Applied Qualitative Research
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Applied Qualitative Research explores the principles and practical methods used to collect, analyze, and interpret qualitative data in real-world settings. The course introduces students to key techniques such as interviews, focus groups, ethnographic observation, and content analysis, emphasizing ethical considerations and reflexivity in research practice. Through case studies and hands-on projects, students learn to design qualitative studies, code and interpret data, and present findings to a range of academic and professional audiences. The course is ideal for those seeking to apply qualitative approaches in disciplines such as social sciences, health, education, and organizational research.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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459 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Triangulation can be used to describe the use of multiple methods of data collection to measure a single subject. What is it called when multiple data-collection methods, multiple theories, multiple researchers, multiple methodologies, or a combination of these four categories are involved in research activities?
A) Multiple operationalism
B) Convergent validations
C) Lines of action
D) Triangles of error
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher follows the principles of logical positivism, and seeks to create specific operational definitions of the concepts they test. The people and objects do not possess meaning independently, but it is rather conferred upon them. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
A) nodes
B) lines
C) descriptions
D) labels
Answer: B
Q2) The phase in data analysis in which you present your data in tally sheets and tables to understand patterns is ________.
A) data reduction
B) data display
C) conclusion
D) data dissemination
Answer: B
Q3) A pitfall of Internet based research is ______.
A) lack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources
B) fast results
C) incomplete cross referencing
D) enormous amount of data
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher seeks to study a subcultural, illegal, or deviant group to obtain accurate information freely without announcing his/her presence, which could alarm the population. To do so, the researcher undertakes significant risk, and engages fully with the group studied like any other group member. What research role is the researcher taking on?
A) complete participant
B) participant as observer
C) observer as participant
D) complete observer
Answer: A
Q2) A researcher makes his/her intentions to study a group known, and then engages fully in the group's activities. This carries the risk of limiting rapport with original members of the group and "going native," or losing researcher objectivity through identification with the meanings of the group. What research role is the researcher taking on?
A) complete participant
B) participant as observer
C) observer as participant
D) complete observer
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a novice interviewer begin to establish an interviewer repertoire?
Q2) Explain how a researcher can navigate a subject's evasion tactics during an interview.
Q3) Zero-order level communications is an interviewing technique to ensure good communication that _____________.
A) uses jargon as an opportunity to explore the respondent's meaning system
B) uses varying levels of language in questions
C) simplifies interview questions to the least sophisticated level of all respondents
D) uses language codes to share idioms
Q4) Explain how to prepare a quality telephone interview.
Q5) When a researcher assumes that he/she does not know in advance every question that should be asked, that subjects will not find equal meaning in like-worded questions, and plans to develop probes during the interview, this is a(n) __________ structure.
A) semistandardized interview
B) standardized interview
C) creative interview
D) unstandardized interview
Q6) Explain 5 of the 10 interviewer commandments.
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some advantages of focus group interviewing?
Q2) How should focus group participants be selected?
Q3) Historically, for what purpose have focus groups been traditionally used?
A) Psychological research
B) Social Science research
C) Advertising research
D) Marketing research
Q4) What are the five main parts of a moderator's guide? Pick one and describe what it should include in detail.
Q5) Which technique is most effective at revealing deep level biographical experiences of a person's group?
A) Focus groups
B) Unobtrusive measures
C) Face-to-face interviewing
D) Participant observation
Q6) Focus groups were first used to conduct research on _____________.
A) popular opinion of political candidates
B) opinions on a car make and models
C) effectiveness of radio in boosting army morale
D) women assigned bed rest for treatment of preterm labor
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Q1) A systematic method for classifying similar events, actions, objects, people, or places into discrete groupings is called _____________.
A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination
Q2) A description that reveals aspects of a research subject by comparing it to other subjects in order to help the researcher see things a different way is called
A) typology
B) sociogram
C) metaphor
D) nomination
Q3) Field research on the cultural dimensions of organizations is called ____________.
A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography
Q4) Explain researcher concerns during the "getting in" phase of research.
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What makes action research unique from other types of research?
Q2) A technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed and motivated for change is small meetings in which people from single-interest or stakeholder groups discuss particular issues. This is called ___________________.
A) focus groups
B) in-group forums
C) informal meetings
D) agency
Q3) Which research technique can be especially helpful when determining the problems that a group of stakeholders feel that they face?
A) Participant observation
B) Interviewing
C) Ethnography
D) Focus groups
Q4) What is photovoice, and how does it fit in with past trends in ethnography?
Q5) What are the main assumptions of action research regardless of which discipline uses the research technique?
Q6) What are the three modes of action research, and identify the key characteristics of each.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) What is physical accretion, and what is an example of an accretion study?
Q2) Records produced for special or limited audiences that contain information such as birth and death records, records of marriages and divorces, application information held by insurance and credit companies, title, land, and deed information, or similar demographic or residential types of records are called ____________.
A) private archives
B) commercial media accounts
C) actuarial records
D) official documentary records
Q3) Which research technique must researchers be sure to employ to corroborate data obtained unobtrusively?
A) Science of garbology
B) Covert observations
C) Triangulation
D) Coding
Q4) Define official documentary records, and provide an example of their use as an unobtrusive data source.
Q5) Define unobtrusive research, and explain how it works.
Q6) What is the diary method, and what are the advantages to using it?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) Which type of source is a girl's description in her diary of her birthday party?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Q2) Which kind of source is the Farmer's Almanac?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Q3) Which term can be considered a synonym for internal criticism?
A) Genuine
B) Reliable
C) Legitimate
D) Valid
Q4) Which term can be regarded as a synonym for external criticism?
A) Precision
B) Truthfulness
C) Validity
D) Accuracy
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Q1) An embedded case study is unique from a standard case study because it
A) uses multiple methods and/or sources
B) represents one instance of a broader category of events
C) includes several levels, or units of analysis
D) studies organizations or individuals
Q2) Which type of case study is a set of multiple case studies of the same entity using a multi-design approach to provide a holistic view of the dynamics of the research subject?
A) Snapshot case study
B) Longitudinal case study
C) Pre-post case study
D) Patchwork case study
Q3) Which type of case study studies one research entity at two time points separated by a critical event?
A) Snapshot case study
B) Longitudinal case study
C) Pre-post case study
D) Comparative case study
Q4) What is a community case study, and how does it work?
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Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) What are the seven major elements in written messages, and what is their importance?
Q2) Which term describes the actual terms used by individuals under investigation that represent their behavioral processes?
A) Ideological stances
B) Sociological constructs
C) In vivo codes
D) Communication themes
Q3) Which type of coding is designed to inquire widely to include many coding categories carefully and minutely to ensure theoretical grounding later on during the research analysis?
A) Open coding
B) Coding by topic
C) Descriptive coding
D) Analytic coding
Q4) When a researcher is trying to explain the latent symbolic meaning found in research, what corroborative techniques can he/she use to strengthen the argument?
Q5) Compare narrative and nonnarrative content analysis approaches.
Q6) What is content analysis, and what does it seek to accomplish?
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from
the Soup
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Q1) Which writing pitfall obscures whom the subject and recipient of the action is in the sentence?
A) Date stamping
B) Passive voice
C) Vague referrals
D) Long run-on sentences
Q2) How should sources referenced in a paper be reported?
Q3) A good abstract will summarize one's findings and highlight important areas of research. What are the main components that should be included?
Q4) Which section of a research paper explains how data were collected, organized, and analyzed?
A) Methodology
B) References, notes, and/or appendices
C) Discussion and/or conclusions
D) Findings or results
Q5) How can you avoid plagiarism?
Q6) What value does rewriting have in research?
Q7) What is plagiarism, and what actions make up plagiarism?
Q8) What is the difference between a report and a peer-reviewed article? Page 14
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