Applied Cognitive Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Applied Cognitive Psychology explores the practical applications of cognitive psychology theories and research in real-world settings. The course examines how people's perceptions, memories, decision-making processes, and problem-solving abilities affect everyday life, including fields such as education, law, health, and the workplace. Students will analyze case studies and contemporary issues to understand how cognitive principles can be utilized to improve learning, enhance eyewitness testimony, design user-friendly interfaces, and promote effective communication strategies. Emphasis is placed on bridging theory and practice, enabling students to critically assess how cognitive psychology informs and shapes solutions to practical problems.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 2nd Edition by Ronald T. Kellogg
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The default network of the brain includes
A)the interior cingulate gyrus
B)the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus
C)the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D)the thalamus and hypothalamus
Answer: B
Q2) A method used by cognitive psychologists to isolate the properties of a single stage of processing is called
A)the method of titration
B)the method of verbal protocols
C)the method of interaction
D)the method of subtraction
Answer: D
Q3) Anthropology and linguistics make contributions to cognitive science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The face module allows rapid, unconscious, and automatic processing as illustrated by
A)forming first impressions of personality traits within 100 milliseconds
B)increasing confidence in our personality judgments after 1 second of face exposure
C)perceiving faces upside down in the same way as right side up
D)all of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Holistic processing contrasts with A)top-down processing
B)automatic processing
C)analytic processing
D)modular processing
Answer: C
Q3) Which structure is not part of the visual pathway in the brain?
A)occipital lobe
B)optic chiasm
C)lateral geniculate nucleus
D)frontal lobe
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a way for a process to become automatic?
A)storage in short-term memory
B)extensive practice
C)instruction by lectures and demonstrations
D)instruction given under hypnosis
Answer: B
Q2) Feature integration predicts that
A)finding a red X in a display that includes fifty red Os and fifty blue Xs would demand focused attention.
B)a person would first recognize a large brown object then recognize it is a bear
C)finding a red X in a display of fifty red Os and red Xs would not demand focused attention.
D)all of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Because subliminal, unattended information avoid conscious defense mechanisms, it is stored well in long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Memory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose you learn list A and then list B.A test shows that you have forgotten items on list A.This illustrates
A)decay
B)consolidation
C)proactive interference
D)retroactive interference
Q2) Successfully recall a word from a particular serial position could reflect retrieval from either the short or long-term memory store.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which theory blames forgetting on the lack of availability of memories?
A)cue dependent
B)decay
C)proactive interference
D)retroactive interference
Q4) Describe three of the following types of memory: echoic sensory memory, iconic sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory.Remember to include characteristics such as capacity and duration.
Q5) Explain the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
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Chapter 5: Remembering Events
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mnemonic method based on locations and imagery is called the A)pegword method
B)method of loci
C)spatial method
D)keyword method
Q2) Vivid, photographic recollection of an unexpected event is called
A)flashbulb memory
B)total recall
C)hypermnesia
D)none of the above
Q3) Remembering to carry out an action at some point in the future is called
A)proactive interference
B)prospective memory
C)conditioned responding
D)self-referenced memory
Q4) Hypnosis and other techniques can evoke false memories.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Draw the taxonomy of long-term memory.
Q6) List five factors that affect memory encoding.
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Chapter 6: Memory Distortions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schemas help _______ memories.
A)distort
B)construct
C)encode
D)all of the above
Q2) Repression of memories can take place during
A)childhood
B)adolescence
C)adulthood
D)all of the above
Q3) ________ is a defense mechanism that prevents unpleasant memories from entering consciousness by anxiety.
A)Repression
B)Regression
C)Leveling
D)Amnesia
Q4) Explain three processes that contribute to the inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony.How does each process work to create false memories?
Q5) When recalling a story, what kind of distortions can arise?
Q6) Explain an argument challenging the validity of trauma-induced amnesia.
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Chapter 7: Imagery and Knowledge Representation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Propositional codes and imaginal codes differ in that:
A)propositions alone code objects
B)images alone are analogs of objects
C)propositions alone are perceptual representations
D)images alone are abstract representations
Q2) Which of the following is an automatic process involved in schema acquisition or learning?
A)elaborative rehearsal
B)frequency counting
C)conservative focusing
D)hypothesis testing
Q3) Pretending begins:
A)at birth
B)around two years of age
C)around 6 years of age
D)around 18 years of age
Q4) Less storage space in the brain is needed under the cognitive economy assumption.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) 16 A sentence can serve several functions including a request for information, a command, a description, and so forth.The study of these social functions refers to A)pragmatics
B)grammar
C)syntax
D)semantics
Q2) A symptom of someone with aphasia is
A)the inability to speak
B)the inability to comprehend
C)lesion or damage to the left hemisphere
D)all of the above
Q3) Reading speed is normally about 250-300 words per minute.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Kintsch's model of text comprehension, the gist of a story corresponds to
A)the micropropositions
B)the macropropositions
C)the text base
D)the referential coherence
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Chapter 9: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do cats solve the problem of being confined?
A)productively think
B)reproductively think
C)develop creative ways to escape
D)gain the insight needed so it couldn't be confined again
Q2) The nine dot problem (connect all dots with no more than three straight lines)illustrates that people
A)often forget problem goals
B)often impose unnecessary constraints
C)often fail to impose sufficient constraints
D)often forget the givens of a problem
Q3) Which of the following is not a possible explanation for incubation effects?
A)The problem-solver continues to work on the problem unconsciously.
B)The problem-solver returns to the problem alert and rested.
C)The problem-solver escapes interference from retrieving wrong solutions.
D)The problem-solver avoids premise misinterpretation.
Q4) Most humans are creative in a historical sense.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Reasoning and Decision Making
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Q1) Suppose an executive creates a model of her business, including such factors as product demand, trade restrictions, and labor costs.Then she imagines how these factors will play out in the coming year.She uses the predictions as a way of making decisions about whether to hire or fire workers.The executive is relying on the A)representativeness heuristic
B)availability heuristic
C)simulation heuristic
D)means end heuristic
Q2) Joe went to the riverboat and bet on the craps shooter hitting seven as the total of the two dice.Joe won with this bet six times in a row.He then shifted his bet against the shooter on the seventh roll.This decision was probably
A)influenced by probability theory
B)influenced by the atmosphere hypothesis
C)influenced by the gambler's fallacy
D)influenced by the shooter's luck
Q3) The belief that one "can't lose" is known as the gambler's fallacy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning.
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