Applied Meteorology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Applied Meteorology explores the practical applications of atmospheric science in areas such as weather forecasting, agriculture, aviation, and environmental management. This course emphasizes the understanding and interpretation of meteorological data, weather modeling, and the influence of atmospheric processes on human activities and natural systems. Students learn how to utilize meteorological instruments, analyze climatic patterns, and assess the impacts of weather events, preparing them to apply meteorological knowledge to real-world challenges and decision-making processes in various sectors.
Recommended Textbook
Meteorology Today An Introduction to Weather Climate and the Environment 2nd Edition by C.
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Earth and Its Atmosphere
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much nitrogen occupies a volume of air near the Earth's surface?
A)78%
B)84%
C)43%
D)21%
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following planets does not have an atmosphere?
A)Mars
B)Mercury
C)Jupiter
D)Venus
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is produced in the Earth's upper atmosphere as a result of excited atoms and molecules giving off visible light?
A)prominences
B)flares
C)solar wind
D)aurora
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Energy: Warming Earth and the Atmosphere
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rain falling from clouds refers to which of the following forms of energy?
A)kinetic
B)potential
C)latent heat
D)radiant
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the term often used to describe the form of radiation emitted by the sun?
A)microwave
B)shortwave
C)gamma
D)longwave
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following statements explains why low clouds slow surface cooling at night better than clear skies do?
A)Clouds start convection currents among them.
B)Water droplets in the clouds reflect infrared energy back to the Earth.
C)Clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to the Earth.
D)Clouds conduct heat better than clear night air does.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Seasonal and Daily Temperatures
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Sample Questions
Q1) During summer near the North Pole, how much time does the sun spend lying above the horizon, when compared to the mid-latitudes?
A)The sun starts lying and disappearing above the horizon later.
B)The sun lies above the horizon for a shorter period of time.
C)The sun lies above the horizon for a longer period of time.
D)The sun lies above the horizon for the same amount of time.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following thermometers has a small dumbbell-shaped glass index marker in the tube?
A)electrical thermometer
B)bimetallic thermometer
C)maximum thermometer
D)minimum thermometer
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to an index for fuel consumption?
A)growing degree-days
B)consumer price index
C)mean annual temperature
D)heating degree-days
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Humidity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors mainly determines the temperature at which water boils?
A)air temperature
B)air pressure
C)air density
D)relative humidity
Q2) Explain why the statement "warm air can hold more water vapour molecules" is misleading and commonly misinterpreted. Suggest a better way to explain this concept.
Q3) Which of the following statements about water vapour is correct?
A)Vapour pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
B)A decrease in the number of water vapour molecules will increase the vapour pressure.
C)If air pressure falls, vapour pressure will increase.
D)The vapour pressure is typically higher than the partial pressure exerted by oxygen.
Q4) Describe how a sling psychrometer is used to determine the relative humidity or dew point.
Q5) Explain why the temperature overnight seldom drops below the afternoon dew point.
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6
Chapter 5: Condensation: Dew, Fog, and Clouds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cloud types is most often associated with an anvil-shaped top?
A)cumulonimbus
B)cumulus humilis
C)altocumulus
D)cumulus congestus
Q2) List one or more key identifying features for each of the ten basic cloud types. Which cloud types might have fairly similar appearances and thus be difficult to identify?
Q3) Which form of fog results from two unsaturated air masses combining horizontally?
A)upslope fog
B)evaporation fog
C)radiation fog
D)mixing fog
Q4) Which of the following clouds form in the stratosphere?
A)mammatus
B)lenticular
C)cirrostratus
D)nacreous
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Chapter 6: Stability and Cloud Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Does radiational cooling at the ground at night act to increase or decrease atmospheric stability? How does daytime heating at the ground during the day affect atmospheric stability?
Q2) Which of the following conditions, working together, make the atmosphere most stable?
A)cool surface and warm air aloft
B)warm surface and warm air aloft
C)cool surface and cool air aloft
D)warm surface and cool air aloft
Q3) Which of the following describes air that resists vertical displacement?
A)neutral
B)unstable
C)stable
D)latent
Q4) Which of these lapse rates remains constant?
A)moist adiabatic lapse rate
B)dry adiabatic lapse rate
C)air adiabatic lapse rate
D)environmental lapse rate
Q5) Explain why a rising parcel of air expands and cools.
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Chapter 7: Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following clouds is most likely to produce drizzle?
A)cirrostratus
B)cumulus
C)cumulus congestus
D)stratus
Q2) Which of the following is the expected temperature at which a cloud becomes completely glaciated?
A)0°C
B)-5°C
C)-18°C
D)-40°C
Q3) Consider the winter scenario in which a large section of the Prairies has had no electricity due to downed power lines. Which of the following forms of precipitation most likely produced this situation?
A)sleet
B)hail
C)snow
D)freezing rain
Q4) Explain why it is much more difficult to measure snowfall amount than rainfall amount.
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Chapter 8: Air Pressure and Winds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the scenario in which a pilot is flying from warm air into cooler air, but the altimeter indicates the same altitude in the cold air as is did in the warm air. Which of the following describes the altitude of the plane?
A)higher than before B)lower than before C)at the same altitude as before D)initially higher, then lower than before
Q2) Considering the vertical dimension, which of the following describes the direction of the pressure gradient force (PGF), and the gravitational force?
A)Both forces are directed away from the Earth.
B)Both forces are directed toward the Earth.
C)The PGF is directed away from the Earth and the gravitational force toward the Earth.
D)The PGF is directed toward the Earth and the gravitational force away from the Earth.
Q3) What differences might you see between the weather conditions depicted on the surface in your city and at the 500 hPa level above your city?
Q4) Explain the formation of a geostrophic wind.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Wind: Small-Scale and Local Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the main reason why Santa Ana winds are warm?
A)solar heating warms the air
B)sinking air warms by compression
C)latent heat is released in rising air
D)condensation occurs
Q2) Which of the following is the name of a wind that blows off the ice sheets in Antarctica?
A)fall wind
B)gap wind
C)katabatic wind
D)foehn wind
Q3) Which of the following factors has the LEAST influence on determining how high a wind wave will grow over the open ocean?
A)length of time the wind blows over the water
B)density of water
C)wind speed over the water
D)fetch of water
Q4) How can the formation of clouds on the upwind side of a mountain affect the strength of a chinook wind?
Q5) Will a valley breeze or a mountain breeze produce clouds? Explain.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Wind: Global Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many branches does the polar jet stream have under La Niña winter conditions?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q2) In terms of the three-cell model of the general circulation, which of the following latitudes is the likely location of surface low-pressure areas?
A)equator and the poles
B)equator and 30° latitude
C)equator and 60° latitude
D)30° latitude and 60° latitude
Q3) As an air parcel aloft moves northward from the equator, it moves closer to the Earth's axis of rotation. According to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, which of the following statements explains the motion of the air parcel?
A)It increases in speed.
B)It slows down and eventually reverses direction.
C)It remains constant.
D)It slows down but continues in the same direction.
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12
Chapter 11: Air Masses and Fronts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between which of the following points is a warm front positioned?
A)between 3 and 4
B)between 1 and 2
C)between 2 and 5
D)between 2 and 3
Q2) Which of the following would you expect to see as a cold front approaches?
A)altostratus clouds forming
B)winds blowing from the north
C)skies clearing
D)air pressure falling
Q3) Clear, sunny days with very cold nights are associated with which of the following types of air masses?
A)cA
B)cT
C)mP
D)mT
Q4) Without considering changes in temperature, how are the weather conditions accompanying a cold frontal passage different from those associated with the passage of a warm front?
Q5) What types of weather changes accompany the passage of a dryline?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Middle-Latitude Cyclones
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defines cyclogenesis?
A)the weakening or dissipation of a middle-latitude cyclone
B)the development or strengthening of a middle-latitude cyclone
C)the exact midpoint of a middle-latitude cyclone
D)the development or strengthening of a tropical cyclone
Q2) Assume that the absolute vorticity of flowing air is conserved. If air is moving northeastward, which of the following statements is correct?
A)Air will bend anticyclonically to compensate for an increase in the Earth's vorticity.
B)Air will bend cyclonically to compensate for a decrease in the Earth's vorticity.
C)Air will bend anticyclonically to compensate for a decrease in the Earth's vorticity.
D)Air will bend cyclonically to compensate for an increase in the Earth's vorticity.
Q3) On a 500 hPa chart, why does middle-latitude cyclone development occur beneath troughs rather than ridges?
Q4) What are diffluence and speed divergence? How do these differ from confluence and speed convergence?
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Chapter 13: Weather Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following refers to the light flashes that dart upward from the tops of thunderstorms?
A)heat lightning
B)bead lightning
C)sprites and blue jets
D)ball lightning
Q2) How does a supercell thunderstorm differ from a multicell thunderstorm?
Q3) How does a thunderstorm gust front form? What might you see and feel if a gust front were to approach and pass you on the ground?
Q4) Which of the following terms refers to a relatively narrow downburst, one that is less than 4 km wide?
A)funnel cloud
B)rain shaft
C)narrow burst
D)microburst
Q5) In what ways are multicell thunderstorms different from ordinary thunderstorms? What are some of the meteorological or atmospheric conditions that favour the development of multicell thunderstorms?
Q6) What makes a tornado-producing thunderstorm different from other thunderstorms?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Thunderstorms
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Q1) Which of the following is represented by the eyewall in a hurricane?
A)a region of light winds and low pressure
B)the exact centre of the storm
C)the area of broken cloudiness at the centre of the storm
D)a zone of intense thunderstorms around the centre of the storm
Q2) Which of the following characterizes the top of hurricanes?
A)strong divergence
B)weak convergence
C)strong convergence
D)weak divergence
Q3) By which of the following methods have scientists tried to modify hurricanes?
A)seeding the hurricanes with silver iodide
B)igniting huge smoke bombs in the eye of the storm
C)putting an oil slick over the ocean water and igniting it
D)seeding the hurricanes with hair-thin pieces of aluminum called chaff
Q4) Why are the winds in a hurricane so strong?
A)The Coriolis force causes hurricanes to spin quickly.
B)There is little friction to slow the wind.
C)The pressure in the centre of the hurricane is very low.
D)The pressure gradient is weak.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Tornadoes
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of weather forecasting methods, which of the following defines an analysis?
A)a surface or upper-level chart that interprets the present weather patterns
B)a surface or upper-level chart used in long-range weather prediction
C)a surface or upper-level chart that compares past weather maps with those of the present
D)a surface or upper-level chart that shows the atmosphere at some future time
Q2) When examining a surface map, which of the following factors can be used to predict the movement of a surface low-pressure area?
A)orientation of the isobars behind a cold front
B)orientation of the isobars in front of warm front
C)movement during the previous two hours
D)region of greatest pressure decrease
Q3) Which of the following conditions would likely prompt the issuing of a weather watch?
A)Heavy snow has been falling over the forecast area.
B)There is a chance for tornadoes tomorrow.
C)Presently, extremely high winds are occurring at mountain summits.
D)A tornado has been sighted at the outskirts of town.
Q4) List some of the factors that affect the accuracy of atmospheric models.
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Chapter 16: Hurricanes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differences in which of the following factors are mainly responsible for the variety of climatic zones on a mountain?
A)rainfall amounts
B)relative humidity
C)atmospheric pressure
D)temperature
Q2) Which of the following climate types refers to a region that has long, very cold winters and average temperatures that exceed 10°C only during one or two months of the summer?
A)subpolar (Dfc) climate
B)alpine (An) climate
C)polar tundra (ET) climate
D)polar ice cap (EF) climate
Q3) Which of the following climate types is characteristic of middle-latitude locations that have monthly average winter temperatures below 18°C and above -3°C?
A)steppe climate
B)semi-arid climate
C)moist continental climate
D)humid subtropical climate
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Earths Changing Climate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how analysis of glacial and polar ice cores provides important clues about past climate.
Q2) Which of the following statements applies to the biogeophysical feedback mechanism that occurs in the Sahel?
A)Reduced cloud cover relates to an increase in both surface temperatures and rainfall.
B)Reduced vegetation relates to a lower surface albedo and an increase in rainfall.
C)Reduced vegetation relates to a decrease in both surface temperatures and rainfall.
D)Increased vegetation relates to an increase in surface temperatures and a decrease in rainfall.
Q3) What combination of the Earth's orbital eccentricity and the precession and obliquity of the Earth's axis produces the hottest summer temperatures in the northern hemisphere?
Q4) Briefly describe the climatic variations that have occurred since the beginning of the Pleistocene epoch to the present day.
Q5) Does deforestation act to increase or decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations?
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19
Chapter 18: Global Climate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following air conditions are indicated by a fanning shape plume rising from a smokestack?
A)inversion and unstable
B)inversion and stable
C)stable and neutral
D)neutral and inversion
Q2) Which of the following gases is a volatile organic compound otherwise known as a hydrocarbon?
A)sulphur dioxide
B)carbon dioxide
C)methane
D)ozone
Q3) Which of the following air conditions is indicated by a coning shape plume rising from a smokestack?
A)neutral
B)stable
C)unstable
D)inversion
Q4) Explain how ozone can have both a beneficial and a detrimental role in the Earth's atmosphere.
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Chapter 19: Air Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) What phenomena cause a road surface to appear wet on a hot, clear, dry day? Why does the road appear wet? How would the road appear if it really was wet?
Q2) Which of the following describes the cause of a mirage?
A)thin layer of moist air near the ground
B)reflection of light from a hot surface
C)bending of light by air of different densities
D)scattering of light by air molecules
Q3) Due to atmospheric refraction, which of the following explains the appearance of a star seen near the Earth's horizon?
A)It is actually much farther away than it appears.
B)It is actually much dimmer than it appears.
C)It is actually slightly lower than it appears.
D)It is actually slightly higher than it appears.
Q4) Which of the following processes results in halos?
A)diffraction of light by cloud droplets
B)refraction of light passing through ice crystals
C)scattering of light by ice crystals
D)refraction of light passing through raindrops
Q5) Why do distant mountains appear blue?
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