Course Introduction
Applied Electronics
Pre-Test Questions
Applied Electronics introduces students to the principles and practical applications of electronic devices and circuits in modern technology. The course covers topics such as semiconductor devices (diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers), circuit analysis and design, analog and digital electronics, and the use of electronic instruments for measurement and troubleshooting. Emphasis is placed on hands-on learning through laboratory experiments and projects that demonstrate the operation and integration of electronic components in real-world systems, preparing students to solve practical engineering problems in various fields such as communications, automation, and embedded systems.
Recommended Textbook
Electronic Principles 8th Edition by Albert Paul Malvino Dr
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) A dc current source produces a constant load current
A) for different load resistances.
B) for constant load resistances only.
C) by using a constant voltage source.
D) by using alternating current.
Answer: A
Q2) When can the source resistance be ignored?
A) when it is at least 100 times smaller than the load resistance
B) when it is at least 10 times smaller than the load resistance
C) when it is equal to the load resistance
D) never
Answer: A
Q3) An ideal dc voltage source produces a load voltage
A) that is variable.
B) that is constant.
C) that is zero.
D) that is greater than 250 volts.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Semoconductors
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Q1) The temperature of the surrounding air is called
A) ambient.
B) surround sound.
C) atmospheriC.
D) Centigrade.
Answer: A
Q2) In an n-type semiconductor,the free electrons are called the A) minority carriers.
B) majority carriers.
C) holes.
D) ions.
Answer: B
Q3) What type of atoms are added to molten silicon in order to increase the number of free electrons?
A) pentavalent
B) trivalent
C) covalent
D) positive
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Diode Theory Key
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ratio of total diode voltage to total diode current is the A) bulk resistance.
B) dc resistance.
C) reactance.
D) impedance.
Answer: B
Q2) Surface mount diodes are large and ine cient.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The sum of the ohmic resistances is called the A) depletion layer.
B) ohmmeter.
C) impedance.
D) bulk resistance.
Answer: D
Q4) The dc resistance of a diode is the same as the bulk resistance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Diode Circuits
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Sample Questions
Q1) By using rectifier diodes and operating at 60 Hz,what type of power supply can be configured?
A) IC
B) voltage doubler
C) passive
D) clipper
Q2) Phasing dots that appear at the upper ends of the transformer's schematic symbol mean that the dotted ends have the
A) same instantaneous phase.
B) opposite instantaneous phase.
C) iron core insert.
D) connection for 60 Hz input.
Q3) The full-wave rectifier is equivalent to three half-wave rectifiers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The capacitor-input filter produces a dc output voltage equal to the peak value of the rectified voltage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Special-Purpose Diodes Key
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Q1) With a varactor diode,the more it is reversed bias,its capacitance
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.
D) increases to 27 µF.
Q2) What type of cable is comprised of thin flexible fibers of glass or plastic that transmit light beams instead of free electrons?
A) coaxial
B) stranded copper cable
C) fiber-optic
D) wave guide
Q3) What type of instrument can be used to test for a continuous path for current to flow?
A) voltmeter
B) ammeter
C) oscilloscope
D) continuity tester
Q4) The positive resistance of tunnel diodes is useful in oscillator circuits.
A)True
B)False
7
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Chapter 6: BJT Fumdamentals
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Q1) When working with h parameter analysis,the symbol for current gain is ________.
A) bDC
B) hFE
C) <sup>a</sup>FED.
D) D
Q2) The emitter of a bipolar junction transistor is lightly doped and the base is heavily doped.
A)True
B)False
Q3) High-power transistors (over 1 W)typically have current gains of ________.
A) 1 to 10
B) 10 to 20
C) 20 to 100
D) 100 to 1000
Q4) In a system of analysis called h parameters,hFE is defined as the symbol for thermal resistance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: BJT Biasing
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Q1) What type transistor is used when the electronics equipment has a negative power supply?
A) field effect
B) small-signal
C) npn
D) pnp
Q2) The schematic diagram of a pnp transistor shows
A) the emitter as an arrow pointing in.
B) the emitter as an arrow pointing out.
C) the collector as an arrow pointing in.
D) the collector as an arrow pointing out.
Q3) Emitter-feedback bias uses a resistor that provides negative feedback in attempt to stabilize the operating point.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Collector-feedback bias is also called
A) collector-follower bias.
B) emitter-feedback bias.
C) voltage-divider bias.
D) self-bias.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Basic BJT Amplifiers
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Q1) The stretching and compressing of alternate half cycles at the output of a transistor amplifier is called ________.
A) oscillation
B) amplification
C) distortion
D) extortion
Q2) What is one way to minimize distortion?
A) use batteries only
B) keep amplifier dc supply voltages low
C) use ICs
D) keep ac base voltages small
Q3) The ac equivalent circuit model called the Ebers-Moll looks like a P on its side and is sometimes called a P model.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The reactance of a coupling capacitor at dc voltage is ________.
A) zero
B) infinite
C) 100 kW
D) 1.414 W
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Multistage,CC,and CB Amplifiers
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Q1) A zener follower is a circuit that combines a zener regulator and a common emitter.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A common-base circuit can be used to couple a
A) high impedance source to a low impedance load.
B) low impedance source to a high impedance load.
C) high impedance source to a high impedance load.
D) low impedance source to a low impedance load.
Q3) The emitter follower can be considered a
A) voltage amplifier.
B) power amplifier.
C) a current attenuator.
D) a power supply.
Q4) Used with a zener diode,an emitter follower can produce regulated output voltages with much larger currents.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Power Amplifiers
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Q1) The efficiency of a power amplifier is equal to the
A) ac output power divided by the dc input power.
B) ac output power divided by the ac input power.
C) dc output power divided by the dc input power.
D) dc output power divided by the ac input power.
Q2) What factor places a limit on the allowable power dissipation of a transistor?
A) power supply
B) transistor case style
C) emitter-base junction
D) temperature at the collector junction
Q3) When a transistor operates as class B,it clips off half a cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the emitter follower is used as a class A power amplifier at the end of a system,the operating point is typically located at the center of the ac load line
A) to get maximum peak-to-peak output.
B) to reduce the peak-to-peak output.
C) to keep the amplifier close to saturation.
D) to assure that clipping takes place.
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Chapter 11: JFETS
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Q1) In the schematic symbol for a p-channel JFET,the gate arrow points out.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A graph of drain current versus voltage gate to source is called
A) drain curve.
B) transconductance curve.
C) gate curve.
D) conductance curve.
Q3) The JFET is a
A) voltage-controlled device.
B) current-controlled device.
C) bipolar device.
D) nonlinear device.
Q4) What is the type of JFET circuit that has the ac signal coupled to the gate and the output taken from the drain?
A) common source
B) common drain
C) common gate
D) source follower
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Chapter 12: Mosfets
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Q1) A p-channel D-MOSFET consists of a drain-to-source p-channel,along with an n-type substrate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A circuit that converts an input direct current voltage to an output dc voltage that is either higher or lower is called
A) an inverter.
B) a multiplexer.
C) a dc-to-ac converter.
D) a dc-to-dc converter.
Q3) When the gate voltage of the E-MOSFET is well above the threshold voltage,the device switches from cutoff to saturation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The minimum gate to source voltage that causes current to flow from source to drain is called the saturation voltage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Thyristors
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Q1) A transistor circuit that remains in either the closed or opened state indefinitely is referred to as a latch.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The angle at which the SCR is triggered on is called the
A) conduction angle.
B) production angle.
C) trigger angle.
D) firing angle.
Q3) A device that can be used to form a pulse generating circuit called a relaxation oscillator is
A) a UJT.
B) an SCR.
C) a silicon controlled switch.
D) a diaC.
Q4) The triac can control current
A) in both directions.
B) in only one direction.
C) only if the gate voltage is negative.
D) only if it is dC.
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Chapter 14: Frequency Effects
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Q1) A designer can use direct coupling between amplifier stages in order to amplify down to zero hertz.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The total decibel voltage gain of two cascaded stages equals the sum of the individual decibel voltage gains.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In music,the word octave refers to eight times the frequency.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The total voltage gain of a two-stage cascaded amplifier is the sum of the individual voltage gains.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An entry on a data sheet that lists the frequency limitation of an op amp is the
A) unity-gain frequency.
B) reverse breakover frequency.
C) cutoff frequency.
D) notch frequency.
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Chapter 15: Differential Amplifiers
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Q1) Because a diff amp shares a common emitter resistor,it is sometimes called
A) a sharing amp.
B) an emitter sharing amp.
C) a short-tail pair.
D) a long-tail pair.
Q2) What op amp data sheet characteristic is defined as the input voltage that would produce the same output error voltage in a perfect diff amp?
A) input difference voltage
B) input error voltage
C) input bias voltage
D) input offset voltage
Q3) A differential amplifier output requires that the load is single-ended and has one end grounded.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The input offset voltage is defined as the input voltage that would produce the same output error voltage in a perfect diff amp.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Operational Amplifiers
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Q1) What is the term used to describe the action of an op amp when,for example,the noninverting input voltage increases,the inverting input voltage immediately increases to the same value?
A) virtual ground
B) mixing
C) multiplexing
D) bootstrapping
Q2) What type of op amp circuit uses feedback to stabilize the overall gain,increase the input impedance,and decrease the output impedance?
A) inverting
B) noninverting
C) comparator
D) mixer
Q3) The fastest response that an op amp can have is represented by its A) slew rate.
B) frequency response.
C) compensating capacitor.
D) voltage gain.
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18
Chapter 17: Negative Feedback
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Q1) For a given op amp,the gain-bandwidth product is
A) very low.
B) very high.
C) a variable.
D) a constant.
Q2) Loop gain is the op amp's voltage gain of the forward and feedback paths.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Negative feedback can stabilize voltage gain,increase input impedance,and decrease output impedance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term describes the action of negative feedback that almost eliminates the internal op amp variations and makes the closed-loop voltage gain dependent primarily on external resistances?
A) regulates
B) attenuates
C) stabilizes
D) neutralizes
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Chapter 18: Linear OP AMP Circuits
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Q1) An ac-coupled amplifier needs a frequency response down to zero hertz.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When an input signal drives both inputs of an op amp,both inverting and noninverting amplification occur at the same time and the output is the
A) sum of the two amplified signals.
B) product of the two amplified signals.
C) Thevenin's voltage of the two amplified signals.
D) superposition of the two amplified signals.
Q3) Which op amp circuit produces an output voltage with the same magnitude as the input voltage,but with a phase angle that can be varied continuously between 0° and 180°?
A) inverter
B) converter
C) phase shifter
D) comparator
Q4) The voltage gain of a circuit known as a sign changer can be varied from -1 to 1.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Active Filters Key
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Q1) Which filter will always produce the least roll-off of all the approximations?
A) Butterworth
B) Chebyshev
C) Bessel
D) elliptic
Q2) Which filter has a fast roll-off,but has ripples appear in the passband of the frequency response?
A) Butterworth
B) Chebyshev
C) Bessel
D) elliptic
Q3) A method used to correct for limited GBW is ________.
A) attenuation
B) damping
C) predistortion
D) multiple-feedback
Q4) The bandstop filter is sometimes called a notch filter because it removes all frequencies in the stopband.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuit Applications Key
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Q1) Some optimized comparators have diode clamps built into input stages in order to protect sensitive circuits.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Monolithic op amps are inexpensive,versatile,and reliable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Some of the more sophisticated Class D amps use a MOSFET H-bridge circuit for the switching devices an can attain efficiencies upwards from
A) 25 percent.
B) 50 percent.
C) 70 percent.
D) 85 percent.
Q4) What is the circuit whose output voltage ideally switches from low to high or vice versa whenever the input voltage crosses zero?
A) comparator
B) integrator
C) differentiator
D) oscillator
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Chapter 21: Oscillators Key
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Q1) A phase-locked loop can be used as
A) an oscillator.
B) a voltage regulator.
C) an FM demodulator.
D) a multiplexer.
Q2) A phase-shift oscillator will oscillate if three lead circuits produce a total phase shift of ________.
A) 90°
B) 180°
C) 270°
D) 360°
Q3) Some function generator ICs are well suited for electronic communications applications since they have an output impedance of ________.
A) 5000
B) 2.5 M
C) 30
D) 600
Q4) A twin-T filter acts like a lead-lag circuit with a changing phase angle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Regulated Power Supplies Key
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Q1) What is the condition called when the regulator will cut off the pass transistor and shut down the operation if the chip temperature becomes too high?
A) cutoff
B) temperature saturation
C) temperature shut off
D) thermal shutdown
Q2) A simple voltage regulator can be built with a zener diode.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When analyzing a voltage regulator,what is the difference between the input and the output voltage called?
A) difference voltage
B) delta
C) inductive kick
D) headroom voltage
Q4) The headroom voltage is defined as the difference between the input and output voltage.
A)True
B)False
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