Applied Research in Psychology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Research in Psychology explores the principles and methodologies used to investigate real-world psychological issues. This course centers on the design, implementation, and analysis of research aimed at solving practical problems across diverse settings such as clinical, organizational, educational, and community environments. Students will learn to formulate research questions, employ quantitative and qualitative methods, interpret data, and critically evaluate the ethical considerations involved in conducting applied research. Emphasis is placed on translating psychological theory into actionable interventions and on communicating findings to stakeholders, thereby bridging the gap between research and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Research Methods in Psychology Evaluating a World of Information 2nd Edition by Beth Morling
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2
Chapter 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,the bridge between basic and applied research is known as:
A)Empirical research
B)Practical research
C)Translational research
D)Compound research
Answer: C
Q2) What are the three components of a good theory?
Answer: Students should state the three components (falsifiable,supported by data,and parsimonious).
Q3) Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
A)Administering an anxiety questionnaire
B)Applying a new therapy technique
C)Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
D)Undergoing a brain scan
Answer: A
Q4) Name three types of research data or information that people are exposed to every day,even if they are not psychologists.
Answer: Several answers are acceptable,including political polling data,websites (e.g. ,WebMD),advice columns in newspapers and magazines.
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Chapter 2: Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression.He has given the drug to all his patients and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms.Although this is interesting,his experience is limited because he does not have a:
A)Reliable way to measure depressive symptoms
B)Comparison group that did not receive the drug
C)Hypothesis
D)Psychotherapy to supplement the drug
Answer: B
Q2) When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which section should you read first?
A)Abstract
B)Introduction
C)Method
D)Discussion
Answer: A
Q3) Name the six basic sections of an empirical journal article.
Answer: The six basic sections of an empirical journal article are the abstract,the introduction,the Method,the Results,the Discussion,and the References.
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Chapter 3: Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools
for Consumers of Research
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Q1) Which of the following is the independent variable in Dr.Kang's study?
A)The length of the distractor task
B)The number of words remembered
C)The emotional or neutral word list
D)The number of words on the list
Answer: C
Q2) Dr.Kang can make a causal claim that "emotion enhances memory" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A)He used a large number of participants
B)There is a numeric difference between Groups A and B
C)Reading the words occurred before recalling the words
D)Dr.Kang treated Groups A and B identically except for the emotional word content
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following makes Dr.Kang's study an experiment?
A)Dr.Kang manipulated one variable and measured another.
B)Dr.Kang used a distractor task.
C)The study was conducted at a university.
D)The study was conducted by a professor.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research
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Q1) Dr.Kline suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school and college students,who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep deprivation.Given this information,what type of participants should Dr.Kline recruit for his study?
A)People with a history of sleep deprivation
B)Children from a local daycare center
C)Students from a community college
D)Patients from Dr.Kline's clinical psychology practice
Q2) As a psychologist who primarily does research,Dr.Kline is most concerned with which APA standard of ethics?
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
Q3) What is plagiarism? Explain why plagiarism is an ethical violation.
Q4) What are the three primary arguments provided in favor of animal research?
Q5) State the three principles of the Belmont Report and explain how the Tuskegee Study violated each of them.
Q6) What are the two issues that need to be balanced in conducting ethical research?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Identifying Good Measurement
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Q1) Name the three types of reliability and the four types of validity.
Q2) For his research methods class,Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD.He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated.This is an example of what type of measurement?
A)Self-report measurement
B)Observational measurement
C)Physiological measurement
D)Archival measurement
Q3) To test his measure,Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA)and another group of people in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group.This procedure is known as a:
A)Test-retest paradigm
B)Known-groups paradigm
C)Prediction paradigm
D)Group evaluation paradigm
Q4) Explain why many people feel that physiological measurements are the best way to operationalize a variable but why they may not,in fact,be the best.
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Chapter 6: Surveys and Observations: Describing What
People Do
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is Dr.Ewell likely to give his research assistants to prevent observer bias?
A)A video camera
B)A developmental psychology textbook
C)A codebook
D)Binoculars
Q2) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using open-ended questions?
A)The answers provided are often spontaneous.
B)The answers are unscientific.
C)The answers must be coded.
D)The answers are not taken seriously by participants.
Q3) Why would most psychologists have no problem with the ethics of Dr.Ewell's study?
A)His research topic is interesting.
B)People in a public park do not expect their behavior to be private.
C)Research with children is generally not risky.
D)Observing children is the only way to collect data about this topic.
Q4) Explain why socially desirable responding happens.Name one way to decrease the likelihood of its occurrence.
Q5) What is an advantage of open-ended questions? What is a disadvantage?
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Chapter 7: Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of
Behaviors and Beliefs
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Q1) Which of the following is true of probability sampling?
A)It is the best way to obtain a representative sample.
B)It is the same as random assignment.
C)It results in larger samples than nonprobability sampling.
D)It should be used when external validity is not the goal of the study.
Q2) Imagine that Dr.Parrett wants to use a nonrepresentative sampling technique.Name the three types of nonprobability sampling and explain how each one could be used by Dr.Parrett.
Q3) What is the population of interest in Dr.Parrett's study? Will he be collecting a sample or conducting a census? Why does he need to be concerned with external validity/representativeness?
Q4) What is the difference between a cluster technique and a multistage technique?
Explain why Dr.Parrett would be advised to use a cluster or a multistage technique rather than a simple random sample.
Q5) In the above scenario,what is Dr.Kramer's likely population of interest?
A)All students at the university
B)All psychology majors
C)All students he is currently teaching
D)All students in his Psychology and Law course
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Chapter 8: Bivariate Correlational Research
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Q1) When evaluating the external validity of an association claim,which of the following is the most important issue to consider?
A)The way the sample was selected from the population
B)The size of the sample
C)The number of subgroups
D)The size of the original population
Q2) If a there is not a full range of scores on one of the variables,this is known as ________.
A)Spurious data
B)An outlier effect
C)Restriction of range
D)Null effect
Q3) Dr.Oswald realizes that the women in her study have more friends than the men in her study.This might result in which of the following?
A)Outliers due to subgroups
B)Larger effect sizes
C)More measured variables
D)Spurious associations due to subgroups
Q4) Draw a scatterplot for the three associations found by Dr.Moynihan.
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Chapter 9: Multivariate Correlational Research
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Q1) For Dr.Farah to make the claim that homework causes academic achievement,which correlation does she predict will NOT be significant?
A)Correlation 1
B)Correlation 2
C)Correlation 3
D)Correlation 4
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a predictor variable in Dr.Sparrow's study?
A)Marital satisfaction
B)Life satisfaction
C)Income
D)Number of arguments
Q3) List the predictor and dependent/criterion variables in Dr.Nguyen's study.
Q4) Which of the correlations is an autocorrelation?
A)Correlation 1
B)Correlation2
C)Correlation 4
D)Correlation 6
Q5) Using Dr.Uchida's study,explain the steps he would go through to examine whether there was support for his mediation hypothesis.
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Chapter 10: Introduction to Simple Experiments
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Q1) The ability for a study to reveal a statistically significant difference between the levels of an independent variable when one truly exists is known as:
A)Covariance
B)Power
C)Effect size
D)Statistical validity
Q2) Name three advantages of within-groups designs.
Q3) Dr.Lonsbary's study asked participants to report on their mood before completing the memory test.Her decision to include this step was done to address the study's:
A)External validity
B)Statistical validity
C)Internal validity
D)Construct validity
Q4) When conducting an experiment,what is provided by the independent variable?
A)A comparison group
B)Random assignment
C)Proof of temporal precedence
D)Confirmation of internal validity
Q5) Explain why Dr.Phillips cannot conduct a within-groups design.
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Chapter 11: More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables
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Q1) To be a history threat,the external event must occur:
A)Constantly during the experiment
B)At the beginning of the experiment
C)Systematically,affecting most members of the group
D)Intentionally,affecting most members of the group
Q2) Which of the following studies would NOT have a possible threat of observer bias?
A)A study looking at the relationship between the frequency of eating fruits and vegetables and general physical fitness
B)A study looking at the relationship between college GPA and SAT scores
C)A study looking at the number of hours spent listening to music and singing ability
D)A study looking at the rate of text messaging in a day and writing/English composition skill
Q3) The study described above is an example of which of the following?
A)A one-group,pretest/posttest design
B)A null effect
C)A double-blind study
D)Observer bias
Q4) Provide three reasons why Armand's study may have resulted in null effects.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Experiments With More Than One Independent
Variable
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Q1) What does the author of your textbook mean when she writes,"we don't live in a main effect world"?
A)She means that psychologists do not like to examine main effects.
B)She means that main effects are not important.
C)She means that interactions are common in everyday life.
D)She means that studies that produce interactions are the only studies worth conducting.
Q2) What are the two main reasons to conduct a factorial study?
A)To increase internal validity and to establish external validity
B)To compare participant variables and to establish covariance
C)To find moderators and to find mediators
D)To test limits and to test theories
Q3) Imagine that you are reading a journal article and you see the following sentence: "The study used a 2×2×4 design." Where are you likely to have encountered this sentence?
A)The introduction
B)The Method section
C)The Results section
D)The Discussion section
Q4) State the three types of factorial designs.
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Chapter 13: Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs
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Q1) Explain why quasi-experiments offer a trade-off between internal validity and external validity.
Q2) In small-N designs,each participant is treated:
A)With multiple interventions
B)By a clinical psychologist
C)As a data point
D)As a separate experiment
Q3) Which of the following is a within-groups quasi-experimental design?
A)Interrupted time-series design
B)Nonequivalent control group design
C)Matched group factorial design
D)Multiple regression design
Q4) Which of the following is true of the difference between large-N experiments and small-N experiments?
A)Small-N designs determine whether a finding is replicable by doing a test of statistical significance.
B)Data from small-N designs are presented as averages.
C)Data from small-N designs are grouped together.
D)Each person in a small-N design is treated as a separate experiment
Q5) List the three differences between small-N and large-N designs.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Replicability, generalization, and the Real World
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Q1) In a previous correlational study,Dr.Lafayette has found that owning dogs is associated with lower levels of daily stress in a sample of returning war veterans.Which of the following would constitute a shift from theory-testing mode to generalization mode?
A)Conducting a study on the same sample of war veterans,this time using a different measure of daily stress
B)Conducting a study examining the stress reduction in dogs
C)Conducting an experimental study in which he assigns people to own a dog or not
D)Conducting a study on dog ownership using a sample of elderly participants from a local retirement home
Q2) A colleague criticizes Dr.Tropez for using a WEIRD sample.Explain what this means and why it is a problem.
Q3) A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:
A)Mundane surroundings
B)A field setting
C)An ecological situation
D)Authentic localities
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