Applied Statistics
Exam Review
Course Introduction
Applied Statistics focuses on the practical use of statistical methods to analyze and interpret data across various fields such as business, science, health, and social sciences. The course covers core topics including probability distributions, hypothesis testing, regression analysis, analysis of variance, and the design of experiments. Emphasizing the interpretation and communication of results, students learn to utilize statistical software to manage real-world data sets, draw meaningful conclusions, and make data-driven decisions. Through hands-on projects and case studies, the course equips students with essential analytical and problem-solving skills necessary for evidence-based practice in professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics A Gentle Introduction 3rd Edition by Frederick L. Coolidge
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16 Chapters
341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Gentle Introduction
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After a normative study of blood pressure in people older than age 50, the researchers realized that they did not record the people's ages.The lack of knowledge about their ages is considered a potential
A)confounding variable
B)dependent variable
C)independent variable
D)response variable
E)diagnostic variable
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following results in an abuse of statistical power?
A)too large a sample
B)too small a sample
C)a nonrandom sample
D)a correlative experimental design
E)all of the above
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Understanding
Distributions of Numbers
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A very pointed narrow frequency distribution graph is said to be
A)positively skewed
B)negatively skewed
C)leptokurtic
D)mesokurtic
E)platykurtic
Answer: C
Q2) In her bar graph presentation to the queen of England, Florence Nightingale controlled for which two rival hypotheses?
A)age and gender
B)age and ethnicity
C)age and war
D)health and conditions
E)war and gender
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central
Tendency and Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the mean (rounded to two decimal places) of the following set of first-time statistics students' ages: 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 29, 33, 64?
A)24.5
B)25
C)24.50
Answer: C
Q2) What is the median of the salaries (rounded to a whole number)?
A)82,000
B)81,111
C)88,000
D)14,864
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and
Hypothesis Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a person with an SAT quantitative score of 600, his or her z score would be
A)-1.00
B)0.00
C)1.00
D)2.00
Q2) Which of the following T scores has a z score of 0.00?
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)50
Q3) According to the z distribution, what proportion of SAT verbal scores falls between 400 and 500?
A).3413
B).2500
C).6826
D)-.3413
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Inferential Statistics:
Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the section "Trends, and Does God Really Love the .05 Level of Significance More Than the .06 Level?" Rosnow and Rosenthal have argued that the strength of evidence for or against a null hypothesis should be a fairly continuous function of the size of A)p (the significance level)
B)beta
C)the sample size
D)the size of the standard deviations for each group
Q2) The probability of committing the Type II error is also called ___________. A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)omega
Q3) Which of the following is more likely to end up being too sensitive to chance differences?
A)a nondirectional alternative hypothesis
B)a directional alternative hypothesis
C)a nondirectional research hypothesis
D)all of the above
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to Correlation and Regression
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To test for the significance of the phi correlation, one must use the ________________ distribution.
A)t
B)F
C)\(\chi\)<sup>2</sup> D)z
Q2) The ____________ correlation gives an estimate of the degree of relationship between two dichotomous variables.
A)Pearson
B)Spearman
C)point-biserial
D)phi
Q3) To test for the significance of a Pearson correlation, one must use the _______________ distribution.
A)t
B)F
C)\(\chi\)<sup>2</sup> D)z
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Chapter 7: The T Test for Independent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for this problem are
A)30
B)28
C)15
D)14
Q2) The derived t value (either + or -) for this problem is
A)0.708
B)0.378
C)0.333
D)0.05
Q3) The degrees of freedom for this problem are A)20
B)18
C)10
D)9
Q4) Are the mean percentages significantly different?
A)yes, at p < .05
B)yes, at p < .01
C)yes, at p < .001
D)no, at p > .05
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Chapter 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a name for the dependent t test?
A)repeated-measures t test
B)paired-samples t test
C)correlated t test
D)multiple t test
Q2) In statistical language, the results are significant at (and remember statisticians report the lowest p level possible)
A)p < .05
B)p < .01
C)p < .001
Q3) In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?
A)the new drug works better
B)the new drug works no better than the old drug
C)because the mean number of seizures was lower for the new drug, this indicates that it works better than the old drug
D)because the mean number of seizures was higher for the old drug, this indicates that the old drug works better than the new drug
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Chapter 9: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Completely Randomized Design
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived F value in ANOVA is a _______ of variances. A)collection
B)group
C)ratio D)matrix
Q2) The degrees of freedom for the numerator (df<sub>1</sub>) is
A)3
B)24
C)27
D)28
Q3) The problem with the original Bonferroni correction is that A)one is more likely to commit the Type I error
B)the probability of the Type II error increases dramatically
C)Type I and Type II errors increase dramatically
D)the power of the test is increased
Q4) The sum of squares between groups (SSB) for this problem is A)1150.75
B)436.75
C)1587.50
D)24.591
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Chapter 10: After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests
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16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A harmonic mean is used instead of the arithmetic mean when A)there are an unequal number of scores in each group
B)the scores are not harmonic
C)the standard deviations are unequal
D)the homogeneity of variance assumption has been violated
Q2) What error degrees of freedom would be chosen in the appendix for Tukey's q value?
A)3
B)24
C)30
D)8
Q3) Based on Tukey's HSD results, all but one of the following is true.Which is not a true statement?
A)The no-music condition produced the greatest sales.
B)The soft rock condition produced the second best sales.
C)There were no differences in sales between soft rock, classical, and jazz.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor
Repeated-Measures Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degrees of freedom for SSW are A)3
B)18 C)24 D)35
Q2) The sum of squares for treatments (SSB) for this problem is
A)285,285.94
B)5,948,285.98
C)82,485.38
D)9,064.68
Q3) The sum of squares for subjects (SSS) for this problem is A)48,598.087
B)9,852.485
C)57,207.714
D)739,884.557
Q4) The error term sum of squares (SSW) for this problem is
A)8,524,828.52
B)784,628.05
C)24,869.08
D)2,344.57
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely
Randomized Design
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The F value for fillings is
A)6.045
B)31.225
C)81.952
D)1.000
Q2) The degrees of freedom for fillings are
A)1
B)2
C)42
D)47
Q3) In the _______________ effects ANOVA design, the experimenter is interested in generalizing to other levels of the independent variable, and the levels of the independent variable are randomly chosen.
A)fixed
B)random
C)mixed
D)repeated-measures
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an effect size analysis in a two-factor ANOVA for a main effect, k is equal to
A)the number of levels of the main effect
B)the number of levels times 2
C)the number of levels minus 2
D)the number of levels for the interaction
Q2) The results of Tukey's test for the main effect of drug levels reveal that
A)short-term memory is not different between Cylert and Ritalin conditions, but both are better than the placebo
B)short-term memory is better for Cylert than the placebo or Ritalin
C)short-term memory for Ritalin is better than for Cylert or the placebo
D)short-term memory is poorer for Cylert and Ritalin than for the placebo
Q3) Which of the following is not true:
A)post hoc analyses of main effects are minimized or sometimes not conducted at all if the interaction is significant
B)a post hoc analysis is not required of a significant main effect whose df = 1
C)a post hoc analysis is not required of a significant main effect whose df = 2
D)a post hoc analysis is not required of a nonsignificant interaction
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Factorial Anova: Additional Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The df for the trials main effect is A)1
B)2 C)3
D)24 E)29
Q2) The df for the sessions factor is A)1 B)2 C)3 D)54 E)59
Q3) The SS for the awareness factor is A)1540.267
B)273.067
C)10.033
D)9.033
E)463.733
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Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The derived chi-square value for this problem is
A)3.94
B)1.09
C)5.69
D)6.09
Q2) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)a greater percentage of men than women married for love
B)a greater percentage of women than men married for love
C)more women married for love
D)more men married for money
Q3) The conclusion for this problem would be
A)an atherectomy is significantly more dangerous than a balloon angioplasty
B)a balloon angioplasty is significantly more dangerous than an atherectomy
C)an atherectomy is not significantly more dangerous than a balloon angioplasty
D)there is an insignificant difference between a balloon angioplasty and an atherectomy
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17
Chapter 16: Other Statistical Parameters and Tests
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about a multivariate analysis of variance?
A)one or more independent variables, one or more dependent variables
B)two or more independent variables, with one or more levels of each independent variable
C)one or more independent variables, two or more dependent variables
D)all of the above are true
Q2) A true negative is defined as
A)a test result is positive, and the patient actually has the condition
B)a test is negative, and the patient actually has the condition
C)a test is positive, and the patient doesn't have the condition
D)a test is negative, and the patient doesn't have the condition
Q3) Which of the following is not true of ANCOVA?
A)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables
B)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables on the independent variable
C)covaries the effect of one or more nuisance variables on the dependent variable
D)covaries the effect of one or more confounding variables
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