Applied Anthropology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Applied Anthropology explores the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and approaches to address real-world issues and challenges faced by communities, organizations, and societies. This course covers how anthropologists engage with sectors such as public health, education, international development, business, and cultural resource management to develop interventions, inform policy, and promote sustainable solutions. Students will examine case studies that demonstrate the role of anthropologists in problem-solving, ethical considerations in applied settings, and strategies for collaborating with stakeholders. Through hands-on projects and critical analysis, learners will gain practical skills for conducting anthropological research outside of academic environments.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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1120 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) The worldwide intensification of interactions among human beings across national borders is referred to as:
A) time-space compression.
B) outsourcing.
C) globalism.
D) increasing migration.
E) density of acquaintance.
Answer: C
Q2) In the study of immigration, anthropologists look at physical differences between populations, how the groups involved conceive of themselves and others, what they say about those other groups, and how these groups related to others in the past. This is an example of what aspect of anthropology?
A) ethnology
B) globalism
C) elitism
D) holism
E) organicism
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ influences what people consider unthinkable or undoable thoughts, which leads to the establishment of "natural truths" among a group of people.
A) The hegemony of ideas
B) Biological need
C) Cultural relativism
D) Unilineal cultural evolution
E) Structural functionalism
Answer: A
Q2) Spatial comfort zones, such as standing too close to a member of another culture, are examples of which of the following?
A) symbolic actions
B) value actions
C) covert actions
D) spatial actions
E) normative actions
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare Nancy Scheper-Hughes' early ethnographic fieldwork in Alto do Cruzeiro with her current research and work with Organs Watch. How has globalization affected her fieldwork?
Answer: Students should summarize Scheper-Hughes' earlier work in Alto do Cruzeiro study infant mortality patterns, and then describe her current work, which began in the same region as a response to local anxieties about illegal organ harvesting. They should further discuss how globalization has enabled a global trade in harvested organs.
Q2) Annette Weiner:
A) conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
B) researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
C) studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
D) examined sexuality in Samoa.
E) became an expert on Native Americans.
Answer: A
Q3) Define zeros and explain their significance for ethnographers.
Answer: Zeros are the elements of a story or picture that are not told or seen; they are key details omitted from the conversation. This omission offers insight into which topics are too sensitive to discuss publicly.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Linguistic anthropologists would label new words that have emerged during the digital age, such as mouse, modem, download, and email, as part of our generation's ________ vocabulary.
A) cultural
B) ancestral
C) emotional
D) tonal
E) focal
Q2) The fact that 85 percent, or 5.5 billion people, lack meaningful access to a digital communication network reflects:
A) increasing attempts by computer hackers to shut down global media.
B) the efforts of European nations to prevent citizens in the global South from participation.
C) the minimal investment in technological infrastructure made by the Chinese government.
D) the inability to translate software into languages other than English.
E) the tendency of globalization to increase the effects of uneven development.
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Chapter 5: Human Origins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrast the two theories on the ultimate fate of the Neandertals.
Q2) Explain how the peppered moth is a powerful example of natural selection in evolution.
Q3) Any dating technique that gives a specific date for a fossil is called:
A) absolute.
B) stratigraphic.
C) relative.
D) radiometric.
E) ecometric.
Q4) Around 15,000 yBP, modern Homo sapiens had left Asia and migrated to: A) Europe.
B) North and South America.
C) Australia.
D) Indonesia.
E) Madagascar.
Q5) Imagine the classroom as a distinct population with unique genes. Explain how genetic drift would occur over several generations and why it is more effective in a smaller population.
Q6) What do we know about the behavior of Neandertals based on archaeological excavations?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Race and Racism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The widespread idea in the nineteenth century that it was okay to discriminate against nonwhite people (Italian, Irish, Jewish, and African) because they were biologically different, and not fully human, was called: A) eugenics.
B) institutional racism.
C) fascism.
D) miscegenation.
E) white supremacy.
Q2) In order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal, societies invoke popular ideas about racial differences that are known as: A) racial ideology.
B) racialization.
C) nativism.
D) fascism.
E) colonialism.
Q3) Explain how and why the "one drop rule" was traditionally used to determine race in American culture.
Q4) Identify three factors that determine race in the Dominican Republic.
Q5) Compare and contrast the concepts "genotype" and "phenotype."
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a brief essay, identify three ways that various immigrants from India have created a new and unique Indian American identity in the United States. Is this assimilation or multiculturalism, and why?
Q2) What term was used in the past to describe a group of people but now refers to a country?
A) community
B) nation
C) nationality
D) nation-state
E) state
Q3) Carlos Murphy is from an Irish Mexican family, and he rides with pride on the Sons of Erin float in the St. Patrick's Day parade and drinks margaritas with his Mexican relatives the next day. This demonstrates the concept of:
A) flexible concept of self.
B) rationalization of identity.
C) simulated nationalism.
D) situational negotiation of identity.
E) transitional nationality.
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9
Chapter 8: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluate the merits of the "man the hunter, woman the gatherer" debate. What are two of the specific cultural debates used to support the notion that there is a biological basis for the behaviors reported in this model? Provide two examples from the text that do not support the biological argument in favor of a gendered division of labor in foraging societies. Conclude by discussing the accuracy of the evolutionary model for understanding the idealized model of the sexual division of labor.
Q2) The process through which a sense of gender becomes normative and seems natural is called:
A) sexual dimorphism.
B) gender stratification.
C) enculturation.
D) enculturation
E) hierarchies.
Q3) Anne Fausto-Sterling's analysis of biological sexual identity identifies:
A) three sexes, including machos.
B) four sexes, including hijras.
C) six sexes, including Two-Spirits.
D) five sexes, including intersexuals.
E) seven sexes, including berdaches.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) DOMA, the Defense of Marriage Act, stated which of the following about marriage?
A) Marriage is the legal union between any two U.S. citizens.
B) Marriage is the legal union between one man and one woman.
C) Marriage is a union between one man and one woman recognized by a religious institution, but not the U.S. government.
D) Marriage is a union between any two individuals recognized by a religious institution, but not the U.S. government.
E) Marriage is a union between one man and no more than three women.
Q2) Margaret Mead's work in the islands of the western Pacific contributed which of the following to a greater understanding of human sexuality?
A) This work provided evidence that men are naturally sexually promiscuous.
B) This work challenged the assumptions that sexual practices should be private rather than public.
C) This work provided evidence that women are naturally sexually promiscuous.
D) This work explored the commonalities between human sexual practices and the sexual practices of other primates.
E) This work challenged the assumptions that U.S. attitudes about sexuality were universal traits fixed in human nature.
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11
Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cousins who are children of a mother's brother or father's sister are considered which type of cousins?
A) companionate cousins
B) affinal cousins
C) cross-cousins
D) parallel cousins
E) second cousins
Q2) The Defense of Marriage Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 2004 forbids the federal government from recognizing which of the following?
A) adolescent marriages
B) marriages of divorced adults
C) same-sex marriages
D) marriages of affinal relatives
E) heterosexual marriages
Q3) Looking cross-culturally, anthropologists argue that:
A) there is clearly a single universal definition of marriage.
B) definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time.
C) definitions of marriage vary across cultures but are stable over time.
D) definitions of marriage have been made universal by globalization.
E) marriage and family are unchanged by modern technology and globalization.
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Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to the role of the media and voluntary isolation among portions of the population, which of the following also contributes to the invisibility of class and inequality in the United States?
A) social disruptions
B) political culture
C) economic structures
D) consumer culture
E) global disparities
Q2) Anthropologists trace the roots of which of the following patterns of social stratification to the rise of intensive agriculture and populous market towns?
A) egalitarian stratification
B) ascribed stratification
C) ranked stratification
D) extreme stratification
E) achieved stratification
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13
Chapter 12: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Europeans extrapolated ________ from the New World in order to enter into the Chinese trade routes of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
A) corn
B) copper
C) gold
D) slaves
E) porcelain
Q2) Pastoralism is defined as:
A) food production involving the domestication of animals.
B) cultivation involving permanent cultivation of the land.
C) practicing farming involving mechanization.
D) subsistence based on hunting, fishing, and gathering.
E) cultivation strategy with intensive use of land and labor.
Q3) Structural adjustment programs are associated with:
A) an increase in the government spending on education and health care.
B) an increase in the state's role in local and international economics.
C) privatization of state-owned enterprises.
D) strict regulation of local labor markets.
E) reduction in Third World debt.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that in a small city in the northern region of Brazil, students have learned English for a generation with a specific focus on working in Brazilian restaurants in New York City. Two in three inhabitants have already migrated to New York, and several support organizations exist solely to serve migrants from this city. What term might anthropologists use to describe how migration has become a way of life?
A) diffusion model
B) guest worker program
C) social capital
D) cumulative causation
E) multiculturalism
Q2) According to the textbook, Muslim street vendors in New York City have long-standing ties that cross the Atlantic Ocean. Discuss how these merchants are an example of transnational entrepreneurial migrants. What is the importance of social networks in their experience?
Q3) Discuss how migration is not often an individual choice, but one that occurs at the household level. How and why do households and families contribute to individual migrations? How do economic processes surrounding remittances influence the migration patterns and possibilities for migrant families?
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15
Chapter 14: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) A small, kinship-based group of foragers who move over a particular territory is known as a:
A) group.
B) band.
C) tribe.
D) chiefdom.
E) state.
Q2) To resist the power of state institutions, some societies make use of different systems to settle issues that might normally go to the state court system. These are known as:
A) alternative legal structures.
B) religious institutions.
C) customary laws.
D) independent courts systems.
E) common law structures.
Q3) In a brief essay, describe three elements of a social movement. Provide examples to illustrate your description.
Q4) In a brief essay, describe three ways power is wielded outside the control of the state.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following constitutes the complex historical and social developments through which symbols are given power and meaning?
A) democratizing process
B) secularizing process
C) authorizing process
D) globalizing process
E) standardizing process
Q2) The forces of globalization are affecting religion generally and religious practices specifically. Provide three examples that illustrate how globalization is affecting religion and religious practices, and explain how. Conversely, how are the religions and practices in your three examples affecting globalization? How do your three examples also reveal the relationship between religion and other social systems of power? How will future forces likely affect the religion and practices of your three examples? How will future forces likely affect the general status of world religions and practices? Do you think religion will be less or more prominent in people's daily lives in the future? Why do you think this will be the case?
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Chapter 16: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the description of biomedicine in the text?
A) It has spread because it encompasses an aura of modernity and progress.
B) It draws heavily on European enlightenment values.
C) Its values of individualism and rationality are not universally held.
D) Social factors rather than the human body are the focus of treatment.
E) It is closely linked with Western economic and political expansion.
Q2) Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock reported a case where, after hearing the story of a woman under tremendous personal stress, medical students:
A) advised her to take an aspirin.
B) suggested she take a vacation.
C) diagnosed a brain tumor.
D) asked what the real causes of her pain were.
E) attempted to analyze her illness narrative.
Q3) What is biomedicine, and how do the practitioners view and treat diseases? Discuss two criticisms that anthropologists have about the European biases in the model relative to ethnocentric views about non-Western populations.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Art and Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are virtual characters created to inhabit alternate worlds.
A) Mediascapes
B) Avatars
C) Oralities
D) Surrogates
E) Socialites
Q2) In the late twentieth century, ________ emerged as a dominant form of global communication.
A) telephones
B) the Internet
C) books
D) letters
E) newspapers
Q3) Archaeologists discovered evidence of ________ in South Africa's Blombos Cave.
A) paintbrushes
B) carved bison bones
C) cave paintings of giraffes
D) red and yellow ochre
E) woven baskets
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Page 19