Course Introduction
Applied Social Research Test Questions
Applied Social Research explores the practical methodologies and techniques used in investigating social phenomena, focusing on the design, implementation, and analysis of research projects that address real-world social issues. Students will learn how to formulate research questions, select appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods, collect and interpret data, and critically assess ethical considerations involved in social research. The course emphasizes the application of findings to inform policy, improve practices, and contribute to meaningful social change across various settings including communities, organizations, and public institutions.
Recommended Textbook
Basics of Social Research Fourth Canadian Edition by W. Lawrence Neuman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Doing Social Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the following:content analysis
Answer: Research in which one examines patterns of symbolic meaning within written text,audio,visual,or other communication media.
Q2) All of the following characterize exploratory research,EXCEPT which one?
A)Exploratory research has few guidelines to follow.
B)Exploratory research illuminates understudied areas.
C)Exploratory research rarely yields definitive answers.
D)Exploratory research tends to be qualitative.
E)Exploratory research documents causes,tests theories,and provides reasons.
Answer: E
Q3) Define the following:exploratory research
Answer: Research in which a researcher examines a new area to formulate precise questions that future research can address.
Q4) Define the following:cross-sectional research
Answer: Research in which a researcher examines a single point in time or takes a one-time snapshot approach.
Q5) Define the following:quantitative data
Answer: Empirical evidence in the form of numbers.
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Chapter 2: Theory and Social Research
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Q1) Which of the two major paradigms of social science holds that human life is based less on objective reality than on the ideas,beliefs,and perceptions people hold about reality?
A)Positivism
B)Interpretative social science
C)Critical social science
D)All of the above
E)None of the above
Answer: B
Q2) How do prediction and theoretical explanation differ?
Answer: A prediction is a statement about something that is likely to occur in the future. A theoretical explanation is a logical argument that tells why something occurs and how concepts are connected.It refers to a general rule or principle. It is easier to predict than to explain,and an explanation has more logical power than a prediction because good explanations also predict.An explanation rarely predicts more than one outcome,but the same outcome may be predicted by opposing explanations.
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Social Research
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Q1) Which of the following is not a form of scientific misconduct?
A)Falsification of data
B)Significant,unjustified departures from generally accepted scientific practices
C)Plagiarism
D)Deceiving participants
E)Distorting methods of data collection
Answer: E
Q2) Why is there a special concern with anonymity and confidentiality when a researcher studies "captive" populations like prisoners?
A)Gatekeepers,or those in positions of authority,may restrict access unless they receive information on subjects.
B)Pseudonyms or false names cannot be used for prisoners.
C)Researchers are legally obligated to tell the police about what they have learned from the subjects.
D)All of the above are reasons for special concern.
E)None of the above are reasons for special concern.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Reviewing the Scholarly Literature and Planning a Study
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organize and format the following information into an ASR style citation.
Title: The ABCs of ASR: A guide to the ASR referencing style
Journal name: Canadian Review of Sociology
Volume number: 8
Author: John Smith
Year of publication: 2014
Issue number: 3
Page numbers: 279-306
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between ASR and APA style in-text citations for paraphrased information?
A)APA separates year of publication and page number(s)with a colon,while ASR uses a comma.
B)ASR indicates page number with a “p.,”while APA does not.
C)ASR italicizes authors’last names,while APA does not.
D)APA specifies year of publication,while ASR does not.
E)ASR separates authors’last names and year of publication with a comma,while APA does not.
Q3) Define the following:readers
Q4) Define the following:popularized social science magazines
Q5) Define the following:literature review
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Chapter 5: Designing a Study
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the following:dependent variable
Q2) Prime Minister Harper stated that an individual's political orientation has an effect on that individual's stand on the legalization of marijuana issue."Political orientation" was used as his
A)independent variable.
B)dependent variable.
C)unit of analysis.
D)aggregate.
E)attribute.
Q3) Define the following:interpretation
Q4) Researchers rarely explicitly define their levels and units of analysis.Nevertheless,it is important to distinguish between the two.Define "levels" of analysis,list the levels of analysis,and provide examples of what they might encompass.Likewise,define units of analysis and provide some examples of common units of analysis in sociological research.
Q5) Define the following:attributes
Q6) Define the following:nonlinear research path
Q7) Define the following:tautology
Q8) Define the following:intervening variable
Q9) Define the following:independent variable
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Chapter 6: Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement
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Q1) Define the following:empirical hypothesis
Q2) Which of the following lists contains all variables?
A)Female,Catholic,educational level
B)Accountant,professor,carpenter
C)Occupation,number of children,rate of divorce
D)21 years old,married,middle class
E)Frequency of attending religious services,Chinese ethnicity,farmer
Q3) Dr.Aaron Adamson uses telephone surveys to measure life satisfaction across Canada.When Dr.Adamson and his research assistants phone participants,they ask them to report responses to questions by indicating whether they "strongly agree," "agree," "strongly disagree," or "disagree." Which of the following is he using?
A)Standard scale
B)An index
C)Graphic rating scale
D)Likert scale
E)None of the above
Q4) Define the following:conceptual definition
Q5) How do qualitative and quantitative ideas about validity differ?
Q6) Define the following:standardization
Q7) Define the following:discrete variables
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Chapter 7: Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling
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Q1) Lucy Lively,a coffee aficionado,wanted to draw a sample of people in Ontario who own an authentic,imported Italian espresso coffee maker.There is no list of such people,and there is no reason to believe that they know each other.What type of sampling should Lucy use?
A)Selective case sampling
B)Snowball sampling
C)Simple random sampling
D)Purposive sampling
E)Quota case sampling
Q2) Define the following:sampling distribution of sample means
Q3) The Toronto Fire Department has hired you to generate an accurate estimate of how many homes have operational fire prevention systems.The Chief Fire Inspector gave you a list of two million residential telephone customers in the city.You sampled every two-thousandth address on the list.You survey each sampled household by telephone. How large is your sample?
A)500
B)1000
C)1500
D)2000
E)2500
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Chapter 8: Survey Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the following:quasi-filter question
Q2) Define the following:social desirability bias
Q3) Which one of the following types of surveys will yield the quickest results?
A)The telephone interview
B)The mail questionnaire
C)The face-to-face interview
D)The web survey
E)The computer-assisted interview
Q4) Define the following:floaters
Q5) What are some important points to consider when organizing the physical layout of a questionnaire?
Q6) Survey respondents are most likely to under-report
A)owning a library card.
B)seeing a psychologist about depression.
C)contributing money to a religious organization.
D)voting in a recent election.
E)attending a night class at a local university.
Q7) Define the following:context effect
Q8) Define the following:survey research
Q9) Define the following:wording effects
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Experimental Research
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Questions
Q1) Professor Mike Michaelson just finished a study that used a traditional experimental research design and was based on a sample of students from his introductory psychology class.Despite the fact that his article was published in a leading psychology journal,his colleagues criticized his study as just another example of research termed "science of the sophomore." What specifically was Professor Michaelson apparently guilty of?
A)His research was biased because he used a sample that was known to him.
B)Professor Michaelson used deception in his research.
C)His study lacked generalizability.
D)His study lacked empirical data.
E)Given that he used his psychology class as his sample,his study would have lacked a control group.
Q2) Define the following:interrupted time series
Q3) Define the following:experimenter expectancy
Q4) Define the following:post-test
Q5) Define the following:static group comparison
Q6) Diagram the design notation for a classical experimental design.What do each of the symbols represent?
Q7) Define the following:mortality effect
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Q8) Define the following:maturation effect
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Chapter 10: Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis
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Q1) Define the following:recording sheet
Q2) Where do researchers keep notes or tallies of what has been coded in content analyses?
A)Coding frame
B)Coding manifest
C)Coding system
D)Recording sheet
E)Coding space
Q3) Describe the logic of nonreactive or unobtrusive measurement and provide three examples of nonreactive measures (empirical evidence).
Q4) Define the following:reactive
Q5) What can be observed in nonreactive research projects?
A)External appearances
B)Intentions
C)Time duration
D)A and B
E)A and C
Q6) Define the following:space
Q7) Define the following:social indicator
Q8) Define the following:accretion measures
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Quantitative Data
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Q1) Define the following:statistical significance
Q2) Define the following:partials
Q3) Define the following:Type II error
Q4) Calculate the median for the following six shoe sizes: 9,10,10,8,12,11.
A)8
B)8.5
C)9
D)9.5
E)10
Q5) Define the following:multimodal
Q6) Define the following:correlation
Q7) Define the following:multiple regression
Q8) Define the following:mode
Q9) Define the following:range
Q10) Which neighbourhood(s)has the greatest differences in family income?
A)Glenbrook
B)Meadowbrook
C)Elmbrook
D)Glenbrook and Elmbrook
E)Meadowbrook and Elmbrook
Page 16
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Chapter 12: Qualitative Interviewing
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Q1) Professor Simon Salamander listens to the interview recordings from his participants and decides that he only wants to transcribe the parts that are most relevant to his research questions.Professor Salamander is engaging in
A)manipulation of the data.
B)selective transcription.
C)truncated transcription.
D)structured transcription.
E)Kvale questioning.
Q2) List five of the ten differences between typical survey interviews and typical qualitative interviews.
Q3) Which of the following terms is NOT relevant for qualitative interviews?
A)In-depth interviews
B)Informal interviews
C)Structured interviews
D)Open-ended interviews
E)Ethnographic interviews
Q4) Describe five features of the qualitative interview that make it different from a normal everyday conversation.
Q5) Define the following:incentive
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Chapter 13: Field Research
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Q1) Define the following:normalize social research
Q2) Define the following:naturalism
Q3) Ethnography is often considered a ________ rather than a ________.
A)method;methodology
B)methodology;method
C)technique;method
D)general theoretical orientation;specific theoretical orientation
E)method;technique
Q4) In the field,__________ are digressions into theory that researchers in the field use to elaborate ideas in depth,while __________ are detailed notes about concrete events that are written in a way that permits multiple interpretations later.
A)researcher inference notes;jotted notes
B)researcher inference notes;personal notes
C)personal notes;researcher inference notes
D)direct observation notes;analytical memos
E)analytical memos;direct observation notes
Q5) Define the following:reflexivity
Q6) What three factors are relevant when choosing a field site? Which of these three factors are most applicable to the beginner field researcher? Why?
Page 19
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Chapter 14: Nonreactive Qualitative Research
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Q1) Define the following:internal criticism
Q2) Define the following:historiography
Q3) Define the following:contextual equivalence
Q4) In relation to primary sources,what two criteria does a historical researcher use in order to evaluate documents and other sources? Briefly describe this evaluation process and the kinds of issues that each mode of evaluation is concerned with.
Q5) Define the following:post facto explanations
Q6) Define the following:secondary sources
Q7) Define the following:discourse analysis
Q8) Students often use the labels "qualitative content analysis" and "discourse analysis" interchangeably,but they pertain to distinct practices.What is discourse analysis and what makes it unique?
Q9) Describe five features that are specific and unique to historical research.
Q10) Describe five specific similarities between historical research and field studies.Be certain to emphasize how both approaches are firmly grounded in the interpretive approach in social science research.
Q11) Define the following:equivalence
Q12) Define the following:external criticism Page 20
Q13) Define the following:running records
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Chapter 15: Analysis of Qualitative Data
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Q1) Define the following:open coding
Q2) Define the following:concept map
Q3) Explain the process of concept formation in qualitative data research.What role or function do concepts play in qualitative research?
Q4) Compare the key differences that set qualitative data analysis apart from quantitative data analysis.What four features differentiate these two approaches? Identify and briefly describe each one.
Q5) Define the following:qualitative coding
Q6) After formulating concepts,qualitative researchers link them together.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of links qualitative researchers make between concepts?
A)Sequences
B)Correlations
C)Oppositional sets
D)Similar categories woven into statements
E)None of the above
Q7) Define the following:axial coding
Q8) Define the following:infer
Q9) Define the following:flowchart
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Chapter 16: Combining Methods in Social Science Research
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Q1) Define the following:mixed methods
Q2) What is one of the major disadvantages of using focus groups compared to other qualitative forms of data collection?
A)There is always the problem of the “interviewer effect.”
B)There is always the problem of the “polarization effect.”
C)Accessing some individuals or groups may prove to very difficult.
D)The sources may be biased.
E)A fairly limited range of research questions can be addressed with this technique.
Q3) For which type of quantitative social science research is the "interview(er)effect" most likely to be a problem?
A)Survey research
B)Nonreactive research
C)Qualitative interviewing
D)Quantitative content analysis
E)Field studies
Q4) Discuss the kinds of decisions a researcher must make in terms of sequential and concurrent data collection and analysis when designing a mixed methods study.What procedures must be followed?
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