Applied Nutrition Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Nutrition explores the practical application of nutritional science to enhance health and well-being across diverse populations. This course covers essential topics such as nutrient requirements, dietary assessment, meal planning, and the impact of nutrition on chronic diseases. It emphasizes the translation of scientific research into effective nutritional strategies for individuals and communities, equipping students with skills to assess dietary habits and develop nutrition programs that address specific needs. Through case studies and real-life scenarios, students learn to integrate evidence-based nutrition principles into clinical, community, and public health settings.
Recommended Textbook
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metaboli 7th Edition Sareen S. Gropper
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14 Chapters
1263 Verified Questions
1263 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peripheral proteins are involved in cell-cell recognition,whereas integral proteins function primarily as receptors/transporters.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Different cells express different proteins because they contain different sequences of DNA in the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) An increase in the concentration of a substrate will increase the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Most of the metabolic energy produced in cells is made in the mitochondria.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Endocrine cells of the pancreas are found in which structure?
A)the pancreatic duct
B)the islets of Langerhans
C)the sphincter of Oddi
D)the beta cells
Answer: B
Q2) trypsinogen
A)hepatocytes
B)gastric chief cells
C)pancreatic exocrine tissue
D)salivary glands
E)small intestine
Answer: C
Q3) Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol in the ____.
A)canaliculi
B)common bile duct
C)hepatocytes
D)gallbladder
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which tissue has the least activity of the pentose phosphate pathway?
A)liver
B)adrenal cortex
C)mammary gland
D)skeletal muscle
Answer: D
Q2) Glycolysis is a process involving ____.
A)synthesis of fatty acids
B)reactions that convert glucose to glycogen
C)reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate
D)reactions that convert glycogen to protein
Answer: C
Q3) In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
A)mitochondrion
B)cytosol
C)nucleus
D)endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Fiber
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which scenario is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?
A)increased glucose absorption
B)delayed gastric emptying
C)increased bile acid excretion
D)increased fecal bulk
Q2) Viscous gel-forming fibers may contribute to satiety by ____.
A)elevating serum glucose levels
B)elevating glucagon levels
C)slowing gastric emptying
D)reducing hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Q3) What are plant polysaccharides found in flax and psyllium that are effective in reducing serum LDL cholesterol?
A)beta-glucans
B)fructans
C)mucilages
D)chitin
Q4) Fibers that are not fermented will help reverse diarrhea.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conversion of linoleic acid (18:2)to arachidonic acid (20:4)involves the addition of two carbons to the methyl end and two double bonds at the n-3 and n-6 positions of the omega end.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Reverse cholesterol transport that removes cholesterol from peripheral cells and returns it to the liver is carried out by ____.
A)LDL
B)HDL
C)VLDL
D)lipoprotein lipase
Q3) If a blood clot develops in a coronary artery that contains atherosclerotic plaque,which event may occur?
A)hypertension
B)aneurysm
C)hypotension
D)myocardial infarction
Q4) Which factors contribute to the color of brown fat and why does it generate heat?
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Chapter 6: Protein
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by protein turnover? What general types of protein compounds are made in cells via protein synthesis? How do amino acid catabolism and dietary amino acids factor into protein turnover?
Q2) Which three amino acids cannot undergo transamination to an appreciable extent,making provision of their alpha-keto acids ineffective in lowering blood nitrogen concentrations in kidney disease patients?
A)leucine, isoleucine, valine
B)lysine, threonine, histidine
C)valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine
D)methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine
Q3) Under fasting conditions,one would expect to find large amounts of free ammonia in the bloodstream due to the breakdown of amino acids for energy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Several companies are now enriching enteral and parenteral nutrition products with glutamine.What is the rationale for this procedure?
Q5) What are the indicators of visceral protein status and why are some more sensitive to changes than others?
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Chapter 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the four phases of the fed-fast cycle and include the time frames associated with each state.
Q2) insulin
A)stimulates liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
B)stimulates lipolysis and increases triacylglycerol uptake from VLDL
C)stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver
D)stimulates removal of glucose from the blood and anabolic reactions
E)produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; functions as a neurotransmitter and a stress hormone
Q3) The postabsorptive state evolves into the fasting state after 36-72 hours of no food intake.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?
A)ketones
B)glucose
C)fatty acids
D)amino acids
Page 9
Q5) Describe the various functions of insulin in the fed state.
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Chapter 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) Underwater weighing,a method used to determine body composition,is based on which principle?
A)Lean body tissue is denser than adipose tissue.
B)Adipose tissue is denser than lean body tissue.
C)Adipose tissue is composed mostly of water.
D)Body fluids are not being weighed using this method.
Q2) Which factor is a strong determinant of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract?
A)gender
B)diet
C)age
D)hormones
Q3) Delineate the six levels of disease risk relative to normal BMI and waist circumference in both males and females.
Q4) Cold environments can increase BMR due to ____.
A)lowering metabolic rate
B)increasing the rate of digestion
C)shivering
D)reduction in sweating
Q5) Describe metabolic syndrome and give the criteria for its clinical diagnosis.
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Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Folic acid fortification has ____.
A)not caused the decrease in NTDs that was expected
B)had no effect on the number of NTDs in this country
C)caused a greater decrease in NTDs than was expected
D)reduced the number of various NTDs by 11-50% in different studies
Q2) What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?
Q3) Large doses of nicotinic acid are used to treat certain types of hyperlipidemias.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The best sources of niacin are ____.
A)fish and meats
B)beans
C)green leafy vegetables
D)yellow vegetables
Q5) One method to assess nutrient status is to measure the activity of an enzyme that requires the vitamin as a cofactor.Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using an example.Your specific example choices are thiamin,riboflavin,or folate (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method? Why or why not?
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Chapter 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vitamin D response element (VDRE)is found ____.
A)on the enterocyte membrane
B)on the renal tubule
C)in the nucleus
D)in the pancreatic duct cell
Q2) Structurally,vitamin D is derived from ____.
A)a steroid
B)an amino acid
C)a fatty acid
D)calcium
Q3) calcitriol
A)interacts with nuclear VDR to increase calbindin
B)required for carboxylation of glutamic acid
C)needed for binding with opsin in the photoreceptor rod cells
D)transported into nucleus to affect gene transcription of keratin proteins
E)donates hydrogens to terminate propagation of membrane lipid peroxidation chain reactions
Q4) Discuss the role of calcitonin in maintaining normal blood calcium concentration.
Q5) Explain the process by which rhodopsin is formed.
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Chapter 11: Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dietary mineral that is an important component of DNA and RNA is ____.
A)calcium
B)magnesium
C)sulfur
D)phosphate
Q2) Which mineral participates in all aspects of energy metabolism including glycolysis,beta-oxidation,and the TCA cycle?
A)calcium
B)iron
C)magnesium
D)sulphur
Q3) Which substance can improve calcium absorption?
A)lactose
B)unabsorbed fatty acids
C)phytic acid
D)magnesium
Q4) Calcium is the most abundant divalent cation in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What role does magnesium play in maintaining calcium homeostasis?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Water and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does potassium help to maintain acid-base balance?
Q2) Most sodium absorption occurs in the small intestine and the proximal portion of the colon.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the kidneys,80% of plasma that does not enter the glomerulus flows through the afferent arterioles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Increased intakes of which mineral have been shown to lower blood pressure,especially in those with hypertension?
A)sodium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)magnesium
Q5) Dietary intake of which mineral correlates positively with blood pressure?
A)magnesium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)sodium
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Chapter 13: Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zinc is found in foods complexed with amino acids in which family?
A)eicosanoids
B)steroids
C)peptides and proteins
D)amines
Q2) Which mineral serves as a cofactor in xanthine oxidase in the metabolism of purines,pyrimidines,and pteridines?
A)manganese
B)molybdenum
C)copper
D)chromium
Q3) Manganese functions both as an enzyme activator and as a constituent of metalloenzymes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Zinc is important for taste perception as a component of ____.
A)carbonic anhydrase
B)alcohol dehydrogenase
C)gustin
D)metallothionein
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the physiological role of silicon in normal growth and bone development.
Q2) Although all produce symptoms of toxicity,not all of the important trace elements have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level established.Give the UL and/or the toxicity symptoms of arsenic,boron,nickel,silicon,and vanadium.
Q3) The form of fluoride in toothpaste is ____.
A)hydrofluoric acid
B)calcium fluoride
C)potassium fluoride
D)sodium fluoride
Q4) Describe the pharmacological effects of vanadium.
Q5) Detail why children excrete less fluoride in their urine that do adults? How is fluoride absorbed?
Q6) Which ultratrace element is normally consumed at <100 µg/day,mainly from nuts,legumes,grains,and chocolate,and has been assigned a Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 1 mg/day?
A)nickel
B)silicon
C)cobalt
D)boron
Page 16
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