Art History I Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Art History I offers an introductory exploration into the major developments, movements, and masterpieces of art from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages. Students will study the visual arts including painting, sculpture, and architecture in a range of cultural contexts, focusing on the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Medieval Europe. Through critical analysis of key artworks, stylistic developments, and historical influences, students will gain foundational skills in visual literacy, art criticism, and an understanding of the social, religious, and political factors shaping early artistic production.
Recommended Textbook
Gardner s Art Through the Ages A Concise Global History 3rd Edition by Fred S. Kleiner
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Chapter 1: Prehistory and the First Civilizations
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Q1) Discuss the development of ancient Egyptian tomb architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Answer: Mastabas became stepped pyramids in necropolises.True pyramids were located in complexes including mastabas and funerary temples.After the Old Kingdom,looting led EgyptiAnswer to hide their burials and construct mortuary tombs at separate sites.
Q2) What does this stele represent?
Answer: Stele with the law code of Hammurabi (Figure 1-17)describes the right of the king to make law and bring order to the lives of his subjects.The god Shamash is granting that right to Hammurabi by extending to him the rod and ring,symbols of authority.
Q3) The winged,man-headed bull of Assyrian art is the ____.
A) lamassu
B) sphinx
C) ben-ben
D) atlantid
Answer: A
Q4) Explain the significance of the Neolithic period and its art and architecture.
Answer: HumAnswer began to settle in fixed abodes and began to domesticate plants and animals.
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Chapter 2: Ancient Greece
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Q1) Compare and contrast Minoan and Mycenaean architecture.
Answer: The MycenaeAnswer heavily fortified their walls in sharp contrast to the openness of Minoan palaces,and the MycenaeAnswer carefully considered the strategic importance of narrow passages and gates as elements that are easily defended in case of invasion or attack.Analysis
Q2) Which material is not used for hollow-cast sculpture?
A) wax
B) clay
C) marble
D) bronze
Answer: C
Q3) Which sculpture employs contrapposto?
A) Kroisos
B) Kritios Boy
C) Lady of Auxerre
D) Peplos kore
Answer: B
Q4) How did Greek artists revive the art of storytelling?
Answer: Narrative was restored to art by the Geometric era vase painters who depicted stories on their pots.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Roman Empire
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Q1) How does a vault differ from a post-and-lintel system?
Answer: A vault allows more flexibility in covering vast interior space,while a post-and-lintel system is limited by the structural elements of: uprights and crossbeams.These do not allow great interior open space.
Q2) In contrast to a Greek temple,the Roman temple usually was ____. A) set on a tall podium
B) approached from a single side
C) pseudoperipteral
D) all of these choices
Answer: D
Q3) Explain the architecture of the Colosseum.What forms and materials did the builders use?
Answer: The building rests on a skeleton of barrel and groin vaults made of concrete.On the exterior,three stories of arches framed by columns supporting entablatures rise to the upper story of pilasters.The architects used the Tuscan Doric,Ionic,and Corinthian orders.The exterior is marble.
Q4) What is a groin vault?
Answer: A groin vault results from the intersection of two barrel vaults.
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Chapter 4: Early Christianity and Byzantium
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Q1) How did Early Christian and Byzantine architects adapt Imperial Roman buildings to fit the new church construction needs? Discuss specific features and buildings.
Q2) The medium of The Harbaville Triptych is:
A) carved ivory
B) fresco secco
C) marble
D) mosaic
Q3) Why are catacombs significant for the history of Early Christian art?
Q4) What was the vestibule of Old St.Peter's in Rome called?
A) atrium
B) narthex
C) nave
D) apse
Q5) What do these images say about changing views of Christ? Note the iconographic features of each image and describe the stylistic features that add to the emotional effect.
Q6) Explain the function of icons.Then discuss iconoclasm and its effect on artistic production.Use specific examples to support your essay.
Q7) What is the significance of Old Saint Peter's?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Islamic World
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Q1) Who successfully opposed the Muslim advance into France in the 8 century?
A) the Spanish
B) the English
C) the Germans
D) the Franks
Q2) Compare and contrast the luxury arts of Islam with those covered previously in this class.How do they respond to their respective cultures? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) The orientation of all mosques,no matter period or country,must be oriented toward which city?
A) Medina
B) Mecca
C) Damascus
D) Jerusalem
Q4) Describe the ornamental program of a great mosque.
Q5) Briefly describe the design of the Ardabil funerary carpet of Shaykh Safi al-Din.How is this design significant?
Q6) How does this building reflect its era?
Q7) How are these images alike?
Q8) Where and why does calligraphy appear in Islamic art and architecture?
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Chapter 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe
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Q1) Romanesque sculpture at Saint-Pierre in Moissac is characterized by ____.
A) interlace patterns
B) elongated bodies
C) cloisonné
D) illusionism
Q2) How did the pilgrimage routes affect church architecture? Also how did these pilgrimage routes impact the dissemination of regional architectural styles of church architecture? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Explain the name "Romanesque." Then select three examples of Romanesque art and architecture and analyze their use of Roman ideas.
Q4) How is the initial R from the Moralia in Job typically Romanesque?
A) By the absence of a salutation
B) By exceeding the boundaries of the frame
C) By following Hiberno-Saxon carpet page patterns
D) By the banding of the torso and the partitioning of the drapery folds
Q5) How does this work express Carolingian ideas?
Q6) Why does this image represent a revival during the Carolingian era?
Q7) Explain the importance of the plan for the monastery at Saint Gall
Q8) In what way does this figure embody Romanesque sculptural style?
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Chapter 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe
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Q1) What did Giotto incorporate into his work at the Arena Chapel?
A) still life
B) the elegance of French manuscript painting
C) Northern expressionism
D) stage-like settings
Q2) Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
A) use of elegant flowing contour
B) emphasis on drama
C) bold modeling of the figures
D) emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
Q3) Explain the structural elements and what they allowed Gothic builders to do.
Q4) Why are Giotto's painted figures called sculptural?
Q5) The bell tower of the Florence Cathedral is unlike its northern European counterparts because it ____.
A) reaches high into the heavens
B) is self-sufficient
C) employs spiral staircases
D) was made by a well-known architect, not an anonymous craftsman
Q6) How does this image reveal the influence of the art of Classical antiquity?
Q7) How is this building an architecture of voids?
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Chapter 8: The Early Renaissance in Europe
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Q1) In Masaccio's Holy Trinity,the vanishing point can be found ____.
A) between the dove of the Holy Spirit and God the Father
B) above the head of God the Father
C) at the foot of the Cross
D) on the head of the Crucified Christ
Q2) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q3) The façade of Alberti's Sant'Andrea combines ____.
A) a triumphal arch and a tholos
B) scrolls and a temple front
C) a triumphal arch and a temple front
D) a tholos and scrolls
Q4) Identify this painting and explain what it represents.
Q5) The Florentine Pollaiuolo is known for ____.
A) figures that appear ecorché
B) the representation of figures in action
C) his work for the Medici
D) all of these choices
Q6) Explain the advantages of oil paint over tempera.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
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Q1) Select four works of art and explain how they embody the major stylistic and thematic issues in sixteenth-century European art.
Q2) Explain the contributions Leonardo da Vinci,Raphael,and Michelangelo made to art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling fresco includes ____.
A) characters from Ovid's Metamorphoses
B) prophets and sibyls
C) scenes from the life of Christ
D) Christian martyrs
Q4) Explain the use of allegory and proverbs in sixteenth-century art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) Compare Raphael's School of Athens with Veronese's Christ in the House of Levi.How did each work reflect its artistic and social environment?
Q6) Quinten Massys's Money-Changer and his Wife warns viewers to ____.
A) prepare for the Last Judgment
B) save money and donate to the church
C) avoid sin and work hard
D) balance worldly and spiritual concerns
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Chapter 10: Baroque Europe
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Q1) You have discovered a landscape painting in your attic.What formal and iconographic characteristics will allow you to attribute the work to Claude Lorrain or Jacob van Ruisdael.Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) What is the purpose of this painting?
Q3) Las Meninas is a/an ____.
A) portrait of the ladies of the French court
B) formal portrait of the Spanish royal family
C) declaration of the status of the court artist
D) example of the use of the camera obscura
Q4) Frans Hals is best known for his ____.
A) formal portraits of the English king
B) realistic landscapes of the Dutch countryside
C) casual portraits of civic groups
D) detailed views of humble interiors
Q5) Claude Lorrain is known for his ____.
A) portraits
B) still life paintings
C) religious paintings
D) landscapes
Q6) How does this structure represent English seventeenth-century architecture?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
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Q1) The eighteenth-century philosopher who stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings was ____.
A) Newton
B) Voltaire
C) Locke
D) Rousseau
Q2) Which American president was also an architect?
A) George Washington
B) John Adams
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) James Madison
Q3) Clodion's Nymph and Satyr Carousing illustrates the Rococo taste for ____.
A) classical art
B) moralizing lessons
C) erotic playfulness
D) coloristic effects
Q4) How does this work express Neoclassicism?
Q5) What is "Grand Manner Portraiture"?
Q7) What does this work represent? Page 13
Q6) How did the work of Hogarth present a "moral tone"?
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Chapter 12: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography,1800 to 1870
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Q1) Compare and contrast the goals of Romanticism and Realism.Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) What cultural style does this building reference?
Q3) Courbet preferred to paint ____.
A) mythology in the Pompeian style
B) the "beautiful" as defined by the Academy
C) realistic scenes as he saw them
D) scenes of suffering, pathos, and ecstasy
Q4) How did Courbet's The Stone Breakers communicate the drudgery of manual labor?
A) a palette of dirty browns and grays
B) soft pastels for the stones
C) strong, diagonal line
D) bright color to highlight the labor
Q5) Compare and contrast landscape painting in Europe and the United States.Discuss at least three countries in your essay and cite specific examples.
Q6) To what event was Goya reacting when he painted Third of May,1808?
Q7) What historical style does this building reference?
Q8) Compare Neoclassicism's emphasis on the heroic and Romanticism's interest in the sublime.Use examples to support your essay. Page 15
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Chapter 13: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism,1870 to 1900
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Q1) The theme of Rodin's The Gates of Hell was derived from:
A) Dante's Inferno
B) Baudelaire's Flowers of Hell
C) Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise
D) all of these choices
Q2) Who said: "I want to make of Impressionism something solid and durable like the art of the museums"?
A) Monet
B) van Gogh
C) Cézanne
D) Gauguin
Q3) In what way is this work typical of Impressionism?
Q4) How did the artist communicate charged energy and oppressive atmosphere in Night Cafe?
A) Through his choice of subject matter
B) Through vivid, juxtaposed hues
C) Through soft color and tilted perspective
D) Through crowds of alienated café-goers
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Q5) Identify the principles of late 19 -century architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Chapter 14: Modernism in Europe and America,1900 to 1945
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Q1) A nonobjective work refers to work that ____.
A) has been abstracted from a natural object
B) has no reference to external appearances in the physical world
C) is not considered objectionable by anyone
D) has no material form but is merely conceived in the mind
Q2) Explain the principles of Surrealist art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Who said: "I simply try to put down colors which render my sensation."?
A) Pablo Picasso
B) Ernst Kirchner
C) Max Beckmann
D) Henri Matisse
Q4) Compare the work of Jacob Lawrence and Edward Hopper.How did each artist respond to his period? What artistic devices did each artist use to create the emotion of his work? What was the sociopolitical context each artist addressed in his work? Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) To what event does Picasso's Guernica refer?
Q6) How does this photograph participate in avant garde art?
Q7) Explain the significance of the idea of the "avant garde" in art and architecture created between 1900 and 1945.Use examples to support your essay.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Modernism and Postmodernism in Europe and America, 1945
to 1980
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Q1) Art that produced illusions of motion and depth using only flat,geometric forms was called ____.
A) Optical Art
B) Psychedelic Art
C) Postmodern Art
D) Pop Art
Q2) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q3) Frank Lloyd Wright described many of his buildings,such as the Guggenheim Museum,as ____.
A) inorganic
B) organic
C) minimalist
D) decadent
Q4) What was the main subject of the postwar New York School artists?
A) life on the streets
B) optical phenomena
C) the act of painting
D) appropriation
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Art Worldwide
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Q1) What was the artist's goal for this work?
Q2) Deconstructivist architecture is associated with the writings of ____.
A) Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson
B) Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg
C) Richard Rogers and Renzo Pianzo
D) Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault
Q3) Describe the photographic process used by this artist.
Q4) Why did Barbara Kruger adopt the slick design of contemporary advertising?
A) To expose the deceptiveness of media messages
B) To expose bad design
C) To prepare her images for publication
D) To reinforce stereotypes
Q5) Which artist's work led to an important court case in Cincinnati about freedom of expression for artists.
A) Barbara Kruger
B) Jean-Michel Basquiat
C) Robert Mapplethorpe
D) Matthew Barney
Q6) Describe the subject of Faith Ringgold's work Who's Afraid of Aunt Jemima?
Q7) How does this work make reference to jazz music?
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
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Q1) Which of the following would NOT describe a stupa?
A) cardinal points are marked by toranas
B) was a tomb
C) was a type of mandala, cosmic diagram
D) must have a harmika, fenced railing atop the stupa dome
Q2) How is the story about the wild elephant from the Akbarnama an allegory about Akbar's early years as ruler?
A) It indicated his ability to tame even wild elephants
B) It indicated his ability to take charge of an unruly state
C) It was in praise of his graciousness in victory
D) It was an allusion indicating he would never accept defeat
Q3) Who was the first Maurya ruler to erect monumental stone artworks in India?
A) Kanishka
B) Chandragupta
C) Jahangir
D) Ashoka
Q4) How does this image reflect the essence of Shiva?
Q5) What is the function of this building?
Q6) What is a stupa,and how does it reflect Buddhist belief?
Q7) Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.
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Chapter 18: China and Korea
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Q1) Which of the following dynasties designed the core of the imperial palace in the Forbidden City?
A) Qing
B) Ming
C) Yuan
D) Song
Q2) Explain Shang bronzes and what they say about the period.
Q3) How does this image represent the emperor?
Q4) The Flying Horse from the Tomb of Governor-General Zhang suggests that:
A) Zhang will be assassinated by his own people
B) Zhang will live to a very old age
C) Zhang will die at the hands of foreign rulers
D) Zhang will fly heavenwards into the afterlife
Q5) How does this image reflect the Song painting tradition?
Q6) Compare and contrast the Han period,Period of Disunity,and Tang period.What are the similarities in design elements and how do these elements satisfy the political and social relationships of each period? Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) Evaluate the impact of the Tang Dynasty.
Q8) Describe the function and layout of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.
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Chapter 19: Japan
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Q1) The subject of ukiyo-e is typically:
A) leisure and pleasure
B) battle scenes
C) Chinese poetry
D) the burdens of daily life
Q2) In the Tale of Genji,the metaphor,which came to mean fading life and love and the season of autumn,is which of the following?
A) chrysanthemums
B) peonies
C) cherry blossoms
D) bush-clover
Q3) Contrast these two images,how are they different and how are they alike?
Q4) Which of the following characteristics describes a Wabi aesthetic?
A) simplicity
B) drama
C) decorative
D) delicate
Q5) How did haniwa figures function as grave offerings during the Kofun period?
Q6) What are the features that demonstrate Chinese architectural styles and influences in this building?
Page 23
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Chapter 20: Native America
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Q1) The Mesoamerican Mexican Pre-classic period is ____.
A) 3000 BCE-CE 2000
B) 500-900 CE
C) 200-500 CE
D) 2000 BCE-CE 300
Q2) Which of the following is a possible explanation for the temple-pyramid layout of the La Venta site?
A) mimics the sacred mountain
B) mimics the palace of the king
C) is a very early form of the Maya temple-pyramid complex
D) forms the diagram of the universe
Q3) The Goddess painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan wears a headdress with stylized human hearts referring to:
A) the practice of human sacrifice
B) the goddess' great love for mankind
C) the souls of those killed in battle
D) a symbol of regeneration and rebirth
Q4) How did this artist energize the tradition of Southwest pottery making?
Q5) What symbols are represented on this figure?
Q6) How are the cliff dwelling sites of the Anasazi significant?
Page 24
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Chapter 21: Africa
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Q1) Discuss the use of art to indicate social status in Africa.Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) Most terracotta Ile-Ife heads exhibit ____.
A) strict naturalism
B) complete idealism
C) idealized naturalism
D) perceptual naturalism
Q3) Discuss gender roles in African societies and how they affect the artistic production.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) What are Kota reliquary containers and how are they protected?
Q5) Why are the Ile-Ife sculptures considered to be examples of idealized naturalism?
Q6) The ____ people claim they are descendents of Chibinda Ilunga,the legendary hunter-king
A) Chokwe
B) Dogon
C) Yoruba
D) Nok
Q7) What is the symbolism of the heads on a Benin royal ancestral altar?
Q8) How does the style of this statue differ from those found at Ile-Ife?
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