Applied Anthropology
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Course Introduction
Applied Anthropology focuses on the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and insights to address real-world problems and challenges in diverse fields such as health, development, education, business, and government. The course explores how anthropologists collaborate with communities, organizations, and policymakers to analyze cultural dynamics, inform program designs, and implement solutions that are culturally appropriate and effective. Through case studies, fieldwork, and discussions, students learn skills for ethical engagement, project evaluation, and the critical assessment of societal issues from an anthropological perspective.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 11th Edition by Serena Nanda
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Chapter 1: Anthropology and Human Diversity
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Q1) All of the following statements about the understanding of culture in anthropology are correct except:
A)Culture is biologically and genetically transmitted from person to person.
B)Culture is the way of life of a particular human society.
C)Culture is the learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups.
D)Culture is the primary way that human adapt to their environments.
Answer: A
Q2) The current un-contacted population of the world is probably around:
A)Zero.
B)1,000.
C)10,000.
D)100,000.
E)1,000,000.
Answer: C
Q3) What distinguishes anthropology from other academic disciplines?
Answer: Anthropology attempts to comprehend the entire human experiencethroughout time and in all parts of the world.
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Chapter 2: Doing Cultural Anthropology
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Q1) The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)is:
A)A database that provides cross-cultural data on a limited number of societies.
B)A database on all cultures involved in global warfare.
C)An institution that specializes in anthropological fieldwork.
D)A group of anthropologists that works in more than a single culture.
E)A database that provides cross-cultural data on all complex societies.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following has been a hallmark of American anthropology?
A)Ethnocentrism.
B)Ethnology.
C)Participant observation.
D)Multiculturalism.
E)Holism.
Answer: C
Q3) The Human Terrain Systems was a successful project that allowed anthropologists to work alongside soldiers during war so that cultural sensitivity in the ranks could be maintained.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Idea of Culture
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Q1) All cultures are made up of learned behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An anthropological perspective that focuses on culture as the principal force in shaping the typical personality of a society is called:
A)Sociobiology.
B)Culture and personality theory.
C)Personification theory.
D)Structuralism.
E)Symbolic anthropology.
Answer: B
Q3) One advantage of cultural adaptation over biological adaptation is that culture can usually change more rapidly than biology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) __________ is the movement of cultural traits from one society to another. Answer: Diffusion.
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Chapter 4: Communication
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Q1) A study of speech norms in the United States indicated that:
A)Social class has no effect on speech patterns.
B)Each social class has only one norm regarding pronunciation.
C)Variation of speech patterns is most characteristic of upwardly mobile social classes.
D)The lowest classes make the most effort to impress others by using different speech forms in different situations.
E)Studies of linguistic variation make no real contribution to understanding social class differences.
Q2) A Tuareg man wears his veil at different positions on his face in different social situations.This is an example of:
A)Universal grammar.
B)Nonverbal communication.
C)The universal relationship between language and action.
D)The genetic patterning of behavior.
E)Bad manners.
Q3) What arguments are there against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Why is this approach not accepted by every linguist today?
Q4) What are the four components of any language?
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Q1) As the Kayapo of the Xingu River Basin in South America demonstrate,people in non-industrial societies:
A)Do not understand their environment.
B)Have very simple methods for managing their resources.
C)Would be better off with modern technology.
D)Are committed to becoming modernized
E)Have adapted to their environments without the use of modern science.
Q2) For the Gwich'in,the most important result of climate change has been:
A)The increased presence of outside industries that have negative impacts on local culture.
B)The need to find more sophisticated ways of keeping warm as their area cools.
C)Increased contact with outsiders and increasing ability to sell furs and native crafts.
D)The decrease in size and health of the caribou herd on which they depend.
E)Increased ability to use snowmobiles to hunt caribou and fur bearing mammals.
Q3) The historic Maasai subsistence strategy takes account of the fact that in some years there will be drought.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How is agriculture different from horticulture?
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Chapter 6: Economics
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Q1) All of the following were part of historical moments in the development of Belizean cuisine except:
A)Settlement by European Baymen that introduced processed and preserved breads and meats.
B)Migration of Belizeans to the U.S.where they developed a more distinct national Belizean cuisine that they then re-introduced to Belize.
C)Increasing numbers of tourists to Belize that cause development of more international cuisine to cater to the tourists' needs.
D)Reliance on an economy of slavery in which the slaves were fed on large amounts of imported rations.
E)Growing numbers of indigenous peoples in Belize beginning to market local products and foods.
Q2) Foraging societies are likely to have rigid boundaries and defend them against encroachers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Anthropologist Francisco Aguilera argues that anthropologists bring three unique capacities to the corporate community.What are these?
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Chapter 7: Kinship
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Q1) Bilateral descent is also called double descent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a distinction between unilineal and bilateral kinship systems?
A)Unilineal kinship systems involve tracking descent through both parents' lines.
B)In bilateral kinship systems,the kin groups do not overlap.
C)In unilineal kinship systems,the kin groups do not overlap.
D)In bilateral kinship systems,there are no cousins.
E)In unilineal kinship systems,there is no designated mother or father.
Q3) How is kinship a socio-cultural construct and not a biological one? Discuss the ways that biology and culture interact and overlap in kinship systems.
Q4) In Minangkabau culture,once a son gets married he no longer remains a kinsmen of his original matrihouse.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which three kinship systems are found most commonly within unilineal societies?
Q6) Contrast a lineage with a clan.Name at least 3 differences.
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Chapter 8: Marriage, family, and Domestic Groups
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Q1) A female perspective on the Tiwi marriage system indicates that:
A)Tiwi women are totally dominated by their husbands.
B)There are no advantages for women in this marriage system.
C)Tiwi wives enjoy both sexual and social freedom.
D)Women benefit psychologically by having husbands much older than themselves.
E)There is no such thing as sexual egalitarianism in foraging societies.
Q2) Which of the following practices is commonly found among the Navajo?
A)A woman's children are considered legitimate members of the matriclan whether or not she is married.
B)A man's children are considered legitimate only if he resides with the woman for more than one year.
C)Sexual activity is never permitted outside of marriage,and it is rare for children to be born outside of wedlock.
D)Children are believed to belong to the tribe itself and are not members of any nuclear family until they marry.
E)The patriclan of the tribe controls children and they are raised by the father's family.
Q3) Based on current statistics,what is the "typical" U.S.family? How is it composed?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender
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Q1) Which of the following is common in horticultural societies?
A)Men's cults are closed to women.
B)Women earn their living by market trading.
C)Women control the cash crops,but men control subsistence crops.
D)Men are likely to adopt innovations rapidly,but women are not.
E)Women are key religious leaders.
Q2) One of the world's most sexually repressed societies is the:
A)Inuit.
B)Irish of Inis Beag.
C)Peasant villages of Southern Spain.
D)Arapesh of New Guinea.
E)United States of America.
Q3) Historically,when agricultural societies have entered the cash economy,the position of women has improved.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a hijab?
Q5) How is gender affected by subsistence? Choose two different subsistence strategies and explain how gender roles shift as a result of these changing means of production.
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Chapter 10: Political Organization
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Q1) A sovereign,geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive national culture and historical experience is called a:
A)Ethnic enclave.
B)Ethnic state.
C)Nation-state.
D)Tribal state.
E)Bureaucracy.
Q2) Political authority in the Asante state was symbolized by the golden stool.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast rebellion and revolution.
Q4) How does conflict resolution vary between bands,tribes,chiefdoms,and states? Discuss both formal and informal mechanisms and use examples from the text.
Q5) Band societies have neither warfare nor violence because they are egalitarian. A)True
B)False
Q6) Why are the Tohono O'odham opposed to the construction of a border fence between the U.S.and Mexico?
Q7) How does political leadership vary between tribes and chiefdoms?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Stratification
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Q1) What did Paul Bloomberg mean by the term "America's forbidden thought"?
Q2) An example of an achieved status is:
A)Occupation.
B)Sex.
C)Ethnic group.
D)Caste.
E)Clan.
Q3) How are Burakumin racially distinguished in Japan?
Q4) Social stratification is the result of:
A)The fact that people are born with different natural talents.
B)The fact that there are several different races.
C)Theft of property by the strongest in society.
D)Human nature.
E)Unequal distribution of resources.
Q5) How is a caste system different from a class system?
Q6) Changes in China since the death of Mao have resulted in increasing prosperity and increasing equality.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What is meant by "downward mobility"?
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Chapter 12: Religion
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Q1) Write an essay in which you describe the differences between the process of becoming a priest and becoming a shaman.Give examples both from your own culture and from the book.
Q2) Describe the conditions under which new religious movements are likely to occur.What groups,if any,in your community are likely to develop new religious practices? What factors make them good candidates for new religious messages?
Q3) Compare and contrast witchcraft and sorcery.
Q4) What is mana?
A)It is a religious council that makes decisions regarding community morality.
B)It is a Hindu term for priest.
C)It is religious energy that is believed to be in certain people or objects.
D)It is the sacred text of Buddhism that explains the various laws of the religious group.
E)It is a type of food that is consumed only during Jewish ceremonies in the temple.
Q5) Totemism is a type of religion that is practiced by Native Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is a millenarian movement?
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Chapter 13: Creative Expression: Anthropology and the Arts
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Q1) European artists were rarely concerned with representing non-Europeans in their art.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define world music and give examples.
Q3) The trickster tales,such as the Br'er Rabbit stories of the American South,may be seen as:
A)A thinly veiled protest against oppression and domination.
B)No more than foolish stories that have no real significance.
C)A product of a society with limited interest in verbal folklore.
D)The protest of the little worker against the modern bureaucracy.
E)Particularly characteristic of an egalitarian society.
Q4) What is bhangra,and how does it express world music?
Q5) A prop often seen in paintings of Middle Eastern domestic scenes is:
A)Bread being baked.
B)Washing being done.
C)Women getting undressed.
D)People smoking the hookah.
E)Women playing with their children.
Q6) What is henna,and how is it used as an art form in Morocco?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Power, conquest, and a World System
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Q1) What were two functions of taxation in European colonies?
Q2) Why is repatriation of historical artifacts controversial?
Q3) Which of the following was considered a primary and key advantage to Europeans in their expansion?
A)Translators.
B)Guides.
C)New maps.
D)Education.
E)Disease.
Q4) Corvee labor was a widespread practice in colonies until:
A)The American Revolution.
B)The Great War.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
E)The Cold War.
Q5) Most nations in the Americas did not gain their independence until after World War II.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is a colony?
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Chapter 15: Culture, change, and the Modern World
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Q1) What is meant by "brain drain" in immigration research?
Q2) What is the World Bank?
Q3) Even though populations have increased dramatically,in most places traditional subsistence strategies are still able to provide enough food for people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are sweatshops?
Q5) Why is it difficult to measure the "carrying capacity" of the earth?
Q6) More than 1 billion of the world's population live on less than $1 a day but a meal for two at a good restaurant in a major wealthy city can easily top $100.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Probably the most important way that migrants contribute to the places they leave are:
A)Remittances sent to family back home.
B)Reducing population pressure in these places.
C)Opening new possibilities for education in the places they leave.
D)Increasing the political stability of the places they leave.
E)Allowing traditional culture to continue in the places they leave.
Page 17
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