of international marketing?
A) An overseas joint venture
B) Exporting
C) A wholly owned overseas acquisition
D) Licensing
E) Each of the above is a valid form of international marketing.
Answer: E
Q2) The driving forces that can encourage business firms to undertake international marketing include:
A) market needs, legal differences and communications.
B) export commitment, technology and communications.
C) market needs, economies of scale and technology.
D) product enhancement, costs and economies of scale.
E) communications, legal differences and economies of scale.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Avoiding the Pitfalls of the International Political and Legal Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Companies use the Delphi technique to determine political risk. The company brings a group of experts together in its offices and asks for their opinions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Companies operating in foreign markets often hire local employees. This can involve a variety of issues including:
A) training locals.
B) numbers of expatriates employed.
C) home country labour laws.
D) options A, B and C.
E) options A and B only.
Answer: E
Q3) Any assessment of a firm's exposure to political risk in an overseas country should cover at least three key factors- product, external, and company.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Catering for the Social and Cultural
Environment of International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Personal or individual level culture can be influenced by:
A) an individual's genetic make-up.
B) membership of groups such as family, social, religious or political units.
C) a person's experiences.
D) all of the above.
E) options A and C only.
Q2) When participants have the same view of the purpose of the negotiations this considered a willingness to make cultural adjustments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Attitudes towards both physical space and abstract space vary between cultures. In Western cultures there are three degrees of personal proximity, which are:
A) social, personal and internal.
B) intimate, personal and social.
C) physical, intimate and social.
D) social, physical and intimate.
E) physical, mental and social.
Q4) Explain psychic distance. What role does it play in international marketing?
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Chapter 5: Technology Change and International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency for consumers to adopt new products, which can vary considerably from country to country, can be influenced by differences in:
A) economic environment.
B) cultural lifestyle.
C) strategic opinion leadership.
D) options A, B and C.
E) options A and B only.
Q2) Segmented pricing online allows an organisation to discriminate on price by geographic region.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a consumer market, lead users of technology can serve as predictors of general market needs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An international marketer must determine if the skill level and knowledge of the consumer supports the introduction of a high technology item.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 6: Contemporary Environmental Variables in International Marketing
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Q1) International marketers who target environmentally conscious market segments through green product innovation are said to have a(n):
A) proactive change orientation with benefit enhancement for customers.
B) incremental change orientation with a focus on modification.
C) strategic change orientation with a focus on pollution prevention.
D) accommodative change orientation with a focus on compliance.
E) reactive change orientation with a focus on cost reduction.
Q2) The availability of adequate infrastructure influences which of the following aspects of international marketing activity?
A) Consumerism
B) Environmental impacts
C) Approach to market entry
D) Government regulation
E) All of the above
Q3) Globally, there is a pattern of movement away from cities to regional and rural areas.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Research in International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quantitative data gathering techniques involve gathering ________ from a large, ________ group of respondents.
A) data, consultative
B) data, representative
C) information, consultative
D) statistics, consultative
E) information, representative
Q2) Would you recommend that a firm employ a test market before entering an international market? Why or why not? Support your answer by highlighting either the benefits or problems associated with test marketing in the international environment.
Q3) Which of the following issues was NOT a reason for gaps in management at Billabong?
A) No research had been conducted about who the customers were or what they wanted.
B) There was no research on the industry itself.
C) People within the organisation did not want to change.
D) There was a lack of coordination within elements of the organisation.
E) There was a lack of information on competitors.
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8
Chapter 8: International Market Selection and Entry
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Sample Questions
Q1) When deciding on market selection, there are two main approaches a firm can consider. One of those is incremental versus simultaneous. The other is:
A) concentrated versus diversified.
B) high commitment versus low commitment.
C) staged versus contingency.
D) international versus global.
E) multi-domestic versus global.
Q2) List the INTERNAL factors for assessing the competitiveness of the Australian firm involved in the market screening process.
Q3) Cavusgil et al. developed an index of market potential and overall market attractiveness model based on eight dimensions. List and explain them. Be sure to provide the weight of each dimension according to the GlobalEdge model.
Q4) Manufacturing-based entry is often referred to as direct financial investment (DFI). A)True
B)False
Q5) List and describe the major exporting and manufacturing modes of entering foreign markets
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9
Chapter 9: International Competitive Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Competition between firms is greater if they both have the same or similar strategies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are some major advantages and disadvantages of niching in international marketing?
Q3) According to Fisher et al. (2006), there are four basic components of an effective international marketing strategy, which are:
A) product differentiation, cost focus, scope of operations and customer focus.
B) market segmentation, distinctive competence, scope of operations and synergy.
C) target marketing, product differentiation, positioning and market segmentation.
D) distinctive competence, scope of operations, resource deployment and synergy.
E) distinctive competence, competitor knowledge, synergy and resource deployment.
Q4) 'Competitor myopia' can cause a firm to miss the fact that a latent competitor may be more dangerous than any of its current competitors.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 10: Internationalization, Relationships and Networks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning approaches to internationalisation recognise that internationalisation is a ________ process.
A)Static
B)Dynamic
C)Concurrent
D)Contingent
E)Linear
Q2) Firms usually internationalise because they wish to:
A) Access factors of production on a more cost-competitive basis
B) Achieve economies of scale in sourcing and production
C) Gain exposure to new ways of doing business
D) All of the above
E) Options A and B only
Q3) There has been a growing interest in sustainability because of:
A)Globalisation and advances in information technology
B)Increased competition among firms causing some to use CSR as a market positioning strategy
C)Greater social awareness among customers
D)The increasing importance of citizen-based activities
E)All of the above
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Chapter 11: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The AAA framework consists of which three elements:
A)Alliances; allocation; aggregation
B)Adaptation; alliances; arbitrage
C)Adaptation; aggregation; alliances
D)Alliances; arbitrage; allocation
E)Adaptation; aggregation; arbitrage
Q2) Which of the following are risks that must be weighed by the company before entering a foreign market?
A)Can it offer competitively attractive products?
B)Can the company understand the preference and buyer behaviour of consumers in another country?
C)Will it be able to adapt to another country's business culture?
D)Will it be able to deal effectively with foreign nationals?
E)All of the above
Q3) Cost drivers for globalisation include:
A)Increasing levels of foreign ownership
B)Tariffs and trade barriers
C)Relative labour costs
D)Converging per capita incomes
E)Options A and B only
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Chapter 12: Planning for Effective International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The monitoring of the action plan stage:
A) evaluates the results of the marketing strategies.
B) evaluates the causes of any differences between actual and expected results.
C) measures performance in the marketplace against objectives.
D) takes corrective action to ensure objectives are attained.
E) all of the above.
Q2) Global market segmentation can be defined as selecting groups of potential customers with heterogeneous attributes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The product/service-based approach to strategic planning: A) is most common in practice.
B) tends to be short-term in focus.
C) is most appropriate when a new product is being developed.
D) all of the above.
E) options A and B only.
Q4) Discuss why international marketers make use of scenario planning and discuss the essential steps involved.
Q5) Discuss the emerging bases for global segmentation.
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Chapter 13: Modifying Products for International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) After generating product ideas, the five stages that a firm has to go through in the development of a new product are:
A) idea screening, business evaluation, product development, test marketing and product introduction.
B) product definition, prototyping, product development, product testing and trial.
C) prototyping, product development, product testing, trial and product introduction.
D) prototyping, product development, product testing, market testing and product introduction.
E) none of the above.
Q2) The participative strategy for cross-fertilising innovation encourages various national units in the organisation to learn from each other. The international manager cross-fertilises the ideas but contributes nothing of his or her own.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Outline the stages to be followed in developing a new product for an international market. Illustrate using an example.
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14
Chapter 14: International Pricing for Profit
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a market penetration pricing strategy to be successful in international markets, it is necessary to have:
A) highly differentiated products.
B) specialised distribution channels.
C) mass markets and price-sensitive consumers.
D) a niche segment of the market in the overseas country.
E) wealthy consumers who can afford the product.
Q2) How important is preliminary planning in the setting of an international price structure? What are the most important factors that need to be taken into account by the organisation?
Q3) Mergers or consolidations and export or import cartels are regarding as being restrictive trade practices.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The internet can reduce costs and therefore price due to:
A) removal of physical distribution.
B) trade portals.
C) disintermediation.
D) all of the above.
E) options A and C only.
Page 15
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Chapter 15: Promotion in International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a large country such as India, which strategies would you use if you were developing a promotional campaign for a generic product to gain the strongest reach?
Q2) In cultures where the language is ________ messages need to be more ________ than in cultures where language is precise:
A)Imprecise; extended
B)Indirect; extended
C)Imprecise; symbolic
D)Indirect; symbolic
E)Symbolic; extended
Q3) Explain the value of different types of trade show for the purposes of promoting products and services in the international arena.
Q4) Country of origin can provide consumers with a tangible cue for evaluating a product. Discuss the country of origin stereotypes and their effects on potential customers, providing examples to support your views.
Q5) Web advertisements are often aimed towards a mass audience.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Effective International Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) To create a positive operating environment and get the best out of an agent it is necessary to:
A)Keep communication up to date
B)Ensure that the agent is given company bulletins and other information
C)Respond promptly to queries
D)Have regular visits to the agent
E)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of Hollensen's factors in making a transportation decision?
A)Cost of transport options
B)Type of product
C)Frequency of shipment
D)The reliability of the transportation link
E)Distance to location
Q3) Manufacturing overseas can take a variety of forms. These include:
A)Joint venture and acquisition
B)Assembly and contract manufacture
C)Franchising
D)All of the above
E)Options A and B only
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Chapter 17: Marketing Services and Projects Overseas
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Sample Questions
Q1) The project appraisal stage includes four areas of appraisal which are technical, economic, financial and institutional.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Lovelock et al (2004) services can be classified as:
A)People-processing services
B)Information-processing services
C)Possession-processing services
D)All of the above
E)Options A and C only
Q3) The rise of low contact service within the service sector can be attributed to:
A)Self service
B)Time constraints
C)Electronic delivery of services
D)All of the above
E)Options A and C only
Q4) Explain the advantages of a build and operate scheme and why a consortium would want to undertake such a project.
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18
Chapter 18: International Marketing in the Decade Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key economic variables that define the MOP and have an impact on MOP consumers' lives are:
A)Debt levels, inflation, interest rates
B)Interest rates, inflation, asset ownership
C)Source of income, inflation, asset ownership
D)Currency exchange rates, national debt levels, balance of payments
E)Source of income, asset ownership, house ownership
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a common economic constraint in emerging markets?
A)Disproportionate income spread
B)Declines in terms of trade
C)Inflation and hyper-inflation
D)Foreign currency shortages
E)Abundance of bureaucracy and lack of transparency
Q3) The three segments that make up the middle of the pyramid in Africa are known as:
A)Working class, lower middle class, upper class
B)Rural workers, regional workers, urban workers
C)Lower class, middle class, upper class
D)Blue collar workers, white collar workers, working families
E)Lower middle class, floating class, upper middle class
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Page 19