Course Introduction
Aquatic Biology Exam
Solutions
Aquatic Biology is the study of organisms and ecosystems found in freshwater and marine environments. This course explores the diversity, physiology, behavior, and ecological roles of aquatic plants, animals, and microbes. Students will learn about key processes such as nutrient cycling, food web dynamics, population ecology, and adaptation to aquatic habitats. The curriculum emphasizes the impact of human activities on aquatic systems, conservation strategies, and methods for monitoring and managing aquatic resources, blending theoretical knowledge with practical laboratory and fieldwork experiences.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition by George Karleskint
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20 Chapters
2050 Verified Questions
2050 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Marine Biology
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thinking process of proposing a general explanation from individual observations is called:
A) scientific method.
B) deductive reasoning.
C) logical reasoning.
D) inductive reasoning.
E) logical-positivist reasoning.
Answer: D
Q2) Theory
A)using observation to test hypothesis
B)non-observable or testable hypothesis.
C)using controlled experiments to test hypothesis
D)an explanation for a particular observed event
E)an explanation for a body of observations over time
Answer: E
Q3) Observation
A)Two species are in competition
B)Species interaction causes observed distribution patterns
C)Two types of organism are physically separated
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ecology
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) hypertonic solution
A)into cells
B)out of cells
C)no net movement
Answer: B
Q2) Solutes are the liquid in which solid substances are dissolved.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Nitrogen
A)Limiting nutrient
B)Water movement
C)Twilight zone
D)Solute concentration
Answer: A
Q4) predator
A)herbivore
B)carnivore
C)producer
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Geology of the Ocean
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Continental shelves
A)landscape change between components of the continental margin
B)transition to the deep ocean floor
C)shallow extensions of the continents
D)gentle slope beyond the shelf break
Answer: C
Q2) Terrigenous
A)seawater chemical processes
B)land erosion processes
C)from living organisms
D)from outer space
Answer: B
Q3) At the base of a steep continental slope a gentle slope is called:
A) a bajada.
B) a delta.
C) an inverse plane.
D) the continental rise.
E) an abyssal hill.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Water, Waves, and Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salinity is expressed in parts per
A) hundred.
B) thousand.
C) ten thousand.
D) hundred thousand.
E) million.
Q2) Equatorial Counter Current
A)West to East
B)North to South
C)South to North
D)East to West
Q3) A tidal pattern of two equal high and low tides per day is called a:
A) mixed semidiurnal tide.
B) semidiurnal tide.
C) diurnal tide.
D) spring tide.
E) neap tide.
Q4) Plunging waves typically occur on very gently sloping coastlines.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Biological Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flagella
A)protects DNA
B)energy powerhouse
C)selects what enters the cell
D)propels cell through liquids
Q2) Mitosis
A)reduction division
B)cell splitting in two
C)nuclear duplication
Q3) The hard exterior of crabs and lobsters is:
A) chitin.
B) triglycerides.
C) glycogen.
D) cellulose.
E) based on wax polymers.
Q4) Recombination
A)alleles switching chromosomes
B)gametes
C)increase in genetic variation
Q5) What are the shortcomings of the typological definition of species?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Marine Microbes
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would happen if organisms that play the role of heterotrophic bacteria did not exist in the marine environment?
Q2) The process where DNA is duplicated and then the cell divides into two cells is called:
A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) binary fusion.
D) auxospore.
E) fusion.
Q3) The following amoeboid protozoans are important sources of silica deposits in some areas of the world:
A) diatoms.
B) silicoflagellates.
C) radiolarians.
D) foraminiferans.
E) ciliates.
Q4) Archaea
A)prokaryote in some ways similar to eukaryotes
B)original inhabitants of the sea
C)nucleus and membrane-bound organelle
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Chapter 7: Multicellular Primary Producers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brown algae are most diverse and abundant along coastlines ____.
A) at temperate latitudes
B) at the equator
C) bordering the Caribbean
D) bordering the Indo-Pacific
E) in polar regions.
Q2) Which of these groups of algae could you potentially find in a high mountain lake?
A) red
B) brown
C) green
D) cyanobacteria
Q3) Brown algae
A)gametangia
B)tetrasporophyte
C)zygote
Q4) Mangroves
A)pollinated by the wind
B)disperses with floating propagules
C)hydrophilous pollination
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Chapter 8: Lower Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Syconoid
A)Complex folding
B)Vase shape
C)Simple folding
Q2) Which of the following is not bilaterally symmetric?
A) turbellarian
B) lamp shell
C) ribbon worm
D) phoronid
E) comb jelly
Q3) Water enters the sponge spongocoel through the:
A) choanocytes.
B) spicules.
C) ostia.
D) osculum.
E) pinocytes.
Q4) What are the advantages of radial symmetry to a sessile or slow moving organism?
Q5) If all the meiofaunal organisms were eliminated from a sandy beach, how would that affect the habitat and the trophic structure of the beach?
Page 10
Q6) What are 2 functions of naturally produced chemical defenses in sponges?
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Chapter 9: Higher Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the main types of bivalves and describe how they differ in their life habits.
Q2) Spiny skinned organisms that have a water vascular system belong to the phylum:
A) Echinodermata.
B) Chordata.
C) Bryozoa.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Mollusca.
Q3) Sea squirts
A)Eel-like infauna
B)Sessile epifauna
C)Barrel-shaped, transparent plankton
Q4) The radula functions to:
A) filter feed.
B) assist in reproduction.
C) scrape algae off of rocks.
D) assist in osmoregulation.
E) secrete the shell.
Q5) Contrast the various functions of the mantle between Cephalopods and Gastropods.
Page 11
Q6) Describe the method by which nautiloids regulate their buoyancy.
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Chapter 10: Marine Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The largest known fish is:
A) the blue whale.
B) the whale shark.
C) the megamouth shark.
D) the great white shark.
E) the humpback whale.
Q2) The gill rakers of anchovies are modified for:
A) respiration.
B) excretion of salts.
C) filtering plankton.
D) crushing their fish prey.
E) detecting vibrations in the water column.
Q3) Sequential
A)Changing from females to males
B)Having both male and female gonads simultaneously
C)Changing from males to females
D)Changing from one sex to another
Q4) Marine bony fishes have blood that is just as salty as seawater.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Reptiles and Birds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Turtles
A)Four-chambered heart
B)Plastron
C)Lost limbs
D)Gular pouch
Q2) The bird with the largest wings, also a marine bird, is called the:
A) frigate bird.
B) pelican.
C) albatross.
D) gull.
E) cormorant.
Q3) Gulls feed mostly by
A) capturing small fish.
B) eating algae.
C) probing for small prey in the mud.
D) scavenging.
E) dive bombing onto schools of fish
Q4) Birds are considered homeothermic.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Marine Mammals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leopard seal's primary predator is called the:
A) sperm whale.
B) polar bear.
C) killer whale.
D) salt water crocodile.
E) Weddel seal.
Q2) Slapping
A)establishing dominance
B)marking position
C)looking around
Q3) Toothed whales use low frequency clicks to make out the outline of potential prey.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dugong
A)crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms
B)fish
C)sea urchins
D)water plants
Q5) Why must sea otters consume 25% of their body weight in food every day?
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Chapter 13: Intertidal Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mussels attach to the rocky shores by:
A) byssal threads.
B) mucous secretions.
C) foot.
D) calcareous shells.
E) glue.
Q2) The tropical midlittoral fringe has two zones; they are
A) brown and yellow.
B) brown and pink.
C) black and white.
D) brown and black.
E) pink and yellow.
Q3) Most of the organisms of the supralittoral fringe of sandy beach cope by:
A) moving out of the area during low tide.
B) closing their shells.
C) living in permanent or semi-permanent tubes and burrows.
D) tolerating desiccation.
E) migrating into upper tidal zones.
Q4) Describe what constitutes a lichen. How do they obtain their nutrition? Where are they usually found in the rocky intertidal?
15
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Chapter 14: Estuaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seawater and fresh water do not mix very well in fjords.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Considering that species diversity in estuaries is limited by constant changes in salinity, temperature, and water movement, where, vertically, in an estuary would one expect to find the greatest species diversity? The least species diversity?
Q3) Holdfast
A)algae
B)red mangrove
C)seagrasses
D)black mangrove
Q4) Green algae
A)Mya
B)Urosalpinx
C)Ulva
Q5) Positive estuary
A)Evaporation can exceed freshwater input.
B)Fresh water flows over seawater.
C)Dense surface seawater mixes into freshwater below.
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Chapter 15: Coral Reef Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) The importance of crustose calcareous algae on a coral reef is that they:
A) provide food for corals.
B) prevent settlement of larvae.
C) cement bits of rubble in the process of reef formation.
D) are a major source of food for reef dwellers.
E) create habitat for juvenile fish.
Q2) Describe the process of reef formation, including the destructive and constructive phases.
Q3) An organism that can eviscerate its internal organs when stressed is the:
A) sea star.
B) sea cucumber.
C) crinoid.
D) sea urchin.
E) brittle star.
Q4) Zooxanthellae are symbiotic:
A) diatoms.
B) dinoflagellates.
C) radiolarians.
D) coccolithophores.
E) forameniferans.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Continental Shelves and Neritic Zone
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sunflower star
A)eats detritus and bacteria
B)scavenger and predator
C)eats detritus and plankton
D)herbivore
Q2) Laminaria is the genus of kelp that dominates in:
A) the Pacific coast.
B) the South Atlantic.
C) the Tropical Pacific.
D) the North Atlantic.
E) the Indian Ocean.
Q3) Macrocystis can grow up to ____ centimeters per day.
A) 10
B) 15
C) 35
D) 50
E) 100
Q4) Kelps are a major source of detritus to kelp forest dwellers.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Open Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spatial distribution
A)Microplankton
B)Holoplankton
C)Nekton
D)Viriplankton
Q2) What is micropatchiness, and what factors give rise to micropatchiness in the open sea?
Q3) Particles suspended in the sea are called:
A) seston.
B) tripton.
C) bacterioplankton.
D) viriplankton.
E) nekton.
Q4) Primary productivity is limited in surface waters of the open ocean by:
A) sunlight.
B) nutrients.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) oxygen.
E) temperature.
Q5) What is meant by the terms "holoplankton" and "meroplankton"?
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Chapter 18: Life in the Oceans Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stability
A)number of individuals
B)number of species
C)how long a community persists
Q2) Deep-sea
A)tiny, only slightly functional
B)small and less functional
C)large - tubular
Q3) Opossum shrimp
A)attract prey
B)confuse predator
C)mate selection
Q4) The deep sea is characterized by being a very unstable environment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Laternfish
A)attract prey
B)confuse predator
C)mate selection
Q6) Describe at least 3 functions of bioluminescence in deep-sea fishes.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) In warm areas, salt is extracted from seawater by:
A) evaporation.
B) freezing.
C) reverse osmosis.
D) chemical methods.
E) filtration.
Q2) A relatively new product made from Alaska pollock is called: A) surimi.
B) fish fillets.
C) bottom fish.
D) round fish.
E) Krab.
Q3) Fish and shellfish account for what percentage of total protein consumed by the human population?
A) 6
B) 16
C) 26
D) 36
E) 56
Q4) What problems are associated with desalination?
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Chapter 20: Oceans in Jeopardy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is marine transportation of oil a big problem for the environment?
Q2) Biological magnification
A)presence indicates sewage pollution
B)concentrate hepatitis viruses
C)mercury poisoning, DDT and PCBs
Q3) Aromatic hydrocarbons
A)polychlorinated biphenyls
B)benzene and other ring-shaped molecules
C)heptane and other straight-chain molecules
D)coliforms
Q4) Briefly describe the kinds of trash, amount of trash, and economic impact of dumping trash in the ocean, using Florida as an example.
Q5) Smoking Related
A)35.8
B)6.3
C)52
Q6) Briefly describe how toxic materials like DDT that have low concentrations in the water column affect organisms at distant locations.
Q7) What are some ways of reducing plastic pollution in the ocean?
Page 22
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