Applied Linguistics
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Applied Linguistics is the study of language and its practical applications in real-world contexts. This course explores the relationship between language theory and practice, examining how linguistic knowledge can be used to solve problems related to language teaching, learning, policy, translation, and communication. Students will investigate topics such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, and language assessment, gaining insights into how language operates within diverse social, educational, and professional environments. The course emphasizes current issues, research methodologies, and the critical evaluation of language use across cultures and communities.
Recommended Textbook
Language Development 4th Edition by Erika Hoff
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
10 Chapters
551 Verified Questions
551 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3900 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Language Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77676
Sample Questions
Q1) The dynamical systems theory (DST) is based on
A) the premise that language is a static system of knowledge in a dynamic culture.
B) the view that language emerges as a result of a series and number of interactions.
C) the outcomes of research on cognitive development.
D) theories related to the concept of the language acquisition device.
Answer: B
Q2) The formalist view of language entails:
A) the view that language is formally learned in a ritualistic manner.
B) the understanding that language learning is prescribed by cultural rules.
C) the view that the human mind has a faculty for language learning that is a computational-representational system.
D) Studying language in a computer-based methodology.
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Language Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77675
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on functions of the left hemisphere demonstrates that:
A) analytical processing is primarily a function of the left hemisphere.
B) musical processing engages the left hemisphere.
C) the organization of the left hemisphere is especially suited for language processing.
D) None of these answers are true.
Answer: A
Q2) Right-hemisphere lesion patients sometimes:
A) have severe pathology in speech production.
B) have increased capacity in the corpus callosum.
C) have limited use of syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
D) produce abnormal intonation contour when speaking, as well as have difficulties recognizing emotional tone.
Answer: C
Q3) Non-biological influences on second language acquisition include:
A) input conditions, which differ between children and adults.
B) the age at which the learner is exposed to the new language.
C) social and psychological variables.
D) All of these answers are true.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Communicative Development: Foundations and Functions of Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77674
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers suggest that language function and language form:
A) are learned as independent functions.
B) develop parallel, one to the other.
C) are interconnected.
D) are not clearly understood.
Answer: C
Q2) Illocutionary refers to:
A) communication to a listener that is produced with intention .
B) a phase of communication in early childhood development.
C) communication to a listener that is produced without intention.
D) communication that occurs in infanthood.
Answer: D
Q3) When adults do not understand children's communication,
A) younger children revise their message
B) younger children repeat themselves and use signals to communicate
C) older children repeat themselves
D) older and younger children attempt clarification in the same way
Answer: B
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Phonological Development: Learning the Sounds of Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77673
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers studying speech perception in infants learned that:
A) infants have few skills or ability to discriminate between vowels and consonants.
B) infants have few skills or ability to discriminate between different kinds of vowels.
C) infants can discriminate almost all sound contrasts before 4 months of age.
D) infants can discriminate only consonants before 4 months of age.
Q2) Infants' development of speech sounds is:
A) determined by the maturation rate of their limbic system.
B) based on their social interaction with caregivers.
C) determined in large part by such environmental factors as the child's family and socioeconomic conditions.
D) influenced by the growth of their muscles, sensory receptors in the vocal tract and changes in how their tongue fills their mouth.
Q3) In the earliest stage of prespeech development, infants produce primarily:
A) non-reduplicated babbling
B) cooing and laughter
C) reflexive crying and vegetative sounds
D) reduplicated babbling
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 6
Chapter 5: Lexical Development: Learning Words
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77672
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two hypotheses about the underlying factors to the word spurt and compare them for adequacy of explanation.
Q2) ____________________ was one of the early researchers on the use of syntax to acquire new vocabulary.
A) Lewis Carrol
B) Roger Brown
C) Letitia Nagles
D) Gelman & Taylor (1984)
Q3) Words that refer to things are called:
A) prelexical words
B) nominal
C) proto words
D) descriptors
Q4) One of the first words of a young child was "go." For almost a month, the child said this word only when her mother was buckling her in her car seat. This is an example of:
A) a mental lexicon
B) a proto word
C) context-bound word use
D) a hyper word
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: The Development of Syntax and Morphology:
Learning the Structure of Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77671
Sample Questions
Q1) Children's early multiwords utterances:
A) include combinations of function words and descriptors.
B) express declaratives and negations.
C) generally include bound morphemes.
D) most commonly refer to the here and now.
Q2) Describe the meaning of semantic bootstrapping, compare and contrast literature on the significance of it in child language development.
Q3) Review the text discussion of the role of language experience and discuss the meaning of the phonological bootstrapping hypothesis.
Q4) Chomsky's view that mothers model language with errors and thus children have errorful language is:
A) challenged by child language researchers.
B) the basis for the phonological bootstrapping hyptothesis.
C) the basis for the prosodic bootstrapping hypothesis.
D) None of these answers are true.
Q5) Describe the research on how children's experience with language influences development of grammatical knowledge.
Page 8
Q6) Describe the stages of grammatical development in early multiword utterances.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Language, Culture, and Cognition in Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77670
Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and briefly describe the main points in the text regarding the cultural influences on language development.
Q2) Studies of children and their use of grammatical gender in language indicate:
A) different results from studies of adults.
B) similar results to studies of adults.
C) that Spanish-speaking children do not encode gender into their language at a young age.
D) that English-speaking children have mixed use of gender categories at a young age.
Q3) Studies from the 1960's and 1970's regarding the Whorfian Hypothesis indicated that:
A) the color lexicon was determined by perception and memory for color.
B) words for color in a language affect memory for color.
C) color perception may have been too narrowly defined and further research on the hypothesis is required.
D) colors in an environment determine the lexical complexity for color terms.
Q4) Describe findings in research on the encoding of spatial relations in language and in thought.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Childhood Bilingualism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77669
Sample Questions
Q1) Three major studies that compared grammatical development in bilinguals to monolinguals indicated that:
A) bilinguals develop grammatical knowledge in the same process and timeframe as monolinguals.
B) bilinguals have difficulty acquiring grammatical knowledge.
C) bilinguals mix languages and frequently produce errors.
D) monolinguals are slower than bilinguals to acquire proficient use of grammar.
Q2) Bilingual programs reviewed by Cummins and Corson (1997) were reviewed according to:
A) whether the medium of instruction was a minority language or not.
B) the official status of the language of instruction or the minority language.
C) the language goals of the country.
D) All of these answers are true.
Q3) Studies comparing bilingual to monolingual children indicate that ______________ children acquire vocabulary at a ________ rate than/as __________ children.
A) monolingual; similar; bilingual
B) bilingual; similar; monolingual
C) monolingual; slower; bilingual
D) bilingual; slower; monolingual
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Language in School Years
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77668
Sample Questions
Q1) How children develop phonological awareness is a subject of research on:
A) teaching songs, nursery rhymes, and word games in any given culture.
B) early childhood cognitive development.
C) child speech production.
D) secondary language activity, including reading.
Q2) Studies of conversational style in older children focus on issues regarding ______________.
A) current topics
B) identity or role of the speaker
C) rate of speech and dialect
D) gender and language
Q3) Research on the relationship reading to high school graduation levels indicates that:
A) Who do not read well have the greatest potential to drop out of high school.
B) English as second language learners have poor reading levels and high drop out rates.
C) That reading levels do not relate to oral language skills.
D) Computer literacy is a key requirement for graduation.
Q4) Explain how the text defines "compounding" and discuss theories on how and when children acquire this skill.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Language Development in Special Populations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77667
Sample Questions
Q1) Analyze the implications of research on language development in deaf children, with or without having a cochlear implant.
Q2) The chatterbox syndrome among individuals with mental retardation:
A) demonstrates a fluent and grammatically accurate understanding of language.
B) brings up questions among researchers about the connections between language and cognition.
C) demonstrates that language and cognition are not connected.
D) demonstrates a clear picture of the relationship between age and language level.
Q3) Studies of children who have blindness and their use of phonology in language learning indicates:
A) there is little difference between these children and children who are sighted.
B) eye gaze limits their articulatory abilities.
C) more errors are made in use of highly visible sounds such as /b/, /m/, and /f/.
D) None of these answers are true.
Q4) Describe the salient issues regarding language development for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Include discussion of cochlear implants.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12