Applied Nutrition Review Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Nutrition explores the practical aspects of nutritional science, focusing on how dietary choices impact health, disease prevention, and the management of various populations' nutritional needs. This course integrates current research, nutrient functions, and metabolism with the development of effective dietary plans tailored for individuals and specific groups such as children, athletes, and individuals with chronic illnesses. Students will gain hands-on experience in assessing dietary intake, understanding food labels, and applying evidence-based guidelines to promote overall wellness and address contemporary nutritional challenges in diverse community and clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Nutrition 3rd Edition by Janice J. Thompson
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23 Chapters
1774 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition: Linking Food, function, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following refers to a nutritional status in which a person consumes more energy than is needed?
A)malnutrition
B)undernutrition
C)starvation
D)overnutrition
Answer: D
Q2) The measurement unit for the energy derived from food is called a(n)________.
A)kilocalorie
B)enzyme
C)protein
D)gram
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
A)carbohydrates
B)vitamins
C)lipids
D)alcohol
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Designing a Healthful Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is no truly healthful way to "eat out" away from home.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which disease or health concern is associated with sodium?
A)hypertension and stroke
B)neural tube defects
C)osteoporosis
D)dental caries
Answer: A
Q3) MyPlate is the visual representation of ________.
A)the previous MyPyramid graphic
B)the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
C)the ideal diet for everyone
D)the USDA Food Patterns
Answer: D
Q4) MyPlate has completed replaced MyPyramid in all instances.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which large vessel transports absorbed nutrients to the liver?
A)hepatic portal vein
B)pulmonary vein
C)aorta
D)subclavian vein
Answer: A
Q2) What is the primary cause of malabsorption in people with celiac disease?
A)damage to the villi of the small intestine
B)an ulcer
C)damage to the lining of the esophagus
D)presence of sulfur in the GI tract
Answer: A
Q3) Which structure keeps swallowed food from entering the trachea?
A)tonsils
B)soft palate
C)epiglottis
D)upper esophageal sphincter
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gluconeogenesis is:
A)the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids or other sources that are not carbohydrates.
B)the release of stored glycogen from the liver.
C)the process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose.
D)the uptake of glucose by the body's cells.
Q2) Why is white wheat flour a less nutritious choice than whole wheat flour?
A)White wheat flour retains only a fraction of wheat's fiber,vitamins,and minerals.
B)White wheat flour contains less endosperm than whole wheat flour.
C)White wheat flour consists only of wheat germ.
D)White wheat flour consists only of wheat bran.
Q3) A person who has been diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose:
A)has type 1 diabetes.
B)has type 2 diabetes.
C)is considered pre-diabetic.
D)has very low levels of insulin.
Q4) Type 2 diabetes is seen only in adults.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: in Depth: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is caused by alcohol exposure by a fetus during pregnancy?
A)cataracts
B)fetal alcohol syndrome
C)high birth weight
D)diabetes
Q2) Which of the following is a condition in which the liver becomes more efficient in the breakdown of alcohol?
A)hepatic efficiency
B)metabolic tolerance
C)functional tolerance
D)alcohol tolerance
Q3) Excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of preventable death for Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Moderate alcohol consumption for men is up to two drinks per day.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Lipids: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sources of protein includes the MOST unhealthful fats?
A)poached salmon
B)fried chicken
C)lentils
D)tempeh
Q2) What are the primary functions of lipids?
Q3) On average,Americans consume less than the recommended amount of saturated fat.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Diets high in plant foods will usually be lower in saturated fats than diets high in animal products.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?
A)lipoprotein lipase
B)epinephrine
C)insulin
D)estrogen
Q6) Describe,and compare and contrast,the different lipoproteins used for lipid transport in the blood.
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Chapter 7: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With
Macro Powers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin supplements may be harmful.Which supplement,when taken in high doses,has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures in older adults?
A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B
C)vitamin B
D)vitamin D
Q2) Which of the following decreases the absorption of zinc and iron?
A)oxalic acid
B)vitamin C
C)lactose
D)dietary fat
Q3) Which vitamin was discovered first?
A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin K
Q4) Vitamins A and D are the most toxic fat-soluble vitamins.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Phytochemicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Free radicals are only produced in response to radiation,pollution,industrial chemicals,tobacco smoke,or infections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Phytochemicals have established daily recommended intakes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Some free radicals are unavoidable by-products of normal metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Phytochemicals are synthetic substances.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A key reason why an RDA for phytochemicals has been difficult to establish is due to:
A)their synergystic effect.
B)their naturally-occuring genesis.
C)their variety of forms.
D)their broad functions.
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Chapter 9: Disordered Eating
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of U.S.females develop anorexia nervosa?
A)less than 4%
B)9%
C)25%
D)more than 37%
Q2) Consuming a majority of energy between 8:00 pm and 6:00 am is characteristic of which eating disorder?
A)anorexia nervosa
B)night-eating syndrome
C)binge-eating disorder
D)bulimia nervosa
Q3) Approximately 20% of individuals with anorexia will die prematurely from complications of the disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Premature bone loss associated with the female athlete triad is also called:
A)osteoporosis.
B)amenorrhea.
C)estrogen deficiency.
D)anorexia nervosa.
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Chapter 10: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body
Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Strength athletes cannot get adequate amounts of protein from diet alone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of mRNA copying the genetic information from the DNA's base sequence is called:
A)transferring.
B)transamination.
C)translation.
D)transcription.
Q3) Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into its active form pepsin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an inherited protein metabolism disorder characterized by a severe respiratory illness?
A)cystic fibrosis
B)mad cow disease
C)acidosis
D)kwashiorkor
Q6) How do shape and structure affect protein function? Page 12
Q5) What are three physiological consequences of consuming too much protein?
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Chapter 11: Metabolism: From Food to Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three end products of the oxidation-reduction reactions involved in metabolism?
A)glucose,pyruvate,and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
B)sucrose,lactate,and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
C)acetyl CoA,nitrogen,and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
D)water,carbon dioxide,and ATP
Q2) The reaction between acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate yields ________,the starting molecule in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle.
A)pyruvate
B)citrate
C)ATP
D)carbon dioxide
Q3) The oxidation of alcohol occurs primarily in the:
A)pancreas.
B)stomach.
C)bloodstream.
D)liver.
Q4) Describe and define ATP.Why is it called the energy currency of the cell? Give specific examples of the catabolic reactions that produce ATP.
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Chapter 12: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chronic deficiency of ________ can impair heme synthesis and lead to the formation of small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin.
A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)vitamin B
D)vitamin B
Q2) Some athletes take supplements of the mineral ________ in an effort to gain lean body mass and reduce body fat.
A)chromium
B)iodine
C)iron
D)choline
Q3) Thiamin is essential to carbohydrate metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is choline typically grouped with the B-vitamins? What is the function of choline?
Q5) Explain the reasons why iodine deficiency may be considered the world's greatest single cause of preventable brain damage.
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Chapter 13: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lean tissue contains a greater percentage of fluid compared with fat tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A U.S.population group that is at particularly high risk for heart disease and its complications is hypertensive:
A)Caucasian women.
B)African Americans.
C)Hispanic men.
D)Asian Americans.
Q3) What is the function of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A)stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water (reducing urine output)
B)stimulates the kidneys to filter out more water (increasing urine output)
C)signals the kidneys to retain sodium and chloride
D)signals the kidneys to release sodium and chloride
Q4) The two most common extracellular ions are:
A)sodium and potassium.
B)potassium and chloride.
C)phosphorus and calcium.
D)sodium and chloride.
Page 16
Q5) List and describe at least three critical functions of water in the body.
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Chapter 14: Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function and Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Provitamins are:
A)vitamins with overwhelmingly positive effects when taken in the correct amounts.
B)inactive forms of vitamins that the body cannot use until they're converted to their active form.
C)prooxidents that have taken a new form.
D)vitamins with antioxidant properties.
Q2) Taking vitamin E supplements along with ________ can cause uncontrollable bleeding.
A)antidepressants
B)anticoagulants
C)cholesterol-lowering medications
D)oral contraceptives
Q3) Define a free radical.List and discuss at least three factors that are attributed to free radical formation.
Q4) Foods that use beta-carotene as a natural coloring agent:
A)generally must be processed heavily.
B)are not significant sources of beta-carotene.
C)are largely foods with a high fat content.
D)also acquire a distinctive taste.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following hormones are released when blood calcium levels fall?
A)parathyroid hormone
B)hydroxyapatite
C)calcitonin
D)thyroxin
Q2) Of the following foods,which has the highest bioavailability of calcium?
A)raw spinach
B)unprocessed tofu
C)whole wheat bread
D)cooked kale
Q3) Soft drink consumption is associated with poor bone health.Describe the proposed theories that explain this relationship.
Q4) Which of the following foods is high in phosphorus?
A)eggs
B)apples
C)oranges
D)table salt
Q5) Osteoblasts lay down new bone.
A)True
B)False
18
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Chapter 16: Nutrients Involved in Blood Health and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called: A)myoglobin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)iron. D)hemosiderin.
Q2) The two storage forms of iron are ferritin and: A)ceruloplasmin.
B)transferrin. C)hemosiderin. D)hephaestin.
Q3) High zinc intake enhances the absorption of copper and iron. A)True
B)False
Q4) Vitamins C and E protect the cell membrane from damage by: A)natural killer cells.
B)reactive oxygen species molecules. C)erythrocytes.
D)cytotoxic T cells.
Q6) Compare and contrast microcytic,macrocytic,and pernicious anemia. Page 19
Q5) Describe the factors and processes that affect iron absorption in the body.
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Page 20
Chapter 17: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) A BMI value above ________ is associated with increased risks of chronic health diseases.
A)18.5
B)20
C)25
D)30
Q2) Which type of adipose tissue has a greater number of mitochondria in its cells?
A)white adipose tissue
B)brown adipose tissue
C)red adipose tissue
D)yellow adipose tissue
Q3) The thrifty gene theory suggests that:
A)our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range.
B)some people possess a gene that allows them to expend less energy than other people.
C)adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D)our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.
Q4) A woman's basal metabolic rate increases during pregnancy and lactation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a component of anabolic steroids?
A)testosterone
B)caffeine
C)creatine
D)gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
Q2) Which of the following is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity?
A)heart rate/pulse
B)blood glucose level
C)blood pressure
D)distance traveled per unit of time (e.g. ,steps per hour)
Q3) To achieve muscular fitness,it is recommended that training should occur:
A)daily.
B)2 to 3 days a week.
C)3 to 5 days a week.
D)more than 5 days a week.
Q4) Protein can contribute up to 15% of the energy needed during intense exercise.
A)True
B)False
22
Q5) Would you recommend the Zone Diet to a friend? Why or why not?
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Chapter 19: Consumer Issues: Food Safety, Production, and Impact on the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple studies have proved that organic-grown foods are nutritionally superior to conventionally grown foods.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is unsafe to use food past its "sell by" date.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Flash freezing sushi kills only parasites,not necessarily bacteria or viruses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Many contaminants are killed within our bodies by our own:
A)red blood cells.
B)enzymes and acids.
C)antibodies.
D)will power.
Q5) Which of the following additives help keep fats evenly dispersed within foods?
A)humectants
B)emulsifiers
C)stabilizers
D)desiccants
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Chapter 20: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy
and the First Year of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dangerous,sudden increase in maternal blood pressure,swelling,and protein in the urine is characteristic of:
A)preeclampsia.
B)gestational diabetes.
C)a urinary tract infection.
D)anencephaly.
Q2) Women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)________ have the lowest risk for a complicated pregnancy and delivery.
A)less than 18.5
B)between 19.8 and 26.0
C)between 25.5 and 30.0
D)greater than 30.0
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a significant risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?
A)obesity
B)BMI of 20 to 24
C)previousdelivery of a large-for-gestational-age baby
D)35 years of age or older
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Chapter 21: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nutrients that have been identified as "priority nutrients" for children aged 2 to 4 years are calcium,vitamin D,and:
A)vitamin C.
B)iron.
C)folate.
D)vitamin E.
Q2) The cartilage located at the end of long bones that closes when bone growth ceases is called the ________ plate.
A)cortical
B)trabecular
C)ostoid
D)epiphyseal
Q3) When is adolescence typically considered to begin?
A)at the start of high school
B)at age 12 for girls and age 15 for boys
C)at 12 years of age for boys and girls
D)at the onset of puberty
Q4) A four-year-old child would be classified as a toddler.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: The Later Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Age-related changes in the release of appetite-regulating gut hormones may MOST contribute to a condition known as:
A)sarcopenic obesity.
B)achlorhydria.
C)anorexia of aging.
D)Parkinson's disease.
Q2) The recommended fiber intake for older adults is lower than for younger adults because:
A)they are likely to develop diverticular disease.
B)their digestive tracts would be dramatically overwhelmed with higher fiber.
C)most cannot swallow reliably.
D)they consume fewer Calories/less energy.
Q3) The AI for fluids:
A)increases with age.
B)is the same for all adults regardless of age.
C)decreases with age.
D)fluctuates in the elderly as a consequence of shifting health status.
Q4) Dementia is an inevitable part of the aging process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Global Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Severe food shortages affecting a large percentage of a population within a given area at a particular time is known as a:
A)food/population ratio.
B)famine.
C)natural disaster.
D)nutrition paradox.
Q2) The leading cause of blindness in children under age 5 in West and Central Africa is:
A)vitamin A deficiency.
B)vitamin C deficiency.
C)zinc deficiency.
D)iron deficiency.
Q3) The United Nations has played an insignificant role in global initiatives to combat poverty and health issues.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and discuss the five micronutrients that are major public health concerns in impoverished nations.Describe at least one successful attempt to address one of the five deficiencies.
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