Applied Physiology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Applied Physiology explores the mechanisms by which the human body functions and adapts during physical activity, stress, and various physiological states. This course integrates foundational concepts in cellular, cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and metabolic physiology, with a focus on their application in exercise, health, and disease contexts. Students will investigate how physiological principles can be used to optimize human performance, promote well-being, and understand adaptations to training or environmental changes. Emphasis is placed on practical applications, laboratory techniques, and interpreting physiological data relevant to both clinical and athletic settings.
Recommended Textbook
Human Motor Control 2nd Edition by
David A. Rosenbaum
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12 Chapters
230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The field of human motor control is concerned with A) Movement
B) Stability
C) Movement and stability
D) Human motivation
Answer: C
Q2) Control theory arises mainly in which domain relevant to human motor control?
A) Physics
B) Statistics
C) Engineering
D) Cognitive science
Answer: C
Q3) The study of variability arises mainly in which domain relevant to human motor control?
A) Physics
B) Statistics
C) Engineering
D) Cognitive science
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Core Problems
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a negative feedback loop, the reference condition defines the __________ , the plant defines the _____________ , and the comparator defines the __________ .
A) The intended outcome, the actual outcome, the difference between the intended and actual outcome
B) The actual outcome, the intended outcome, the difference between the intended and actual outcome
C) The actual outcome, the difference between the intended and actual outcome, the intended outcome
D) The difference between the intended and actual outcome, intended outcome, the actual outcome
Answer: A
Q2) Which term is used to describe a change in the way a task is performed depending on what will be done in the near future?
A) Coarticulation
B) Kinematics
C) Kinetics
D) Passive dynamics
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Physiological Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inability to perform purposeful motor acts when the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric components of the acts are otherwise intact is known as
A) Apraxia
B) Anarchic hand syndrome
C) Neglect
D) Huntington's disease
Answer: A
Q2) It is believed that plans for movements are generally housed in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is because
A) Apraxia is more common in right hemiplegia than in left hemiplegia
B) Apraxia is more common in left hemiplegia than in right hemiplegia
C) Apraxia is equally common in right and left hemiplegia
D) The left hemisphere stores more information generally
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Psychological Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Directing a great deal of attention to a task
A) Tends to help it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice
B) Tends to help it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice
C) Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice
D) Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice
Q2) According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis
A) There are many ways that behavior can get out of control
B) There are many ways that behavior can unfold
C) There are many ways to fold a piece of paper
D) None of the above
Q3) People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action
A) Before relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
B) After relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
C) When the relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed
D) This experiment has never been done
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6
Chapter 5: Walking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following results suggests that the brain plays a role in regulating postural stability?
A) Responses to stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle depends on the participant's expectations about whether the stretch will have destabilizing influences
B) Responses to stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle depends on the health of the cerebellum
C) Responses to stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle depends on the health of the vestibular system
D) All of the above
Q2) Babies between 2 and 8 months can
A) Step as well on land as in water, consistent with a physical account of the disappearance of stepping during this age range
B) Step better in water than in land, consistent with a cognitive account of the disappearance of stepping during this age range
C) Step better in water than in land, consistent with a physical account of the disappearance of stepping during this age range
D) None of the above
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Chapter 6: Looking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike the superior colliculus, the posterior parietal cortex
A) Shows increased activity prior to saccades to targets but not prior to hand movements to those same targets
B) Shows increased activity prior to hand movements to targets but not prior to saccades to those same targets
C) Shows increased activity prior to saccades to targets and prior to hand movements to those same targets
D) Is involved in the control of eye movements
Q2) As concerns the eye, drifts, tremors, and microsaccades
A) Are miniature eye movements, all of which are voluntary
B) Are miniature eye movements, some of which are voluntary
C) Are miniature eye movements, none of which is voluntary
D) Are all signs of syphilis
Q3) Rapid alternation between saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements occurs in A) Drifts
B) Optokinetic nystagmus
C) Microsaccades
D) None of the above
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8
Chapter 7: Reaching
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Sample Questions
Q1) A method that has been used to determine how long it takes to use visual feedback to correct manual positioning movements is
A) Have people move back and forth between targets without any visual feedback in any condition
B) Have people move back and forth between targets with full visual feedback in all conditions
C) Have people move back and forth between targets with visual feedback available from one side of the space but not the other
D) Have people move back and forth between targets at different rates both with and without visual feedback
Q2) Which result is the usual one concerning eye-hand coordination?
A) The eye and hand land on the target simultaneously
B) The hand lands on the target before the eye does
C) The eye lands on the target before the hand does
D) The data are too variable to draw any conclusions
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Chapter 8: Drawing and Writing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The way people copy simple geometric forms indicates that
A) Semantic factors play a role in copying
B) Strokes are ordered according to rules
C) The ordering of strokes may be indicative of neurological health
D) All of the above
Q2) Research with writing machines shows that
A) Absolute times of strokes define identities of written letters, whereas relative times of strokes define styles of written letters
B) Absolute times of strokes define styles of written letters, whereas relative times of strokes define identities of written letters
C) People write in ways that writing machines cannot mimic in any respect
D) Books written by writing machines are more interesting that books written by people
Q3) Writing and drawing may be controlled at different levels. Going from high to low levels, these are
A) Ideas, graphic segments, motor commands
B) Ideas, motor commands, graphic segments,
C) Graphic segments, motor commands, ideas
D) Motor commands, graphic segments, ideas
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Chapter 9: Keyboarding
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Sample Questions
Q1) In organ playing, organists may use their feet to play notes generated by pedals. Although the use of the feet was not discussed in the chapter on keyboarding, which of the following would you expect for pedal-pushing organists based on material in the chapter?
A) Times to alternate between different pedals played by one foot should be longer than times to alternate between different pedals played by two feet
B) Hierarchically organized sequences should be easier to learn than randomly organized sequences
C) Playing one pedal at a time should be easier than playing series of two-pedal chords
D) All of the above
Q2) The classic model of typewriting developed by Rumelhart and Norman 1982 relied on
A) Activation but not inhibition between word nodes and keystroke nodes
B) Inhibition but not activation between word nodes and keystroke nodes
C) Activation and inhibition between word nodes and keystroke nodes
D) Rejection of connectionism
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11
Chapter 10: Speaking and Singing
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Sample Questions
Q1) When speech speeds up
A) Intonation flattens
B) Extraneous syllables are eliminated
C) Vowels shortens but consonants do not
D) All of the above
Q2) Research on bird brains has shown that, at least for different types of birds,
A) The left hemisphere of the bird's brain is generally specialized for singing.
B) New neurons appear to grow in the bird's brain when songs are learned.
C) Mirror neurons seem to play a role in bird song learning
D) All of the above
Q3) Achievement of desired relative positions of the articulators can be achieved with a system that is metaphorically described by a pulley with weights on either side, corresponding, say, to the upper and lower lip. What this metaphor is referring to is a neural network that relies on
A) Excitation of the upper lip by an upper lip controller
B) Excitation of the lower lip by a lower lip controller
C) A bilabial closure unit that activates the upper lip controller and the lower lip controller, and also allows the upper and lower lip controllers to inhibit one another
D) All of the above
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Smiling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients with facial paralysis report full-blown sadness, happiness, and other emotions though their overt expressions hardly change. This outcome is problematic for
A) The James-Lange theory of emotion
B) The facial feedback hypothesis of Ekman and his colleagues
C) The hypothesis offered by Waynbaum that different facial postures selectively affect blood flow to different parts of the brain.
D) All of the above
Q2) Long, happy marriages provide useful data in support of the proposition that
A) Husbands and wives look happier if they have a long, happy marriage
B) Husbands but not wives look happier if they have a long, happy marriage
C) Wives but not husbands look happier if they have a long, happy marriage
D) Husbands and wives tend to develop similar faces based on years of imitation
Q3) Instructions to imagine sad scenes yield increased activity of the _______ muscle, whereas imagination of anger yield increased activity of the _______ muscle.
A) Angular oris, corrugator
B) Corrugator, angular oris
C) Biceps, triceps
D) Triceps, biceps
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Chapter 12: Moving on
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Sample Questions
Q1) Technology has been brought to bear to help people with severed or severely damaged spinal cords. This technology has relied on the general strategy of picking up electrical signals from the brain, amplifying the signals, and then delivering other electrical signals to the patient's muscles via electrodes. According to the textbook, this approach works most easily when
A) The signals sent to the muscles are based on population coding in the motor cortex
B) The signals sent to the muscles are based on population coding in the cerebellum
C) The signals sent to the muscles are based on the patient's reliance on trial and error learning, such that the patient learns, over trials, to generate brain signals that permit desired movements
D) The signals sent to the muscles rely on point attractors rather than limit-cycle attractors
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