Applied Behavioral Analysis Methods
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Applied Behavioral Analysis Methods explores the principles, techniques, and ethical considerations of using behavioral interventions to bring about meaningful changes in behavior. Through the study of foundational concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and shaping, students learn to design, implement, and evaluate evidence-based interventions across diverse settings, including education, clinical, and organizational environments. Emphasis is placed on data collection, behavior measurement, functional behavior assessment, and the development of individualized treatment plans, preparing students for practical application in real-world contexts.
Recommended Textbook Methods in Behavioral Research 12th Edition by Paul Coz
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Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
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Q1) The fundamental characteristic of the scientific approach is:
A)intuition.
B)authority.
C)falsifiability.
D)empiricism.
Answer: D
Q2) The statement, "The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are caused by physiological factors" is an example of _____ behavior.
A)predicting
B)describing
C)explaining
D)evaluating
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?
A)"Measurement of reaction times to different colored lights"
B)"The influence of a food reward on maze running behavior in kittens"
C)"Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning"
D)"Increasing recycling of styrofoam containers: A test at an amusement park"
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of Google Scholar?
A)It can be accessed only through Internet Explorer.
B)It is a paid service which requires an annual subscription.
C)It ranks a search output by the contents of an article along with its overall prominence.
D)It includes content from published works solely in the field of psychology and related sciences.
Answer: C
Q2) If the prediction "Participants who consume alcohol will score lower on a reaction time test than participants who do not consume alcohol" is confirmed, we can say the hypothesis is _____.
A)tentative
B)supported
C)unalterable
D)ambiguous
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Q1) In a research experiment, _____ is an issue when the researcher has assured subjects that the collected data are only accessible to people with permission, generally only the researcher.
A)informed consent
B)nonmaleficence
C)integrity
D)confidentiality
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is a reason for a decrease in the use of elaborate deception in research studies?
A)The use of deception is an expensive and time-consuming method to employ.
B)There is a decrease in the general awareness of the ethical issues regarding deception.
C)The ethics review board approves more researches using deception methods.
D)More researchers have become interested in cognitive variables rather than emotions.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Q1) Ron, a researcher at Texo Labs, desires to conduct his study in a shopping mall to understand the factors influencing the shopping preferences of customers. In the context of methods of study, Ron is conducting a(n) _____ experiment.
A)artificial
B)field
C)laboratory
D)construct
Q2) In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the effect is called the _____ variable.
A)operational
B)dependent
C)hypothetical
D)mediating
Q3) Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are also called _____ variables.
A)internal
B)participant
C)confounding
D)situational
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Q1) Henry, a teacher, is constructing a test of knowledge of research methods. In doing so, Henry uses the prescribed textbook for his class to devise 100 true-false questions on various aspects of research methods. Without conducting any research, Henry can be most certain of the _____ validity of this test.
A)construct
B)face
C)criterion
D)divergent
Q2) To assess the reliability of a measure, one should _____ the measure.
A)directly observe the amount of true score in
B)manipulate the amount of measurement error in C)systematically study the variables of
D)calculate the correlation coefficient of the scores of
Q3) Which of the following is true of split-half reliability?
A)It is relatively straightforward and easy to calculate.
B)It is otherwise known as Cohen's kappa.
C)It is assessed by measuring the same individuals at two points in time.
D)It is a commonly used indicator of interrater reliability.
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Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Q1) The goal of naturalistic observation is to:
A)test hypotheses formed prior to the study.
B)conduct research in experimental rather than real environments.
C)get quick answers to theoretical questions.
D)provide a complete and accurate picture of what occurred in a setting.
Q2) The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes already existing data is called _____.
A)a psychobiography
B)a field experiment
C)archival research
D)statistical reporting
Q3) The best method to test the hypothesis that male elephants are more socially dominant than female elephants would be a(n) _____.
A)archival research
B)experimental analysis
C)case study
D)naturalistic observation
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Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Q1) Stacy has a difficult time answering the question "Should parents increase the likelihood of desirable behaviors in their children by using reinforcement and punishment?" because it is a(n) _____ question.
A)evaluative
B)double-barreled
C)descriptive
D)open-ended
Q2) You read in the newspaper that Proposition Q is favored by 57% of those polled. The results of the survey are said to be accurate within ±2 percentage points using a 95% level of confidence. From the information provided, it can be inferred that the actual population value is probably between _____.
A)58% and 64%
B)57% and 95%
C)55% and 59%
D)93% and 97%
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Q1) Wendy wants to know if a new sports drink improves physical performance. The number of push-ups each participant can complete in one minute is recorded first. The participants are then given eight ounces of the sports drink, and the number of push-ups completed in one minute is recorded again. Wendy finds that the number of push-ups completed is less after consuming the new sports drink. This finding is likely the result of a _____ effect.
A)reactive
B)practice
C)fatigue
D)carryover
Q2) Failure to control some extraneous variables is likely to result in a(n) _____ variable.
A)random
B)confounding
C)systematic
D)operational
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of manipulation manipulates variables with instructions and stimulus presentations?
A)Staged
B)Straightforward
C)Stimulus
D)Physical
Q2) In the context of physiological measures, the galvanic skin response is used as a measure of:
A)brain activity.
B)anxiety.
C)muscle tension.
D)learning ability.
Q3) Which of the following is true of statistical analysis of data?
A)It allows the researcher to examine and interpret the pattern of results obtained.
B)It includes a literature review that provides a background for a study.
C)It does not enable researchers to decide if there is any relationship between the variables.
D)It is usually the first step in a research and precedes data collection.
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Q1) The Smith and Ellsworth (1987) study on eyewitness testimony illustrates a factorial design with different individuals in each of the conditions. This design is best classified as a _____ design.
A)repeated measures
B)independent groups
C)within subjects
D)mixed factorial
Q2) A study that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is called a(n) _____ design.
A)mixed repeated measures and independent groups
B)IV × PV
C)2 × 2
D)multiple correlation
Q3) In a two-way analysis of variance, a researcher tests for the significance of:
A)three main effects.
B)one main effect and an interaction.
C)two interactions.
D)two main effects and an interaction.
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Q1) A study is conducted in which the attitudes of the staff of a rehabilitation center are assessed; then the staff is exposed to an attitude-change manipulation, and attitudes are assessed again. Another rehabilitation center of similar size is also chosen; attitudes there are measured, and then assessed again after manipulation. This quasi-experimental design is called a _____ design.
A)Solomon four-group
B)nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest
C)interrupted time series
D)control series
Q2) Amelia realized that her 7-year-old daughter, Violet, was especially motivated by money. Amelia began a reinforcement program whereby Violet earned 5 cents every time she brushed her teeth. A month later, Amelia instituted a payment schedule of 10 cents every time Violet went to bed on time without complaining. Once these behaviors were firmly established, Violet began earning money for every book she read. What kind of single-subject design did Amelia employ?
A)Across subject multiple-baseline design
B)Across behaviors multiple-baseline design
C)Across situations multiple-baseline design
D)Across subject ABA design
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and
Correlation
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Q1) Which of the following examples best represents the use of an interval scale?
A)Ranking the participants of a race based on their performance
B)Assessing students' ratings of their professors' performance on a five-point scale ranging from poor to excellent
C)Measuring the number of boxes of cookies sold by scouts on the west side of a town versus those sold on the east side of the town
D)Naming the different brands of cars seen in a school's parking lot
Q2) Workers at an automobile repair shop report that half of the automobiles they repair have a resale value below $8000. In this example, which measure of central tendency does the $8000 represent?
A)Mean
B)Mode
C)Median
D)Meridian
Q3) Which of the following scales of measurement lacks numeric properties?
A)Nominal
B)Ordinal
C)Interval
D)Ratio
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Q1) Dr. Afzal finds that students who work less than 10 hours a week have significantly higher test scores than students who work more than 10 hours a week. In order to determine the magnitude of the effect of work hours on test scores, he should calculate an estimate of the _____.
A)critical value
B)effect size
C)null effect
D)halo effect
Q2) According to a survey, 57 percent of the citizens of the United States prefer a Democratic candidate, while 43 percent of the citizens prefer a Republican candidate in an election. The survey reports a confidence interval (CFI) of 95 percent + or -3. What can be concluded from these results?
A)The Republican candidate will win the election.
B)There is a 95 percent chance of making a correct prediction about the election.
C)There is a 5 percent chance of making a correct prediction about the election.
D)There is no way of knowing which candidate has a higher likelihood of being elected.
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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Q1) Which of the following would a researcher be least likely to do when conducting a literature review?
A)A researcher is least likely to indicate what findings are both strongly and weakly supported in the literature.
B)A researcher is least likely to discuss future directions for research.
C)A researcher is least likely to calculate an effect size for all the studies reviewed.
D)A researcher is least likely to indicate inconsistencies and areas in which research is lacking.
Q2) A factor that differentiates a meta-analysis from a narrative literature review is that a meta-analysis:
A)focuses on effect size.
B)is more subjective.
C)summarizes what has been found.
D)is less accurate.
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