Applied Social Research Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Applied Social Research explores the methodologies, techniques, and practical skills necessary for conducting systematic investigations into social issues and phenomena. This course covers the full research process, including formulating research questions, designing studies, collecting qualitative and quantitative data, analyzing results, and presenting findings. Emphasis is placed on real-world application, ethical considerations, and using research to inform policy, program development, and organizational decision-making within diverse social contexts. Students will acquire hands-on experience by developing and executing their own research projects, while critically evaluating the strengths and limitations of various research approaches.
Recommended Textbook
An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done 5th Edition by Emily Stier Adler
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Chapter 1: The Uses of Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exploratory research
A) is research which seeks to provide a picture of how "the land lies" on a particular social issue.
B) tends to be deductive using pre-existing theories to decide what kinds of data should be collected.
C) is analysis that results in the interpretation of action or representation of meanings in the researcher's own words.
D) is ground breaking research on a relatively unstudied topic or in a new area.
E) generally includes theory-testing.
Answer: D
Q2) Evaluation research and participatory action research are two different types of basic research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Basic research serves the function of developing knowledge for its own sake.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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Q1) The cyclical model of science is meant to represent the relationship between theory testing and theory building.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) One of the implications of Wallace's cyclical model is
A) the model explains all research.
B) research may not touch on all elements of the model at once.
C) the model is ideal for testing a theory.
D) the model can be altered to fit specific research questions.
E) none of these
Answer: B
Q3) Empirical association refers to two variables being statistically related.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Independent variables influence dependent variables.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Ethics and Social Research
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Q1) Two main principles that Humphreys violated in his study,The Tearoom Trade,are anonymity and confidentiality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) An institutional review board (IRB)is designed to make sure that the researcher will not publish false results.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) is when subjects are informed about the general purpose of the research.
A) Informed consent
B) Confidentiality
C) Voluntary participation
D) Ethical research
E) IRB
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Planning a Research Project
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Q1) A datakeeper can help researchers either gain access or permission to do a study; they can also deny the researcher access or permission as well.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researchable question must be feasible.Which of the following is not an element of feasibility?
A) It must be possible to get access to the information needed for the study.
B) There must be sufficient time to do the study.
C) There must be a grant to support the investigation.
D) There must be resources to do the research even if there are minimal costs associated with it.
E) all of these are elements of feasibility.
Q3) Most current research is based primarily on personal interest alone. A)True B)False
Q4) It is essential that researchers be "value free" in order to conduct credible research. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Sampling
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Q1) Choosing a sampling technique requires making theoretical and methodological decisions,but not necessarily ethical decisions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When two samples are drawn from the same population,there may occur,when the sample statistics differ.
A) coverage error
B) statistical bias
C) dual error
D) sampling variability
E) generalizability
Q3) The larger the size of the samples taken from the population,the more likely that
A) the statistic will be an accurate estimation of the population parameter.
B) we will obtain identitical statistics and parameters.
C) we will gain an accurate picture of the variation within the samples.
D) our study will become very expensive.
E) accuracy will be less.
Q4) Identify and describe the four types of nonprobability sampling.
Q5) What lessons were learned in the presidential sampling examples?
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Chapter 6: Measurement
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Q1) What does it mean for a concept to be multidimensional? Use the example of marital satisfaction and explain how the concept of marital satisfaction can be multidimensional.
Q2) A higher level of measurement is not much advantage to a researcher since statistical analysis tools are equally available to all levels.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multidimensionality refers to concepts that have more than one way of manifesting themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Nominal variables are the lowest level of measurement. A)True B)False
Q5) Content validity is a test for validity which involves utilizing the judgment of experts in the field.
A)True B)False
Q6) What is the difference between reliability and validity?
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Chapter 7: Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Case Study Designs
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Q1) The advantage of trend studies is that they
A) avoid panel attrition.
B) avoid panel conditioning.
C) save the expense of finding the original participants.
D) enable the researcher to collect data anonymously.
E) All of these are advantages to trend studies.
Q2) A study design must balance ethical,practical,and methodological issues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a panel design,researchers assemble a panel of experts and ask them about opinions on a topic of interest.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Decisions about study design are based partly on A) the use of theory.
B) the researcher's interest.
C) the purpose of the research.
D) whether or not a causal hypothesis will be tested.
E) all of these influence decisions about study design.
Page 9
Q5) What must be established to prove that variables are causally related?
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Chapter 8: Experimental Research
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Q1) Describe the situation in which a natural experiment is more appropriate over a classical experimental design.What are the inherent differences between these experimental designs? What issues do you have to account for when doing a natural experiment?
Q2) A placebo
A) must appear authentic.
B) is a simulated treatment of the control group.
C) is the experimental condition of the IV that is controlled by the researcher.
D) is the agreement between a study's conclusions about causal conditions and what is actually true.
E) must appear authentic and is a simulated treatment of the control group.
Q3) The Solomon four-group design has
A) two experimental and two control groups.
B) three experimental groups and one control group.
C) two pretest groups and two posttest groups.
D) four experimental groups.
E) four control groups.
Q4) Describe the differences between a comparison group quasi-experiment and a post-test only quasi-experiment.
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Chapter 9: Questionnaires and Structured Interviews
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Q1) Which type of survey tends to have the highest response rate?
A) mailed questionnaire
B) phone interview
C) in-person interview
D) All of these tend to yield high response rates.
E) None of these tend to yield high response rates.
Q2) Questionnaires and structured interviews are the most common method utilized for collecting data in the social sciences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If a researcher is going to ask potentially embarrassing or sensitive questions,it is better to get them over with early in the survey.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Question wording is important to the success of a questionnaire.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provide an example of a closed-ended and an open-ended question that seeks information about racial and ethnic tolerance.
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Chapter 10: Qualitative Interviewing
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Q1) The questionnaire used by Sandra Enos in Managing Motherhood in Prison included some open ended questions,but mostly closed ended questions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a benefit to group interviewing?
A) Group sessions are less time consuming.
B) Group sessions are cost effective.
C) Members in group can help other respondents recall information.
D) Group sessions can be stimulating to respondents.
E) All of these are benefits of group interviews.
Q3) Imagine that you have been asked to work as an interviewer in a project looking at abusive parents.Think about your age,your sex,your social status and other issues related to bridging the "great divide." What are the difficulties you would anticipate in this project? Would you expect to get truthful answers? What advice can you lend to the sponsor or designer of the research about interviewers,the site of the interview and the general design of the interview instrument?
Q4) Compare and contrast any two types of qualitative interviews.
Q5) Describe the issues of validity for qualitative interviews.
Q6) Describe what happens after the interviews have been completed.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Observational Techniques
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Q1) Mueller,Dirks,and Picca felt it necessary that students be trained in how to write in journals in order to collect data regarding costuming.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the focal research by Mueller,Dirks,and Picca,how was the data collected about Halloween costuming?
A) video ethnography
B) photographs
C) interviews
D) observation on Halloween
E) journal entries
Q3) What are the differences between thin and thick descriptions? How can visual sociology be used for observations and subsequent thick descriptions?
Q4) What other method also relies on observations?
A) experiments
B) content analysis
C) interviews
D) data from questionnaires
E) All of these methods rely on observation in one way or another.
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Chapter 12: Using Available Data
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Q1) One must have a password to gain access to public data,such as Census Bureau files,on the Internet.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are a variety of surveys that gather data on teen use of alcohol and drugs and involvement in crime and sexual experience.There are available in printed form and on the Internet.If these are dependent variables,what are some of the variables that might be independent variables? For example,what might be related to early use of drugs and alcohol? What would be good sources of this data?
Q3) The unit of analysis used in the United Nations Demographic Yearbook and the International Labor Office is the
A) individual.
B) state.
C) county.
D) city.
E) nation.
Q4) The ecological fallacy is the fallacy of making inappropriate inferences.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Content Analysis
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Q1) Content analysis is a method of data collection in which some forms of communication (e.g.,TV programs,newspaper articles,files,etc)are studied systematically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____are the units about which information is collected and____are the units from which information is collected.
A) Units of observation; units of analysis
B) Units of analysis; units of observation
C) qualitative units; quantitative units
D) quantitative units; qualitative units
E) none of these
Q3) Content analysis relies solely on simple random sampling.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the main differences between quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis?
Q5) A unit of analysis is the unit about which information is collected.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Applied Social Research
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Q1) Ethical concerns in applied research
A) are probably less important than in basic research.
B) are equally important as in basic research.
C) are only significant to the community members.
D) are only significant to the researchers.
E) none of these.
Q2) Say you have developed a new program to combat students dropping out of college after their first year of attendance.What kind of program evaluation would be necessary to evaluate this program within the first few years to see if it is effective? Why is this type of program evaluation best?
Q3) Evaluation research is a scientific method that does not need to consider who the intended audience is for its findings.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cost-benefit analysis is used to determine if the program saves money for program participants.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) A Pearson's r of .20 has been calculated for the relationship between two variables,X and J.What can be said?
A) This is a relationship where as X increases or decreases, J goes in the opposite direction to a very small degree.
B) This is a relationship where as X increases or decreases, J goes in the same direction to a very small degree.
C) This is a relationship where as X increases, J also increases to a significant degree.
D) This is a relationship where there is no connection at all between X and J.
E) This is a relationship where X and J are related causally.
Q2) In a frequency distribution,we are
A) displaying the number of cases that fall in categories.
B) showing the connections between descriptive statistics.
C) examining the central tendencies of variables.
D) testing out our coding schemes.
E) analyzing multiple variables.
Q3) The measure of central tendency used for ordinal variables is mode.
A)True
B)False
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