Applied Behavior Analysis
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a scientific discipline focused on understanding and improving human behavior through the application of evidence-based principles of learning and motivation. This course introduces students to core concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, shaping, and extinction, and demonstrates their use in assessing and treating behavioral issues across diverse populations, including individuals with autism spectrum disorder, developmental disabilities, and behavioral challenges. Emphasis is placed on data collection, ethical considerations, intervention design, and the evaluation of treatment effectiveness, preparing students to implement ABA strategies in educational, clinical, or community settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Principles of Learning and Behavior 7th Edition by Michael Domjan
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12 Chapters
859 Verified Questions
859 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The British empiricists believed that complex ideas are
A)sense experiences.
B)present at birth.
C)the product of simple sensations combined by association.
D)simple reflex responses.
Answer: C
Q2) Briefly describe the two intellectual traditions that were stimulated by Cartesian dualism.How is each tradition represented in contemporary investigations of learning phenomena?
Answer: Answer not provided
Q3) The general-process approach to learning assumes that A)all animals respond to training in a similar manner.
B)learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that are consistent across situations.
C)learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that change across situations.
D)differing species will learn about similar stimuli and responses similarly.
Answer: B
Q4) Describe what happens when an action potential arrives at a synapse.
Answer: Answer not provided
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?
A)afferent neuron, efferent neuron, interneuron
B)efferent neuron, afferent neuron, interneuron
C)afferent neuron, sensory neuron, efferent neuron
D)afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?
A)the habitation response
B)feedback stimuli
C)reflexive behavior
D)the sensitization process
Answer: C
Q3) Compare and contrast habituation and sensitization effects.Include descriptions of the stimulus specificity of each.
Answer: Answer not provided
Q4) What factors influence the elicitation of a modal action pattern?
Answer: Answer not provided
Q5) What is the role of facilitory interneurons in sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex of aplysia?
Answer: Answer not provided
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difficulty in investigating inhibitory conditioning of rabbit eyeblink responses is that
A)eyeblink in rabbits is a bidirectional response.
B)there are low baseline levels of eyeblinking in rabbits.
C)eyeblink is excitatory.
D)eyeblink is already inhibitory.
Answer: B
Q2) One reason there is no best classical conditioning procedure is
A)because we are still determining the best interstimulus interval.
B)because we are still determining the best intertrial interval.
C)because subjects learn about CS-US associations and CS-US timing.
D)because eyeblink conditioning always leads to the strongest responses.
Answer: C
Q3) Compare the effectiveness of short-delay and long-delay conditioning.What factors influence the effectiveness of each procedure?
Answer: Answer not provided
Q4) What are the five common procedures for classical conditioning? Provide an example from common human experience that illustrates the CS-US timing of each procedure.
Answer: Answer not provided
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attempts to sexual condition fish and quail suggest
A)that while responses to CSs change with conditioning, responding to the US is relatively constant.
B)that the sexual behavior system is strongly tied to genetics not to learning factors.
C)that conditioning results in changes in responding to the US in appetitive situations.
D)that conditioning results in changes in responding to the US only in aversive situations.
Q2) Describe an experimental design that allows investigators to distinguish between S-R and S-S learning.
Q3) According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, extinction is which of the following?
A)learning a new association
B)imposing an inhibitory stimulus on an excitatory stimulus
C)undoing a conditioned association
D)a process of habituation
Q4) Why is CS novelty important to consider in classical conditioning situations? What are the mechanisms that underlie
CS-preexposure effects?
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Chapter 5: Instrumental Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of omission training?
A)Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening.
B)Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging.
C)Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final.
D)Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop.
Q2) A rat in a Skinner box receives a food pellet every fifth time it pushes the response lever.This is an example of A)punishment.
B)differential reinforcement of other behavior.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)negative reinforcement.
Q3) Which of the following is thought in part to have helplessness as a mechanism of its development?
A)panic attacks
B)depression
C)schizophrenia
D)dissociative disorders
Q4) How can one measure instrumental behaviors? What are the indicators that learning is taking place?
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Chapter 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?
A)a clerk at a fast food restaurant
B)a gambler
C)a mail delivery person
D)a student waiting for her grades to come in the mail
Q2) What does the matching law allow us to predict? How can the law be used to determine relative reinforcer values?
Q3) A pigeon responds more on key "A" than on key "B." The relative rate of responding to key "A" could be .
A)5
B)0.79
C)0.5
D)0.3
Q4) If you wanted to ensure that your employees worked at high steady rate, on what schedule of reinforcement would you reward them? Why?
Q5) What is a reward discounting function and how is it related to the problem of self control?
Q6) Describe various theoretical explanations of the matching law.
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Chapter 7: Instrumental Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A rat is first trained to press a lever for food reinforcement.Then, a tone is sounded and a brief footshock is delivered.Lastly, the rat is again allowed to press the lever for food, and the experimenter records how the rat's lever pressing behavior changes when the tone is sounded.This researcher is employing
A)a Pavlovian instrumental transfer procedure.
B)an omission control procedure.
C)a blocking procedure.
D)negative reinforcement procedure.
Q2) If a situation remains unchanged during an experiment, the unrestricted baseline is assumed to
A)vary with the physiological drive state of the animal.
B)vary with shifting motivational states of the organism.
C)be stable across time for an organism.
D)vary with differing behaviors of the animal.
Q3) According to Premack's theory,
A)reinforcement is dependent on species typical responses.
B)protecting physiological homeostasis motivates behavior.
C)high probability responses reinforce lower probability responses.
D)the likelihood of all instrumental responses is the same.
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Chapter 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the configural-cue approach? How does it differ from other approaches to the study of stimulus control?
Q2) A loud buzzer is paired with a dim light as a signal for a dog to press a lever to gain access to food.The dog quickly learns to respond to the buzzer alone, but does not learn to respond vigorously to the light alone.According to the configural-cue approach, this is because of
A)the type of reinforcer being delivered.
B)the type of response required of the dog.
C)a generalization decrement from training to test trials.
D)the evolutionary configuration of appetitive responding.
Q3) A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell.When a buzzer sounds, pushing the lever does not result in food delivery.The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer.We can conclude
A)the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present.
B)the hamster has learned to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
C)the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
D)that more information is needed to determine what the hamster has learned.
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Chapter 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In sequential theory, the pattern important to the development of response perseverance is
A)a rewarded trial following a nonrewarded trial.
B)a nonrewarded trial following a rewarded trial.
C)a nonrewarded trial following a nonrewarded trial.
D)a rewarded trial following a rewarded trial.
Q2) According to the sequential theory,
A)continuous reinforcement trains an animal to be persistent in the absence of reinforcement.
B)partial reinforcement teaches an animal the difference between rewarded and nonrewarded trials.
C)there is nothing about continuous reinforcement that teaches an animal to respond when it expects nonreward.
D)memory of nonreward becomes the cue for performing the instrumental response.
Q3) To restore the level of performance seen during extinction,
A)test several days after the extinction trials.
B)present cues from the extinction trials.
C)present cues from the conditioning trials.
D)test in a different context.
Q4) Describe various ways in which extinction performance may be enhanced.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Averse Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend tells you that she studies to avoid getting bad grades.Her explanation of the behavior is most like
A)the safety-signal hypothesis.
B)SSDR theory.
C)shock-frequency reduction theory.
D)the two-process theory of avoidance.
Q2) In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by
A)the careful administration of a mildly aversive stimulus.
B)reducing contact with appetitive stimuli.
C)the administration of a relatively strong aversive stimulus.
D)reducing contact with an annoying stimulus.
Q3) Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in
A)the shock-frequency reduction hypothesis.
B)the two-process theory of avoidance.
C)the safety-signal hypothesis.
D)the SSDR theory.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Comparative Cognition I
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Sample Questions
Q1) In studies of memory, which stage of an experiment is usually held constant?
A)retrieval
B)retention
C)acquisition
D)trace-delay
Q2) Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?
A)odor cues
B)the presence or absence of food
C)a fixed sequence of responses
D)visual cues in the testing room
Q3) Compare and contrast traditional and contemporary views of memory storage and recall and the implications of these views for the accuracy of recollections.
Q4) To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select
A)a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus.
B)a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus.
C)a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue.
D)a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue.
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Chapter 12: Comparative Cognition Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perceptual concepts involve
A)generalization within a category.
B)discrimination within a category.
C)generalization between categories.
D)All of the above
Q2) Compare and contrast the scalar expectancy model of timing and the behavioral theory of timing.
Q3) Evidence from drug studies, clinical disorders, and transgenic mice suggests which neurotransmitter is important for timing?
A)norepinepherine
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine
Q4) Why has determining whether nonhuman animals are capable of learning language come to be considered an unimportant question? What do modern investigations of animal language attempt to determine?
Q5) Compare and contrast perceptual and abstract concept learning.
Q6) Describe the internal clock.Compare the Scalar Expectancy Theory and behavioral theory of how timing might take place.
Page 14
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