Course Introduction
Applied Criminology Practice
Questions
Applied Criminology explores the practical application of criminological theories, research, and techniques to understand, prevent, and respond to crime in real-world settings. This course examines various facets of crime analysis, crime prevention strategies, criminal profiling, and the roles of law enforcement and community agencies. Students will engage with contemporary case studies and policy debates to develop skills in critically evaluating criminal justice interventions, implementing evidence-based practices, and addressing emerging trends and challenges in crime control. Through both theoretical and hands-on learning, the course prepares students to apply criminological knowledge effectively in professions such as policing, corrections, policy-making, and social services.
Recommended Textbook
Criminology The Essentials 3rd Edition by Anthony Walsh
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of Crime and Criminology
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Q1) Lombroso's theory of the born criminal was aligned with which school of thought?
A)biosocial
B)classical
C)positivist
D)psychological
Answer: C
Q2) The belief that science can provide answers for everything is most characteristic of the ______ school of thought.
A)ideological
B)positivist
C)progressive
D)renaissance
Answer: B
Q3) During the Progressive Era (from about 1890 to 1920), ______ became the primary disciplinary home of criminology.
A)biology
B)psychology
C)sociology
D)theology
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Which of the following data sources allows researchers to correlate a variety of characteristics of respondents, such as the trait of impulsiveness, with their admitted offenses?
A)UCR
B)NCVS
C)NIBRS
D)self-report surveys
Answer: D
Q2) The term index crime refers to
A)the nation's murder rate
B)Part I offenses on the UCR
C)Part II offenses on the UCR
D)the rate of violent victimizations reported on the NCVS
Answer: B
Q3) Identify one weakness of self-report surveys.
Answer: It does not provide a good measure of serious crimes; it is subject to the dishonesty of respondents; most of these studies are based on convenience samples.
Q4) What does NIBRS stand for?
Answer: National Incident-Based Reporting System
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Chapter 3: Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Violent victimization is an important risk factor for subsequent violent offending. A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) Identify one occupation that has one of the highest risks for victimization.
Answer: police officers; correctional officers; taxi drivers
Q3) Many criminologists have disparaged victim precipitation theory as victim-blaming.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which of the following is not an occupation most at risk for workplace violence?
A)postal worker
B)police officer
C)corrections officer
D)taxi driver
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Early Schools of Criminology
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Q1) Which two theorists are most often associated with the classical school?
Q2) The philosopher the most closely associated with the principle of utility was
A)Cesare Lombroso
B)Jeremy Bentham
C)Adolphe Quetelet
D)Cesare Beccaria
Q3) Social defense theorists view crime in terms of Bentham's principle of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Raffael Garofalo, societies can only be protected from ______ criminals by swiftly executing them, regardless of the crime for which they were being punished.
A)endemic
B)extreme
C)impulsive
D)professional
Q5) Briefly describe cartographic criminology.
Q6) Define hedonism.
Q7) What is meant by utility?
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Chapter 5: Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and
Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Cultural criminology may also be called ______ because it references state repression and oppression and calls for resistance.
Q2) Routine activities theory looks at crime from the points of view of both the offender and of crime prevention efforts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How can affluence be a cause of crime?
Q4) Cultural criminology emphasizes the role of emotions in instigating criminal behavior rather than rationality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cultural criminology theory looks at much of modern crime as the result of the breakdown of the economy and politics.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Because guilt is psychologically punitive, it motivates individuals to do what two things?
Q7) What is choice structuring?
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Chapter 6: Social Structural Theories
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Q1) According to Robert Merton's theory, what causes strain?
Q2) Anomie is a term meaning normlessness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Walter Miller's theory of focal concerns was based on the premise that A)Access to illegitimate opportunities varies along with access to legitimate opportunities.
B)American culture is inherently criminogenic due to the value placed on economic success.
C)Lower-class individuals form counter-cultural beliefs in reaction to their status deprivation.
D)Lower-class values must be viewed on their own terms, not as negations of the middle class.
Q4) Identify and explain the sources of strain according to Robert Agnew's general strain theory.How do negative emotionality and constraint relate to strain according to Agnew?
Q5) Briefly explain commodification and decommodification.
Q6) Identify the three variables most strongly and consistently associated with rates of crime and delinquency in urban settings according to social disorganization theory.
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Chapter 7: Social Process Theories
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Q1) The view that offenders are risk-taking, oriented to the present, and lacking in patience, is most representative of which theory?
A)differential association theory
B)self-control theory
C)social learning theory
D)social bonding theory
Q2) Describe both differential association theory and social learning theory.Compare and contrast what the two theories have in common, and how they differ?
Q3) Provide an example of positive and negative reinforcements.
Q4) Identify and explain the five techniques of neutralization according to Sykes and Matza's work.Provide one example of each.
Q5) Explain the primary concepts of differential association theory.Identify some of the nine propositions and discuss the purpose of definitions.
Q6) Describe Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory.What is self-control? It is stable? What is the role of opportunity in regard to self-control theory?
Q7) Identify one possible policy implication of differential association theory.
Q8) Define social control.
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Chapter 8: Critical and Feminist Theories
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Q1) A woman obtains a job as a sales representative.She realizes that when she works late at night, there is little oversight, and she could easily steal from the cash register without detection.This woman's foray into crime is most consistent with the ______ hypothesis.
A)emancipation
B)gender-ratio
C)masculinization
D)staying alive
Q2) The ______ hypothesis argues that the woman's liberation movement has generated efforts by women to free themselves from the power of men, but by doing so they have freed men from their traditional roles as providers.
A)masculinization
B)emancipation
C)economic marginalization
D)generalizability
Q3) According to Marx, which two parties are involved in class struggle?
Q4) Gender (being male) is the single best predictor of criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior
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Q1) The ______ carries out the basic housekeeping functions of the body by funneling messages from the environment to the various internal organs so that they may keep the organism in a state of biological balance.
A)ANS
B)EEG
C)PCL-R
D)RAS
Q2) The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully [and] think rationally is part of the person's______.
A)altruism
B)intelligence
C)personality
D)temperament
Q3) Briefly describe the contributions of lifestyle theory.
Q4) Define and discuss the traits associated with criminal behavior.Which traits are positively associated with offending? Which traits are negatively associated with offending?
Q5) Identify two personality traits that have been found to have a strong relationship to criminality.
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Chapter 10: Biosocial Approaches
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Q1) The two forms of competitive/victimizing behavior (CVB) include
A)violent and victimless
B)antisocial and prosocial
C)biological and social
D)crude and sophisticated
Q2) Evolutionary psychologists refer to the illegitimate acquisition of resources as A)criminal
B)cheating
C)lying
D)unfair advancement
Q3) The reward dominance theory comes from which school of thought?
A)behavior genetics
B)evolutionary psychology
C)neuroscience
D)psychology
Q4) Briefly define behavior genetics.
Q5) Identify the three types of rGE.
Q6) What are polymorphisms?
Q7) Briefly explain the concept of "biopsychosocial" integration.
Q8) What is the flight/fight system?
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Chapter 11: Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to
Crime to Desistance
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Q1) The central distinction drawn by Moffitt's dual pathway developmental theory is between ______ and ______ offenders.
A)adolescent limited; life-course persistent
B)married; unmarried
C)urban; rural
D)violent; property
Q2) Compare and contrast Agnew's super traits theory and Moffitt's dual pathway theory.How are they similar? How are they different?
Q3) ______ is a hormone that underlies and facilitates dominance and aggression.
A)adrenaline
B)estrogen
C)serotonin
D)testosterone
Q4) _____ is a legal term that distinguishes between youthful offenders and adult offenders that has its origins in the concept of culpability.
A)childhood
B)delinquent
C)juvenile
D)minor
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Chapter 12: Crimes of Violence
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Q1) Discuss the history of homicide in the United States.
Q2) The code of the streets calls for the bold display of the latest status symbol clothing and accessories.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What proportion of rape victims typically reports their assaults to the police?
A)Just under a quarter
B)Slightly more than half
C)Over three fourths
D)Less than one third
Q4) What are competitively disadvantaged males?
Q5) What proportion of female murders is committed by their intimate partners?
A)just under a quarter
B)slightly more than half
C)over three fourths
D)more than one third
Q6) Why are subcultures of violence and honor subcultures considered the same thing? Discuss possible distinctions between the two.
Q7) What is the definition of aggravated assault?
Q8) What is an "honor subculture"?
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Chapter 13: Terrorism
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Q1) Most terrorists are young unmarried males.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the history of al-Qaeda and how it resulted in the attacks on September 11.
Q3) The earliest known terrorist group was
A)al-Qaeda
B)Hizballah
C)Ismailis
D)Sicarrii
Q4) In terrorist groups, those categorized as ______ tend to be socially alienated, narcissistic, arrogant, and intelligent, with a deeply idealistic sense of right and wrong.
A)antisocial personalities
B)charismatic leaders
C)followers
D)hedonists
Q5) Modern technology has made it easier to carry out terrorist attacks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Property Crime
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Q1) Burglary statutes contain common language and are extremely similar in each state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fact that shoplifters report engaging in the crime because it is easy, low-risk, and abundant in opportunity is consistent with which theory of crime?
A)differential association theory
B)rational choice theory
C)social bond theory
D)strain theory
Q3) Burglary statutes are
A)not utilized in many states
B)contain common language and are extremely similar in each state
C)apply to only the most serious offenses
D)are a hodgepodge of laws covering a variety of conduct
Q4) What is the most common form of larceny/theft in the United States?
A)pocket-picking
B)purse snatching
C)theft of bicycles
D)theft from motor vehicles
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Chapter 15: Public Order Crime
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Q1) Most drug use by adolescents will eventually develop into addiction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Type ______ alcoholism is characterized by mild abuse and minimal criminality, and tends to begin later in life.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
Q3) Binge drinking and driving while intoxicated are two of the largest concerns regarding alcohol and crime.Discuss why, using information learned in class.
Q4) What general criteria are used by the DEA in determining how to classify chemical substances?
Q5) Drug use tends to peak between the ages of______, before dropping off sharply.
A)12-14
B)18-20
C)22-24
D)28-30
Q6) How does the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) define drug addiction?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: White-Collar Crime
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Q1) Identify and describe all of the different types of cybercrime discussed in your text.
Q2) What is Machiavellianism?
Q3) Most white-collar crime is committed by persons of particularly high status.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss Walters and Geyer's (2004) findings and the limitations of their study.
Q5) The cost of medical fraud resulting from unnecessary and overpriced medical tests and treatments, administrative fees, and other fraud was estimated at $750 billion in 2009.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ______ refers to the unprincipled manipulation of others for personal gain.
A)caveat emptor
B)laissez-faire
C)Machiavellianism
D)Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Q7) What is occupational crime?
Q8) Describe Plato's allegory and what message was he trying to convey?
Q9) What is corporate crime?
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Chapter 17: Organized Crime
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Q1) The view of La Cosa Nostra as a loose connection of criminal groups held together by kinship and patronage is known as the ______ model.
A)corporate
B)feudal
C)hierarchical
D)organizational
Q2) Name 5 of the 11 organized crime groups identified by the President's Commission on Organized Crime.?Possible Answers: La Cosa Nostra, outlaw motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, Triads and Tongs, Vietnamese gangs, Yakuza, Marielitos, Columbian cocaine rings, Irish, Russian, Canadian
Q3) The ______ of La Cosa Nostra is groomed for succession to the top position.
A)Counselor
B)Don
C)Soldier
D)Underboss
Q4) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act outlawed the consumption and manufacturing of alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the link between political corruption and organized crime.
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