Arts of the World Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Arts of the World explores the rich diversity of artistic expression across different cultures and historical periods, examining works from Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania. Students will engage with a wide range of visual arts including painting, sculpture, architecture, textiles, and performance analyzing their forms, meanings, and social functions within their respective cultural contexts. The course encourages appreciation for global perspectives, fostering critical thinking about the ways in which art shapes and reflects beliefs, identities, and histories around the world.
Recommended Textbook
Gardner s Art Through the Ages A Concise Global History 3rd Edition by Fred S. Kleiner
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21 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Prehistory and the First Civilizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ is an artistic device for suggesting depth.
A) Composite view
B) Hierarchy of scale
C) Foreshortening
D) Bilateral symmetry
Answer: C
Q2) The building system seen at Stonehenge is called ____.
A) mud-brick construction
B) masonry
C) arcuated
D) post-and-lintel
Answer: D
Q3) Paleolithic paintings are generally found ____.
A) on the walls of shrines
B) in unified compositions
C) on rocky hillsides
D) deep in caves
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Ancient Greece
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Q1) How is the Snake Goddess distinctly Minoan?
Answer: Even though the frontality of the figure is reminiscent of Egyptian and Near Eastern sculpture,the costume,with its open bodice and flounced skirt,marks the figure distinctly Minoan.
Q2) Polykleitos used the sculpture known as Doryphoros to demonstrate ____.
A) his skill at rendering the human figure
B) his interest in storytelling
C) the canon of proportion
D) symmetria
Answer: C
Q3) Unlike Classical sculptors,Hellenistic artists created ____.
A) monumental images
B) a variety of physical types
C) idealized figures
D) relief and full-round sculpture
Answer: B
Q4) How did Greek artists revive the art of storytelling?
Answer: Narrative was restored to art by the Geometric era vase painters who depicted stories on their pots.
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Chapter 3: The Roman Empire
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Q1) Which of the following best describes the "Fourth Style" of Roman painting?
A) Masonry
B) Linear Fantasies
C) Dissolution of confining walls
D) Architectural Illusionism
Answer: D
Q2) How does this image reflect characteristics of Roman architecture?
Answer: Amphitheater,Pompeii (Figure 3-13).This work shows the innovation the Roman engineer used in creating an outdoor stadium/theater.Although it resembles Greek theaters,it is,in fact,two theaters together,and it does not use a natural hillside as a structural base.By using concrete barrel vaulting,the engineer was able to construct a skeleton supporting the seating.
Q3) What is the purpose of this style of Roman mural painting?
Answer: Dionysiac mystery frieze,Villa of the Mysteries,Pompeii (Figure 3-18).This work is representative of the Second Style and depicts the Dionysiac rites and rituals.The painter has combined the imitative paneling of the First Style and created the illusion of a shallow space.This allows the characters to move about the room.
Q4) What is a groin vault?
Answer: A groin vault results from the intersection of two barrel vaults.
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Chapter 4: Early Christianity and Byzantium
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Q1) Which feature identifies St.Mark's as a Byzantine building?
A) dome on a centralized building
B) elaborate narthex
C) insertion of a triple apse
D) none of these choices
Q2) Within the catacombs,the cubicula served as:
A) private homes
B) temples to the Roman gods
C) baths
D) mortuary chapels
Q3) How did Early Christian and Byzantine architects adapt Imperial Roman buildings to fit the new church construction needs? Discuss specific features and buildings.
Q4) Discuss the treatment of space and form in this sculpture and discuss the factors that may account for it.
Q5) What is the historical significance of the Vladimir Madonna?
Q6) Select two pictorial works and two structures that embody the Early Christian approach to art and architecture.Cite specific examples in your answer and explain your selections.
Q7) What does this image portray and how is it significant?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Islamic World
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Q1) Which European country contains many examples of Islamic architecture?
A) Spain
B) Italy
C) Germany
D) France
Q2) Where would a minbar most likely be found?
A) as part of a column
B) supporting a dome
C) guarding the harem
D) inside a mosque
Q3) Who successfully opposed the Muslim advance into France in the 8 century?
A) the Spanish
B) the English
C) the Germans
D) the Franks
Q4) Discuss the diversity found within Islamic architecture.Address regional and chronological differences.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) How does the Great Mosque of Kairouan owe much to Greco-Roman and early Christian architecture?
Q6) Identify the parts of a great mosque.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe
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Q1) Who did Eadwine the scribe emulate in his self-portrait?
A) Bernard of Clairvaux
B) The Gospel writers
C) Christ
D) God
Q2) Explain the name "Romanesque." Then select three examples of Romanesque art and architecture and analyze their use of Roman ideas.
Q3) In what way does this figure embody Romanesque sculptural style?
Q4) How does this work express Carolingian ideas?
Q5) How did the pilgrimage routes affect church architecture? Also how did these pilgrimage routes impact the dissemination of regional architectural styles of church architecture? Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Which of the following architectural devices was not used by Romanesque architects?
A) groined vaults
B) ribbed vaults
C) clustered piers
D) flying buttresses
Q7) Why does this image represent a revival during the Carolingian era?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe
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Q1) What is opere francigeno?
A) The Gothic style of the Ile de France
B) The French operatic style
C) The Gothic style in Florence
D) The French concrete used for vaults
Q2) Giotto's images have been likened to contemporary ____.
A) sculpture
B) mystery plays
C) tragic theater
D) music
Q3) Identify the French and Italian characteristics of this building.
Q4) Gothic manuscript production shifted to ____.
A) secular shops
B) monastic workshops
C) Florence
D) Paris
Q5) How does the fresco cycle Ambrogio Lorenzetti created for the government of Siena participate in the new ideas introduced by Giotto and Duccio?
Q6) How does this interior reflect the High Gothic style?
Q7) To what does Italo-Byzantine refer?
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Chapter 8: The Early Renaissance in Europe
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Q1) Alberti believed that ____.
A) classical forms required modernization
B) Gothic architecture was the epitome of structural logic
C) columns represented the perfection of God
D) harmonic proportions achieved beauty in architecture
Q2) How does this work reveal the influence of ancient Rome?
Q3) Explain how this painting reveals that the artist had interests beyond linear perspective.
Q4) The disguised symbolism in the Mérode Altarpiece includes the ____.
A) candle
B) lilies
C) towels
D) all of these choices
Q5) Identify this painting and explain what it represents.
Q6) How does the renovation of this church by Alberti demonstrate his ideas about Classical form and harmonic relationships between parts?
Q7) How did social and historical issues affect art in fifteenth-century Burgundy,Flanders,and the Holy Roman Empire? Use examples to support your essay.
Q8) How does this work reflect the interests of its patron?
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Chapter 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
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Q1) Which artist displayed Mannerist characteristics?
A) Raphael
B) Titian
C) Leonardo
D) Pontormo
Q2) How is Titian's Venus d'Urbino significant for its title,composition,and material?
Q3) Leonardo da Vinci's paintings are characterized by ____.
A) sfumato
B) monumental nude figures
C) Mannerist elongation
D) colorito
Q4) Explain the subject and purpose of Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs.
Q5) Explain the use of allegory and proverbs in sixteenth-century art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Compare Michelangelo's David with Donatello's David.Discuss the change,if any,in the representation of the image.How did these two images reflect the artists and their periods?
Q7) How is Christ in the House of Levi typical of Veronese's approach to art?
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Q8) How does this work depart from the principles of the Italian High Renaissance?
Chapter 10: Baroque Europe
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Q1) Terms associated with still-life painting include vanitas and ____.
A) sfumato
B) memento mori
C) quadri riportati
D) pentimenti
Q2) How does this image represent the Church Triumphant?
Q3) The art of Peter Paul Rubens is known for its ____.
A) classical restraint and rational compositions
B) early use of strong modeling and later use of subtle coloristic style
C) use of objects and figures painted directly from life
D) all of these choices
Q4) How does this interior reflect the power of the absolute monarch?
Q5) Which answer best describes Annibale Carracci's style?
A) realistic
B) experimental
C) classical
D) theatrical
Q6) Explain the role of portraiture in 17 -century art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) Compare the Elevation of the Cross by Rubens with Zurbaran's Saint Serapion.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
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Q1) Which artist made portraits in the grant manner?
A) Vigée-Lebrun
B) Hogarth
C) David
D) Reynolds
Q2) Reconstruct the Rococo setting of the French aristocratic elite.Where did they live?
What did they have in their homes? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Which answer best describes the paintings by John Singleton Copley?
A) down to earth and informal
B) theatrical and majestic
C) graceful and sophisticated
D) moralizing and grandiose
Q4) The Enlightenment idea of the "natural man" may be seen in paintings by ____.
A) Greuze
B) Watteau
C) Fragonard
D) Clodion
Q5) What is being expressed in this work?
Q7) What is a fête galante? Page 13
Q6) What social and historical issues does this painting illustrate?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography,1800 to 1870
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Q1) What topic did Constable avoid in the Haywain?
A) love of the land
B) civil unrest
C) colonialism
D) debt peonage
Q2) What is the meaning of this of print?
Q3) Which of the following artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American Civil War?
A) Thomas Eakins
B) Thomas Cole
C) Winslow Homer
D) Edmonia Lewis
Q4) What event does this painting represent?
Q5) What does this painting represent?
Q6) What cultural style does this building reference?
Q7) How does this work reflect political events?
Q9) How does photography fit in the history of illusionistic image making since the Page 15
Q8) What important process was introduced by Louis Daguerre and William Henry Fox Talbot in 1839?
Renaissance? Use examples to support your essay.
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Chapter 13: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism,1870 to 1900
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Q1) Cassatt's approach to the composition owes much to ____.
A) Manet
B) Japanese prints
C) Daumier
D) American Realism
Q2) How is this work "modern"?
Q3) Why is late-nineteenth-century art described as honest? Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) The theme of Rodin's The Gates of Hell was derived from:
A) Dante's Inferno
B) Baudelaire's Flowers of Hell
C) Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise
D) all of these choices
Q5) Compare and contrast the formal,iconographic,and material characteristics of the sculpture of Bernini and Rodin.Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Explain pointillism.
Q7) Why is this structure significant for the history of architecture?
Page 17
Q8) What did Whistler mean when he used the term "arrangement" or "nocturne" in reference to his art?
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Chapter 14: Modernism in Europe and America,1900 to 1945
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Q1) What style is described as compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally conceived world?
A) Fauvism
B) Cubism
C) Surrealism
D) Dada
Q2) Compare and contrast the Fauves and the German Expressionists.What influences can be seen in each movement? How did each influence the other? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Picasso said,"Painting is not made to decorate apartments.It is an instrument for offensive and defensive war against the enemy." Explain the relationship of art and politics between 1900 and 1945.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) How did each artist articulate a different purpose for art?
Q5) Which of the following artists was a Berlin Dadaist?
A) Höch
B) Boccioni
C) Picasso
D) Beckmann
Q6) What was the purpose of the Bauhaus?
Page 19
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Chapter 15: Modernism and Postmodernism in Europe and America, 1945
to 1980
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Q1) Which of the following describes Performance Art?
A) It is a commentary on contemporary theater.
B) It is a commentary on contemporary film
C) It replaces physical objects with movements, gestures and sounds
D) It purposefully confuses the audience.
Q2) Art that produced illusions of motion and depth using only flat,geometric forms was called ____.
A) Optical Art
B) Psychedelic Art
C) Postmodern Art
D) Pop Art
Q3) The New York artist whose paintings employed color as a doorway to another reality of emotional expression was ____.
A) Jackson Pollock
B) Francis Bacon
C) Mark Rothko
D) Willem De Kooning
Q4) How is this work an example of Pop Art?
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Q5) How does this work address the role of women in society and as artists?
Q6) Why did Andy Warhol use the silk screening technique in Green Coca-Cola Bottles?
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Art Worldwide
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Q1) ____ deals with the erosion of boundaries between high and popular culture.
A) Modernism
B) Postmodernism
C) Minimalism
D) Abstract Expressionism
Q2) What is Postmodernism?
Q3) Define the major characteristics of postmodernism.
Q4) What was the artist's goal for this work?
Q5) Why does Barbara Kruger intersperse text throughout her works of art?
Q6) What does this work explore?
Q7) Which of the following movements distrusts ideas of progress and objective truth,and views all cultures as equally valid?
A) Constructivism
B) Postmodernism
C) Postpainterly Abstraction
D) Abstract Expressionism
Q8) Whose work does Jeff Koons' art recall?
Q9) Who is the subject of this work?
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Q10) How does this work make reference to jazz music?
Q11) Describe the subject of Faith Ringgold's work Who's Afraid of Aunt Jemima?
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
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Q1) Who was the first Maurya ruler to erect monumental stone artworks in India?
A) Kanishka
B) Chandragupta
C) Jahangir
D) Ashoka
Q2) The architect of the Taj Mahal achieved a balance between the verticality and horizontality of the structure by using which of the following?
A) a strict system of proportions
B) a pool of water
C) minarets
D) a dome
Q3) The pillars of Ashoka form which of the following?
A) the path to enlightenment
B) the cosmic mountain
C) the axis of the universe
D) the Wheel of the Law
Q4) How does this image reflect the particular religious beliefs it illustrates?
Q5) Describe the Great Temple at Madurai.
Q6) How does this structure express its architectural value?
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Q7) How does the Vishvanatha Temple at Khajuraho symbolize the birthplace of Shiva?
Chapter 18: China and Korea
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Q1) Select three works of art.How do they represent Chinese aesthetics? How are they significant? How are they reflective of their respective dynasties? What influences,if any,can be discerned? What were the motivations for the commissioning these works of art? How did they speak to Chinese culture and art? How do they resonate within the context of Chinese culture and visual arts?
Q2) How does this figure mirror the subject matter of Buddhism?
Q3) How does this object define the visual vocabulary of its period?
Q4) China is credited with the invention of which of the following?
A) clay
B) terracotta
C) porcelain
D) earthenware
Q5) Describe the method used to create the army of statues for the First Emperor's tomb.
Q6) What is the artist attempting to illustrate?
Q7) Who was Qin Shi Huangdi?
Q8) Evaluate the architecture of the Forbidden City.What is the emperor's role in its design? Use examples to support your essay
Q9) How does the layout of the Forbidden City relate to the emperor?
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Chapter 19: Japan
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Q1) Ukiyo-e became popular because:
A) its price was affordable to the average person
B) it was rare and luxurious
C) the emperor paid for the education of all ukiyo-e artists
D) it was made by revered Buddhist monks
Q2) What is this and what type of space does it evoke?
Q3) Painters of the Momoyama Period were asked to create folding screens in ink,color,and gold leaf for ____.
A) merchants
B) European collectors
C) Chinese consulate
D) warlords
Q4) How did the Meiji period shape Japanese society for the coming twentieth century?
Q5) Which of the following Japanese artists went to China and studied with Ming masters?
A) Kano Motonobu
B) Kano Eitoku
C) Toyo Sesshu
D) Hasegawa Tohaku
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Chapter 20: Native America
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Q1) Select three monuments or art forms.Evaluate each.How do they represent their creating cultures? What similarities,if any,exist among the selected works? What differences,if any,exist among the selected works? How does each work function within its society? What are the political and religious implications of each work?
Q2) Which of the following would account for the unique cosmopolitan character of Teotihuacán?
A) the city's large, diversified population
B) the city's tolerant acceptance of all deities
C) the city's position as the most important pilgrimage site
D) the city's relationship with the Maya of Guatemala
Q3) Evaluate monumental architecture and the role it played in Mesoamerican cultures.Include the religious as well as the political significance of the architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) How does this monument reflect the culture's sense of purpose?
Q5) How does the stone disk of Coyolxauhqui become a political symbol for the Aztecs?
Q6) How did the Olmec and Teotihuacán cultures shape the development of the Classic Maya culture?
Q7) What culture created this image? Why is this scene important?
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Chapter 21: Africa
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Q1) Which of the following is a unique hybrid of African and European culture?
A) Nok head
B) Ife statue
C) Sapi saltcellar
D) Female Mask, Mende
Q2) Images of couples is the most common theme for the art of which of the following societies?
A) Mende
B) Kongo
C) Benin
D) Dogon
Q3) One of the king's praise names in the Benin culture is ____.
A) great head
B) great heart
C) great hunter
D) great healer
Q4) You have been asked to assemble an exhibition of African art addressing ancestry.Which five examples will you include? Explain your selections.
Q5) Which examples of African art reveal interaction with Europeans?
Q6) What are Kota reliquary containers and how are they protected?
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