Arts and Culture II
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Arts and Culture II is a comprehensive course that explores the evolution of visual arts, music, literature, and performing arts from the Renaissance period to the modern era.
Emphasizing significant artistic movements and cultural transformations, the course examines how social, political, and technological changes have influenced artistic expression across different regions and historical periods. Through analysis of key works, artists, and cultural contexts, students will develop a deeper understanding of the interplay between art, culture, and society, while enhancing their critical thinking and appreciation of global artistic heritage.
Recommended Textbook
Humanities Culture Continuity and Change Volume II 3rd Edition by Henry M. Sayre
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Chapter 21: The Baroque in Italy: the Church and Its Appeal
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Q1) Claudio Monteverdi's first opera was inspired by the Greek myth
A) Prometheus and Pandora.
B) Orpheus and Eurydice.
C) Paris and Helen of Troy.
D) Zeus and Leda.
Answer: B
Q2) Baroque artists placed elements on a diagonal plane,rather than the frontal and parallel planes used by Renaissance artists to
A) evoke a sense of greater depth.
B) induce more defined shadows.
C) produce a stronger sense of action.
D) provide greater balance.
Answer: C
Q3) In his Cornaro Chapel's sculptural program,Bernini equated Teresa of Ávila's religious visions with
A) spiritual rebirth.
B) chastity.
C) sexual orgasm.
D) dancing.
Answer: C
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Chapter 22: The Secular Baroque in the North: the Art of Observation
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Q1) As a manner of inquiry,René Descartes advocated
A) the dialectic method.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) inductive reasoning.
D) the empirical method.
Answer: B
Q2) As a manner of inquiry,Francis Bacon advocated
A) the dialectic method.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) the Cartesian method.
D) the empirical method.
Answer: D
Q3) Vanitas paintings remind viewers to A) avoid the pleasures of everyday life.
B) appreciate beauty in nature.
C) focus on the spiritual, not the material.
D) celebrate abundance and pleasure.
Answer: C
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Chapter 23: The Baroque Court: Absolute Power and Royal
Patronage
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Q1) Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign come to be known as the Age of Absolutism?
A) Science was providing answers for what previously was unknown.
B) Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right.
C) Artists and architects looked to the absolutes of Classical style.
D) Louis XIV served as monarch both to France and the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: B
Q2) Robert Herrick's "To the Virgins,to Make Much of Time" is
A) an English opera.
B) a carpe diem.
C) an elegy.
D) an allegory.
Answer: B
Q3) The ribald Cavalier sensibility was most pronounced in A) English opera.
B) court painting.
C) restoration dramas.
D) masques.
Answer: C
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Chapter 24: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: the
Claims of Reason
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Q1) What new literary form did Joseph Addison and Richard Steele invent for their newspapers?
A) the journalistic essay
B) yellow journalism
C) parody
D) new journalism
Q2) Captain Cook sailed to the North Pacific in between his Hawaiian visits to
A) establish a fur-trading connection.
B) claim that area for the British crown.
C) restock his ships with supplies.
D) locate a "Northwest Passage" to the Atlantic.
Q3) Whose principle of physics is cruelly demonstrated in James Wright's An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) James Watt
C) Isaac Newton
D) Erasmus Darwin
Q4) Compare Hobbes's and Locke's ideas about the role of government.
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Q5) Explain the scope and significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language.
Chapter 25: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the
Continent: Privilege and Reason
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Q1) What Joseph Haydn development was the first of the new Classical genres?
A) symphony
B) German opera
C) sonata
D) string quartet
Q2) The music that arose in reaction to the Rococo is called "Classical," because of its A) symmetry, proportion, unity, and clarity.
B) reliance upon a small number of instruments.
C) predictability of form and movements.
D) use of Greek and Roman mythological themes.
Q3) Explain Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of education as described in Émile.Then compare his theory to your educational experiences.
Q4) Citing examples from both the painting and music of the period,explain why people quickly tired of the Rococo style.
Q5) Identify and describe two ways Rococo painting differs from Baroque.
Q6) List and explain three reasons the French philosophes admired Qing China.
Q7) Identify and explain at least two reasons that Louis XV and his court objected to the printing and distribution of the Encyclopédie.
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Chapter 26: The Rights of Man: Revolution and the
Neoclassical Style
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Q1) Explain the meaning and importance of Jefferson's alteration of John Locke's argument for "life,liberty,and property" in Two Treatises on Government to "life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness."
Q2) Napoleon launched a massive rebuilding program in Paris to
A) restore it to its Baroque grandeur.
B) impress his empire with his new palace.
C) make it the new Rome.
D) expand the churches to glorify God.
Q3) In her Social Contract,Olympe de Gouges called for
A) proper revolutionary costume for all women.
B) execution of all members of the royal family.
C) election of a woman to head France's government.
D) marriage based on male and female equality.
Q4) Compare Abigail Adams's views on gender equality to those of Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft.
Q5) Describe the significance of Phyllis Wheatley's contribution to literature.
Q6) Compare the British Neoclassical architecture of Robert Adam to that of the American Thomas Jefferson.
Q8) Discuss the role of women in the French Revolution. Page 8
Q7) Describe the conditions Africans endured during the African diaspora.
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Chapter 27: The Romantic World View: the Self in Nature
and the Nature of Self
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Q1) Francisco Goya became angered by Charles IV for
A) abandoning Charles III's liberal reforms.
B) banning his print series, the Caprichos.
C) brutally executing French soldiers.
D) refusing to side with Napoleon.
Q2) Identify and explain three techniques Goya uses in The Third of May,1808,to convey his message about the horrors of war.
Q3) What term did Hector Berlioz give to the leading theme or melody in his symphonies?
A) scherzo
B) fortissimo
C) idée fixe
D) étude
Q4) Ludwig van Beethoven's post-Heiligenstadt works often called "heroic" and considered to mark the first expression of a genuinely Romantic style,because they are
A) less reliant on Italian forms.
B) less focused on religious themes.
C) more inclusive in their integration of poetry.
D) more emotionally expressive.
Page 10
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Q1) What is a possible reason for which Roger Fenton did not include the dead or wounded in his Crimean War photographs?
A) The British government forbade it.
B) He wasn't allowed on the battlefield.
C) The families requested him not to do so.
D) Newspapers would not print them.
Q2) Why did King Louis-Phillippe purchase and then store away Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People?
A) It included a nude in it.
B) He believed it would incite the commoners to rebel.
C) It was too large to display.
D) It satirized his claim to the throne.
Q3) What about Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Le Grande Odalisque did viewers immediately recognize as being unrealistic?
A) The woman is not Turkish.
B) The peacock-feather fan lacks brushstrokes.
C) The woman's back has too many vertebrae.
D) The woman's right foot has only four toes.
Q4) Describe the living and working conditions of nineteenth-century London.
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Chapter 29: Defining a Nation: American National Identity and
the Challenge of Civil War
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Q1) Henry David Thoreau began his Walden Pond experiment to A) escape imprisonment.
B) live simply.
C) write a book.
D) preserve nature.
Q2) What other movement did Sojourner Truth and others view as part of the abolitionist movement?
A) Transcendentalism
B) democracy
C) child labor reform
D) women's rights
Q3) List,describe,and illustrate two ways photography changed Americans' views on war.
Q4) Some modern readers find the racist language of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offensive.
Basing your claim on at least two clearly defined and supported points,argue whether the book should be edited to exclude such language.
Q5) Define Emerson's Transcendentalist beliefs,and show how his friend Thoreau lived what Emerson preached.
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Chapter 30: Global Confrontation and Modern Life: the
Quest for Cultural Identity
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Q1) Why did Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann's redesign cause the working class to move outside the city?
A) Their neighborhoods were destroyed.
B) Schools were located outside the city.
C) Factories replaced their tenement housing.
D) The government built new houses for them there.
Q2) The East India Company recouped the money it spent buying Chinese products for import by
A) indenturing the Chinese for cheap labor.
B) opening gold and silver mines in India.
C) taxing the goods destined for America.
D) selling opium to the Chinese.
Q3) Discuss the irony opium produced in British-Chinese relations.
Q4) Why did French audiences react so negatively to Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser?
A) The plot hopelessly Romantic.
B) It was performed in the German language.
C) It was a second-act dance, not a ballet.
D) The German plot inflamed French hostility.
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Q5) Compare a Wagner opera to an Offenbach operetta,focusing on why one was popular with the French and one was not.
Chapter 31: The Promise of Renewal: Hope and Possibility in
Late Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) Nineteenth-century Russian collectors favored French and German work over Russian art,because they
A) recognized the genius of the Impressionists.
B) believed Russia to be hopelessly backward.
C) appreciated a sense of rebellion.
D) found Russian art to be too steeped in religion.
Q2) Identify and define two ways Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace revolutionized architecture and construction.
Q3) Identify,define,and illustrate from specific works three characteristics of the Pre-Raphaelite movement.
Q4) The five musicians known as the "Mighty Handful" expressed Russia's essence in their music by
A) composing "God Save the Tsar," Russia's national anthem.
B) incorporating Russian folklore, folk songs, and native instruments.
C) using cannons, church bells, and a brass band.
D) composing for the celesta, a Russian-invented instrument.
Q5) Compare the main themes of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment and Tolstoy's War and Peace.
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Q6) Identify and explain two ways Tchaikovsky's music furthered Russian nationalism.
Chapter 32: The Course of Empire: Expansion and Conflict in America
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Q1) In reference to Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket,John Ruskin criticized James Abbott McNeill Whistler for
A) copying the French style.
B) relying too heavily on green.
C) flinging paint.
D) altering objective truth.
Q2) The Plains tribes began performing the Ghost Dance in 1889 to A) make the white people disappear.
B) prepare for battle at Wounded Knee.
C) bring about peace with the white people.
D) honor those who died from smallpox.
Q3) Ragtime music was poorly received by many Americans because of its A) disharmonic blending of the classical and the popular.
B) association with African-American roots.
C) loose rhythms suggesting loose morals.
D) association with funerals in New Orleans.
Q4) Describe the events that led up to and resulted from Wounded Knee,South Dakota,on December 29,1890.
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Q5) Identify and analyze two meanings of swimming as a metaphor in Kate Chopin's The Awakening.
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Chapter 33: The Fin De Siècle: Toward the Modern
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Q1) List and define three characteristics of the Art Nouveau movement,giving examples of each.
Q2) Paris's Exposition Universelle of 1889 marked the
A) coronation of Napoleon I as emperor.
B) end of the French-Prussian War.
C) first U.S. presidential election.
D) beginning of the French Revolution.
Q3) In Still Life with Plaster Cast,Paul Cézanne's use of two viewpoints seems to suggest his view that
A) a painting is best created while moving about.
B) perspective can be symbolic, charged with feelings.
C) people do not view the world from a single point of view.
D) the human eye can be tricked into focusing on certain details.
Q4) Social Darwinism supposedly explained
A) altruistic behavior.
B) capitalistic tendencies.
C) moral relativity.
D) European superiority.
Q5) List and define in depth two beliefs of Friedrich Nietzsche.
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Chapter 34: The Era of Invention: Paris and the Modern World
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Q1) Compare Georges Braque's Violin and Palette to Pablo Picasso's Violin,focusing on the portrayal of the violins,the other objects pictured with the violins,and the meaning expressed by the two works.
Q2) Identify and explain three specific examples for motion being a defining characteristic of early-twentieth-century art.
Q3) Georges Braque and Picasso Picasso began pasting paper,fabric,rope,and other objects to their canvases to
A) cover flaws made in early stages of the works.
B) challenge the space between life and art.
C) save money.
D) find more effective surfaces onto which paint could adhere.
Q4) The leader of the Fauves was
A) Umberto Boccioni.
B) Georges Braque.
C) Henri Matisse.
D) Pablo Picasso.
Q5) Define and compare Cubism and Fauvism,illustrating your points with specific works.
Page 17
Q6) Identify and explain the three characteristics of Imagist poetry.
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Chapter
Generation and a New Imagination
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Q1) Much of Kazimir Malevich's Suprematist art depends on the square to A) undermine the efforts of the Cubo-Futurists.
B) represent the world's four corners.
C) free art from objectivity's weight.
D) express deep emotion.
Q2) List and explain three ways in which World War I's trench warfare produced a sense of fragmentation,alienation,and futility.
Q3) In The Battleship Potemkin's Odessa Steps scene,Sergei Eisenstein heightened tension and emotional impact by
A) alternating between traveling and fixed shots.
B) using different rhythms of music.
C) speeding up the rate of the sequence.
D) shooting the film from behind the soldiers
Q4) According to Sigmund Freud,civilizations have failed by A) repressing human sexuality.
B) not defining a social conscience.
C) not controlling aggression.
D) not establishing pleasure principles.
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Q5) List and define Freud's three competing drives of human personality.
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Chapter 36: New York, skyscraper Culture, and the Jazz
Age: Making It New
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Q1) The town of Gee's Bend,Alabama is particularly known for A) blues.
B) painting.
C) poetry.
D) quiltmaking.
Q2) Recalling Gertrude Stein's pronouncement that "You are all a lost generation" (Chap.35),show how that sense of alienation appears in the main characters of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.
Q3) Which artist's two-dimensional silhouetted figures became the signature style of the art of the Harlem Renaissance?
A) Langston Hughes
B) Countee Cullen
C) Robert Johnson
D) Aaron Douglas
Q4) List and explain three reasons Harlem became a destination of choice for the 1920 Great Migration of Southern African Americans.
Q5) Identify and explain two reasons for America's infatuation with its distinct invention,the skyscraper.
Page 19
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Chapter 37: The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression,
holocaust and Bomb
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Q1) The first feature-length talkie was
A) The Blue Angel.
B) The Wizard of Oz.
C) The Black Pirate.
D) The Jazz Singer.
Q2) Following passage of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935,German Jews were prohibited from all of the following EXCEPT
A) teaching.
B) selling books.
C) making art.
D) designing buildings.
Q3) What three major divisions of German society does Georg Grosz parody in his painting The Pillars of Society?
A) upper, middle, and lower classes
B) artists, entertainers, and merchants
C) military, clergy, and middle class
D) intellectuals, workers, and politicians
Q4) Describe and analyze the ritualized bullfighting metaphor that Pablo Picasso uses in his Guernica.
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Q5) Identify and analyze two events that aided Hitler's rise to power in Germany.
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Q1) Minimalist art seems to ask an intriguing question-what,minimally,makes a work of art? Using as your examples the works discussed in this chapter,list three qualities necessary for a work to be considered art.
Q2) Describe Jackson Pollock's process for creating an "action painting." Then explain the meaning of the result of this technique.
Q3) Two examples of color-field painters are
A) Joan Mitchell and Mark Rothko.
B) Grace Hartigan and Joan Mitchell.
C) Helen Frankenthaler and Mark Rothko.
D) Mark Rothko and Grace Hartigan.
Q4) The theme of hell being other people is most central to
A) Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot.
B) Albert Camus's The Stranger.
C) Jean-Paul Sartre's Huis Clos (No Exit).
D) Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex.
Q5) Identify and define two of existential feminist Simone de Beauvoir's reasons for a woman not being able to realize her own existence.Do these reasons have relevance in our post-women's liberation society? Defend your response.
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Chapter 39: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and
Identity in the 1960s and 1970s
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Q1) An overarching theme of the 1960s and the 1970s is the exploration and redefining of roles in American society.From African Americans to the youth culture to women to men,identify and discuss three traditional roles that were challenged and perhaps changed.
Q2) Who defined "blackness" as a mark of authenticity in "Black Orpheus"?
A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Martin Luther King, Jr.
C) Ralph Ellison
D) Amiri Baraka
Q3) For the first time,the electronic synthesizer allowed composers to create
A) stereo and surround sound.
B) music without performers.
C) the sound of pure vibration.
D) a natural echo chamber.
Q4) Summarize the role popular music played in the youth rebellion of the 1960s.
Q5) Explain the image of the American male as presented by Mel Bochner's Win! Then analyze two ways that stereotype was challenged and possibly debunked by the feminist and gay pride movements of the 1970s.
Q6) List and analyze two reasons for the title of Ralph Ellison's novel-Invisible Man.
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Chapter 40: Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a
Postmodern World
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Q1) The Chinese government deemed Zhang Hongtu's painting Bird's Nest,in the Style of Cubism unfit for the Olympic Games,with the reason given being that it
A) included too many English words.
B) was derivative of European Cubism.
C) inappropriate due to its muted palette.
D) mocked traditional Chinese superstitions.
Q2) Chaos theory has been applied to medical research in
A) the manufacture of antibiotics
B) understanding DNA sequences
C) predicting the spread of viruses
D) decreasing infant mortality
Q3) Which artist moves deftly between abstraction and photography-based representational painting?
A) Gerhard Richter
B) Louise Lawler
C) Pat Steir
D) Takashi Murakami
Q4) Referencing one poem and one novel discussed in the chapter,explain the "open interpretation" that characterizes postmodern literature.
Page 23
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