Applied Social Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Applied Social Psychology explores how principles and theories of social psychology are used to address real-world issues and improve individual and collective well-being. The course examines topics such as attitude change, persuasion, social influence, prejudice reduction, group processes, and behavioral interventions in contexts like health, environment, education, and the workplace. Students will analyze case studies, evaluate intervention effectiveness, and develop skills to design and assess strategies for tackling social challenges, integrating research findings with practical application to promote positive change in society.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 5th Edition by Tom Gilovich
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17 Chapters
1135 Verified Questions
1135 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two aspects of behavior that appear to be universal,meaning that they are common across many different cultures.Why,according to the evolutionary perspective,would different cultures manifest these commonalities?
Answer: Several answers are acceptable,including group living,theory of mind,gender roles,and those listed in Table 1.1 in the text.According to the evolutionary perspective,in the process of evolution,humans acquired these behavioral propensities because they helped us adapt to the physical and social environment,and,therefore,became ingrained in human genetic material.
Q2) What is the "field of forces" that Kurt Lewin emphasized in understanding human behavior?
A) personal attributes
B) social situations
C) underlying genetics
D) biological factors
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Methods of Social Psychology
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Q1) When random sampling is used,it means that
A) participants are equally likely to be assigned to one condition or another.
B) every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
C) some members of a population are more likely than others to be selected.
D) participants are assigned to different conditions based on a particular trait or variable.
Answer: B
Q2) ________ is the tendency to believe you could have predicted an outcome accurately,when in reality you probably could not have.
A) The prediction bias
B) The hindsight bias
C) External validity
D) Internal validity
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is the best example of observational research?
A) living with a group of people and observing their behavior
B) reviewing historical records to find trends in behavior patterns
C) examining the relationship between two variables
D) recording participants' responses on questionnaires
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Q1) Bill has an older brother named Dan.Both Bill and Dan are physics professors.According to Frank Sulloway's research on the effects of birth order,Bill should
A) conduct more research.
B) be more demanding of his students.
C) be more open to "off-the-wall" or "revolutionary" theories.
D) be more physically attractive.
Answer: C
Q2) That we often see ourselves as better,stronger,or faster than we really are best reflects
A) the better-than-average effect.
B) positive illusions.
C) self-affirmation.
D) self-verification.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About
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Q1) ________ is the study of how people think about the social world and arrive at judgments that help them interpret the past,understand the present,and predict the future.
A) Social cognition
B) Social psychology
C) Cognitive psychology
D) Sociology
Q2) Imagine you are part of a marketing team designing an ad campaign for an expensive new sneaker.Define spin framing and then design an ad for the sneaker using this approach.
Q3) Hedwig just met her friend's new boyfriend,and her initial impression wasn't positive.He was so reserved; he barely talked at all.Hedwig then spends some time and energy thinking about all of the good things her friend has told her about him,and considers the fact that sometimes it takes a little while to feel comfortable around new people.She decides he is probably cool after all.In forming this new,positive impression of the boyfriend,Hedwig relied on
A) the rational system.
B) the intuitive system.
C) top-down processing.
D) schema-driven processing.
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Chapter 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Defend the position that the self-serving attributional bias is NOT always based on the motivation to maintain self-esteem.
Q2) Recall that Dan Gilbert studied why people tend to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors.According to his theoretical framework,this pattern of attribution occurs because people tend to
A) consider a person's behavior and the situation simultaneously.
B) be emotionally invested in explaining others' behaviors in terms of stable personal characteristics.
C) make initial dispositional inferences without later adjusting them on the basis of situational information.
D) have difficulty identifying what other people's behaviors signify.
Q3) The just world hypothesis,believing that good things happen to good people,is used to explain which psychological phenomenon?
A) the fundamental attribution error
B) the covariation principle
C) the augmentation principle
D) the cultural priming effect
Q4) Compare and contrast the discounting and augmentation principles.
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Chapter 6: Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on affective forecasting suggests that people tend to
A) overestimate the emotional impact of negative life events.
B) underestimate the emotional impact of negative life events.
C) be accurate at predicting the emotional impact of negative life events.
D) be overly optimistic about their abilities to cope with negative life events.
Q2) Which hormone promotes closeness and commitment?
A) estrogen
B) oxytocin
C) testosterone
D) serotonin
Q3) Ana just watched a scary movie by herself and is feeling afraid.As she is getting into bed after the movie,Ana hears a sound on her roof and jumps up.She thinks someone must be trying to break in.Ana's experience demonstrates how emotions can exert a powerful influence on
A) moral judgments.
B) relationships.
C) reasoning.
D) perception.
Q4) Describe two effects of emotion on perception that have been documented through research.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization
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Q1) Molly knows the history of her home city of Philadelphia.There are three landmarks downtown that she always shows to friends who visit.This knowledge of Philadelphia is the ________ component of her attitude toward her city.
A) cognitive
B) affective
C) behavioral
D) knowledge
Q2) Although Quan believes that child safety is important,he often forgets to use a car seat when taking his toddler to day care.What does this best illustrate about the relationship between attitudes and behavior?
A) Attitudes are sometimes poor predictors of behavior.
B) Attitudes and behavior are sometimes balanced.
C) Sometimes behavior is a good predictor of attitudes.
D) Attitudes often prime behavior.
Q3) Suppose your friend asks you for advice on how she can encourage her son to clean his room regularly.Generate a plan,based on the principle of insufficient justification,to get her son to clean his room more often.How can she avoid the overjustification effect?
Q4) Define attitude and describe the components of an attitude.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Persuasion
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Q1) Jason conducted an experiment in which participants were shown (a)three news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit; (b)six news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit; or (c)no news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit.According to research on agenda control,Jason should expect that participants who read ________ news stories dealing with the deficit should be ________ likely to cite the deficit as one of the most important problems facing the country.
A) six; least B) six; most C) three; most D) no; most
Q2) Describe a real or imagined situation in which public commitments increase resistance to persuasion,and explain why public commitments have this effect.
Q3) The self-validation hypothesis states that
A) feeling confident about one's thoughts serves as a form of validation.
B) when a person's self-esteem is validated, he or she is more easily persuaded.
C) when a person's self-esteem is validated, he or she is less easily persuaded.
D) constructively questioning one's thoughts serves as a form of validation.
Q4) Define metacognition and describe how it influences persuasion.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The results of the Milgram experiments are less surprising to us when we consider the A) stepwise nature of the experimenter's commands.
B) participants' attempts to terminate the experiment.
C) participants' ability to view the experimenter as responsible for their actions.
D) All of the answer options are correct.
Q2) The foot-in-the-door studies and the Milgram studies are similar in that they both A) asked people to comply with a small, relatively unobjectionable action at first. B) needed to use authority figures to induce compliance.
C) involved a reduction in stress.
D) asked people to comply with large, objectionable actions right off the bat.
Q3) Describe how participants' construal of the social context in the Asch experiment could have led to greater conformity than what could be expected to occur in everyday life.
Q4) Describe three specific strategies people could use to resist social influence in a situation where they have a minority opinion.
Q5) Describe the phenomenon of automatic mimicry and give two reasons why it occurs.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neuroimaging studies have found that a person who is in the throes of intense love and looks at a photograph of his or her partner will show increased activation in the ________ and deactivation in the ________.
A) amygdala (threat); ventral striatum (reward)
B) ventral striatum (reward); amygdala (threat)
C) amygdala (threat); hippocampus (memory)
D) ventral striatum (reward); hippocampus (memory)
Q2) Infants characterized as securely attached in Ainsworth's strange situation paradigm tended to
A) comfortably explore a novel environment.
B) prefer to stay in close contact with their caregivers.
C) show no distress when their caregivers left the room.
D) reject attention from their caregivers.
Q3) According to the textbook,love can be broken down into three broad categories.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories discussed in the text?
A) compassionate
B) romantic
C) companionate
D) fatuous
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recall that one study asked prejudiced and unprejudiced white participants to evaluate black and white college applicants (identified by photos attached to their applications)whose qualifications varied.What did this study show?
A) Both prejudiced and unprejudiced participants rated black applicants with excellent qualifications less favorably than white applicants with excellent qualifications.
B) When the applicants had mixed qualifications (that is, they excelled at some things and did not excel at others), prejudiced participants rated the black applicants less favorably than the unprejudiced participants.
C) Even when the applicants had excellent qualifications, prejudiced participants rated the white applicants more favorably than they rated the black applicants.
D) Prejudiced and unprejudiced participants did not differ in their ratings of white and black applicants, regardless of applicants' qualifications.
Q2) Evaluate the claim that racial diversity is sufficient to create positive intergroup relations.What conditions are necessary for contact between diverse groups to be beneficial?
Q3) Give an example of the outgroup homogeneity effect and explain why it occurs.
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Chapter 12: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evan is inclined to support the pro-choice position on abortion.He used to talk about abortion with a wide range of friends with different views.Then he stumbled on an Internet bulletin board that is visited almost exclusively by people who are pro-choice.After this happened,he restricted his discussions on abortion with the other bulletin board members.According to social psychological research,Evan's attitude toward abortion is likely to become more A) heterogeneous.
B) ambivalent.
C) extreme.
D) moderate.
Q2) Recall that Zajonc and colleagues (1969)placed cockroaches in either a complex maze or a simple maze.They created three other conditions as well.Any given cockroach was induced to navigate the maze (a)entirely alone; (b)in the presence of an "audience" of cockroaches; or (c)simultaneously with another cockroach (but without an audience).The audience condition (b)permitted Zajonc to demonstrate whether A) audiences pay attention to competitors.
B) the mere presence of others can facilitate or hinder performance.
C) complex tasks are performed less well than simple tasks.
D) competitive situations are preferred over solitary situations.
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Chapter 13: Aggression
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Q1) Sanday (1981,1997)investigated the connection between sexual attitudes and the prevalence of rape in the cultures that she studied.Which of the following statements best summarizes her findings?
A) Sexually repressed cultures had more incidents of rape overall.
B) Cultures with taboos against premarital sex had more incidents of rape.
C) Sexually repressed cultures had more incidents of rape among young people.
D) There was no connection between sexual repression and the prevalence of rape.
Q2) Research suggests that parents are more likely to talk about emotions with girls than with boys,which may cultivate greater empathy in women.This supports the ________ theory that men are ________ into being more physically aggressive.
A) cultural; forced
B) evolutionary; socialized
C) cultural; socialized
D) emotion-based; nurtured
Q3) Compare and contrast the evolutionary and the cultural theoretical approaches to explaining gender differences in aggression.
Q4) Distinguish between hostile and instrumental aggression and provide one example for each.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Altruism and Cooperation
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Q1) In one study,Batson and his colleagues (1983,1991)manipulated whether participants were feeling more or less empathic when evaluating another person,and then they asked participants if they would help the person in the future.Some participants thought that both the experimenter and the person needing help knew their decisions (i.e.,helping was made public),but other participants thought that their responses were anonymous.The results showed that
A) when helping was made public, low-empathy participants helped just as much as high-empathy participants.
B) low-empathy participants helped more when helping was public, but high-empathy participants helped more when helping was anonymous.
C) high-empathy participants helped more than low-empathy participants, even when helping was anonymous.
D) low empathy participants said they would help more when the helping was public, but they did not follow through on their promises.
Q2) How do upper- and lower-class individuals differ when it comes to empathy and altruism,and what accounts for this difference?
Q3) Give an example of how construal processes can influence cooperation.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how rumination may contribute to chronic stress and then describe one way that rumination can be reduced.
Q2) Glenda was recently placed in a nursing home,and her physical health has been gradually deteriorating.Accordingly to the textbook,which of the following would be most likely to improve her health?
A) having the staff ensure that she is pampered
B) encouraging her to conserve her strength by resting
C) allowing her a greater sense of control
D) reducing stress by minimizing the amount of time visitors can stay
Q3) Some patients in a nursing home were given opportunities that increased their sense of control.Compared with nursing home patients who did not have these same opportunities,those with an increased sense of control
A) showed improvement in overall functioning.
B) were more likely to refuse opportunities to participate in group activities.
C) showed reduced happiness.
D) showed a decline in physical health.
Q4) Describe research that supports the role of perceived control in promoting good physical health.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the effects of teacher expectations on student performance is accurate?
A) Teacher expectation effects are strongest for older students and weakest for first and second graders.
B) Teacher expectation effects are strongest when manipulated later in the school year.
C) There is no evidence for teacher expectation effects.
D) Teacher expectation effects are large for lower-achieving, lower-SES, and African-American students.
Q2) Entertainment-education is based on the work of the learning theorist
A) B. F. Skinner.
B) Nathan Aaronson.
C) Albert Bandura.
D) Philip Zimbardo.
Q3) Drawing on research described in the textbook,evaluate the claim that teacher expectations influence student performance.What study designs provide the most rigorous test of this hypothesis? For what groups of students is the influence of teacher expectations likely to be strongest?
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law
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Q1) Daniel is a district judge driven by the deterrence motive.What type of punishment is Daniel likely to favor in sentencing a defendant for a drug-related crime?
A) incarcerating the defendant to avenge his immoral behavior
B) placing the defendant in a rehabilitation program so he does not commit the crime again
C) fining the defendant an amount commensurate with the crime
D) letting the defendant off easy so he will have favorable feelings toward the justice system
Q2) Social scientists have differentiated two motives that determine preferences for different kinds of punishment.These motives are
A) just desserts and deterrence.
B) deterrence and punitive.
C) compensatory and punitive.
D) just desserts and eye-for-an-eye.
Q3) Challenge the idea that eyewitness testimony is accurate and reliable and describe two research findings that support your argument.
Q4) Describe the three components that contribute to one's sense of procedural justice and provide an example of each.
Page 19
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