Applied Statistics
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Statistics is a course designed to introduce students to the practical application of statistical methods in analyzing and interpreting real-world data. The course covers key topics such as probability distributions, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and nonparametric methods, with a strong emphasis on using statistical software for data analysis. Students will learn how to formulate research questions, select appropriate statistical techniques, and make data-driven decisions across various fields including business, health sciences, and social sciences. By the end of the course, students will gain proficiency in critically evaluating data, drawing valid conclusions, and effectively communicating statistical findings.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some patients in a control group will get well because of their belief that they are receiving the real treatment.This phenomenon is known as the
A)experimenter effect
B)placebo effect
C)Hawthorne effect
D)belief effect
E)all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good theory?
A)provable
B)testable hypotheses
C)provocative
D)grandness
E)all of the above
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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Sample Questions
Q1) In her bar graph presentation to the queen of England, Florence Nightingale controlled for which two rival hypotheses?
A)age and gender
B)age and ethnicity
C)age and war
D)health and conditions
E)war and gender
Answer: C
Q2) What error did Florence Nightingale commit in her bar graph presentation to the queen of England?
A)interval widths were too large
B)interval widths were too small
C)overlapping interval widths
D)too many colors
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mean (rounded to two decimal places) of the following set of first-time statistics students' ages: 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 29, 33, 64?
A)24.5
B)25
C)24.50
Answer: C
Q2) What is the standard deviation (rounded to one decimal place) for the previous set of scores?
A)10.12
B)10.11
C)10.1
D)10.2
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and Hypothesis Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the z distribution, what proportion of SAT verbal scores falls between 400 and 600?
A).3413
B).2500
C).6826
D)-.3413
Q2) On the Karen Horney-Coolidge Tridimensional Inventory (note: Karen Horney was a neo-Freudian), a student receives a raw score of 9 on the Compliance Dimension and a raw score of 12 on the Malevolence facet of Aggression.The student
A)was more malevolent than compliant
B)scored higher on the Malevolence facet than on the Compliance dimension
C)scored nearly equally on the two measures given the possibility of chance
D)it cannot be determined
Q3) What proportion of scores on a z distribution falls between a z score of -1.96 and 1.96?
A).3413
B).6826
C).7500
D).9500
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Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics: The Controlled Experiment,
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The probability of committing the Type II error is also called
A)alpha
B)beta C)delta D)omega
Q2) A trend in the data means that the experimenter
A)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .05
B)rejected the null hypothesis at p < .01
C)did not reject the null hypothesis but came close to doing so D)none of the above
Q3) Which of the following is more likely to end up being too sensitive to chance differences?
A)a nondirectional alternative hypothesis
B)a directional alternative hypothesis
C)a nondirectional research hypothesis
D)all of the above
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the formula Y = a + bX, the letter b defines
A)the intercept of the x-axis
B)the intercept of the y-axis
C)the slope or angle of the straight line
D)all of the above
Q2) A Pearson correlation above r +.50 may be labeled
A)weak
B)significant
C)strong
D)nonsignificant
Q3) The Pearson correlation on these data is r =
A).61
B).71
C).81
D).91
Q4) The formula for Spearman's rank-order correlation was actually derived by
A)Francis Galton
B)Charles Darwin
C)Karl Pearson
D)Egon Pearson
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Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for this problem are A)30
B)28
C)15
D)14
Q2) The degrees of freedom for this problem are A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Q3) The value of the numerator (either or -) in the t test formula for this problem is
A)0.378
B)6.67
C)7.00
D).051
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9
Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?
A)it appears that coffee drinking is associated with improved mood
B)coffee drinking does not cause mood improvement
C)coffee drinking is correlated with people's moods
D)the null hypothesis is retained
Q2) The derived t value (either + or -) from the formula is
A)5.00
B)7.87
C)3.44
D).05
Q3) In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?
A)the new drug works better
B)the new drug works no better than the old drug
C)because the mean number of seizures was lower for the new drug, this indicates that it works better than the old drug
D)because the mean number of seizures was higher for the old drug, this indicates that the old drug works better than the new drug
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Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can be concluded about this experiment?
A)There are differences in weight loss among the groups.
B)There are no differences in weight loss among the groups.
C)One group was superior to the other groups in weight loss.
D)Two of the groups were better than the other groups in weight loss.
Q2) The degrees of freedom for the numerator (df<sub>1</sub>) is
A)3
B)28
C)31
D)1
Q3) The sum of squares total (SST) for this problem is
A)17,451.714
B)63,902.714
C)21.293
D)46,451.000
Q4) When an ANOVA is significant,
A)a multiple comparison test must be performed
B)an a posteriori test must be performed
C)a post hoc test must be performed
D)all of the above
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the sample problem in Chapter 10, which of the following is true?
A)The mean driving score for the 100-mg group was significantly greater than the placebo group.
B)The mean driving score for the 100-mg group was significantly less than the placebo group.
C)The mean driving score of the 100-mg group was not significantly different from the placebo group.
D)The 100-mg group statistically had the highest mean driving score.
Q2) What error degrees of freedom would be chosen in the appendix for Tukey's q value?
A)3
B)24
C)30 D)8
Q3) The value of r in Appendix F for Tukey's q values is
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)32
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sum of squares total (SST) for this problem is A)830,582.583
B)68,616.964
C)4,794.845
D)6,947,204.958
Q2) The sum of squares for treatments (SSB) for this problem is A)285,285.94
B)5,948,285.98
C)82,485.38
D)9,064.68
Q3) The correction for the mean (CM) for this problem is A)2,544,660.03
B)785,342.02
C)26,958.60
D)4,038.57
Q4) The degrees of freedom for SST are A)3
B)6
C)27
D)35
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Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The F value for fillings is
A)6.045
B)31.225
C)81.952
D)1.000
Q2) The degrees of freedom for drug levels are A)1
B)2
C)54
D)59
Q3) The error term sums of squares are
A)157.63
B)45.38
C)615.13
D)935.31
Q4) The sums of squares for the interaction are
A)45.38
B)615.13
C)935.31
D)157.63
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Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Q1) In a 3 × 5 factorial ANOVA, there will be ____ means in the interaction.
A)4
B)8
C)15
D)2
Q2) In an effect size analysis in a two-factor ANOVA for a main effect, k is equal to
A)the number of levels of the main effect
B)the number of levels times 2
C)the number of levels minus 2
D)the number of levels for the interaction
Q3) Because there are only two possible hypothesis testing outcomes (significant or not) and there are two main effects and an interaction in a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, then there are ____ possible outcomes.
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
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Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Q1) The SST is
A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
Q2) The df for SST is A)1
B)2
C)3
D)54
E)59
Q3) The SS for trials is
A)324.967
B)1936.033
C)116.033
D)64.067
E)68.467
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Q1) The degrees of freedom for this chi-square problem are A)1
B)2
C)5
D)200
Q2) The critical value of the chi-square for this problem at p = .05 is
A)2.71
B)3.84
C)5.41
D)6.64
Q3) The expected cell frequency for the people living after atherectomy is A)562.62
B)499.00
C)387
D)56.62
Q4) The degrees of freedom for this chi-square problem are A)1
B)2
C)5 D)200
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Canonical correlation comes closest to being a technique related to A)correlation
B)regression
C)factor analysis
D)all of the above
Q2) A true positive is defined as
A)a test result is positive, and the patient actually has the condition
B)a test is negative, and the patient actually has the condition
C)a test is positive, and the patient doesn't have the condition
D)a test is negative, and the patient doesn't have the condition
Q3) The number of new verified cases of a disease in a year is called
A)prevalence
B)incidence
C)likelihood
D)number of new cases
Q4) Which of the following is not true about MANCOVA?
A)handles more than one dependent variable
B)covaries one or more nuisance variables
C)handles one or more independent variables
D)covaries only one confounding variable but one or more nuisance variables
Page 18
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