Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Applied Anatomy and Physiology explores the structure and function of the human body with a particular emphasis on how anatomical features and physiological processes interact to support movement, health, and performance. The course covers major body systems including musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine systems highlighting their roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to physical activity, injury, and disease. Students will gain practical understanding of anatomical landmarks, physiological mechanisms, and their real-world applications in clinical, sports, and health contexts. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, the course links foundational knowledge to scenarios encountered in professional practice.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology Global 11th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb
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15 Chapters
2217 Verified Questions
2217 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In your clinical rotations, you watch as an ultrasound is performed on the abdomen of a pregnant woman. The technician presses the ultrasound wand against the patient's skin inferior to the umbilical region. Your classmate mentions that the image produced is a transverse plane, but you disagree. Explain to your classmate what type of plane was likely used.
Answer: The ultrasound image produced was from a frontal, or coronal, plane, not a transverse plane. The image created an anterior view of the internal organs of the abdomen rather than an inferior view of the abdomen. Transverse planes are created along horizontal planes and separate the body into superior and inferior parts while frontal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Q2) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The four most common elements in the human body, in order of descending quantity, are hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Explain why a denatured protein no longer functions.
Answer: Denaturation results when the three-dimensional shape of a protein is destroyed. The function of a protein depends on its structure. The presence of an active site on the surface of a protein that interacts with other molecules must be intact for the enzyme to work properly.
Q3) Glycogen is broken down to release glucose subunits.
A)Decomposition reaction
B)Exchange reaction
C)Synthesis reaction
Answer: A
Q4) Hydrogen bonds are very strong bonds that hold together water molecules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP
A)Solute pumping
B)Osmosis
C)Endocytosis
D)Diffusion
Answer: A
Q2) The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ________ fluid.
A) interstitial
B) intracellular
C) extracellular
D) nuclear
Answer: B
Q3) The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ________ process.
A) active
B) passive
C) diffusion
D) filtration
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes
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108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane?
A) synovial membrane
B) cutaneous membrane
C) mucous membrane
D) serous membrane
E) pleural membrane
Q2) Distinguish between the locations and secretions of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands.
Q3) Keratinocyte
A)Superficial layer of the epidermis made of 20-30 cell layers of dead, keratin-filled cells
B)Cell commonly found in the epidermis that produces keratin
C)Deepest layer of the epidermis that is situated closest to the dermis
D)Upper layer of the dermis that forms dermal papillae
E)Cell that produces a pigment known as melanin
F)Hypodermis
G)Cell responsible for alerting and activating an immune response to a bacterial or viral invasion
Q4) Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature.
Q5) List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tarsals
A)appendicular skeleton
B)axial skeleton
Q2) The radius bone is indicated by ________.
A) Label T
B) Label R
C) Label F
D) Label S
E) Label Q
Q3) Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?
A) diaphysis
B) marrow cavity
C) epiphyseal plate
D) periosteum
E) articular cartilage
Q4) Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.
A) diarthroses
B) synarthroses
C) amphiarthroses
D) symphyses
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) motor unit
C) synaptic cleft
D) neuromuscular junction
Q2) Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without ________.
A) ATP
B) oxygen
C) lactic acid
D) carbon dioxide
E) glucose
Q3) Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint
A)flexion
B)extension
C)rotation
D)adduction
E)plantar flexion
F)supination
G)abduction
H)inversion
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regulates body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
A)thalamus
B)pituitary gland
C)epithalamus
D)medulla oblongata
E)hypothalamus
F)midbrain
Q2) Which of the following is favored by the parasympathetic nervous system?
A) emergency
B) exercise
C) digestion
D) embarrassment
E) excitement
Q3) Decreases urine output of the kidneys
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
Q4) Constricts bronchioles of respiratory passageways
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
Q5) List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Special Senses
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Location of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
A)middle ear
B)outer ear
C)inner ear
Q2) Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.
A) optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe
C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe
E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe
Q3) Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.
A) cupulae
B) otoliths
C) maculae
D) ossicles
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insulin
A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal medulla
C)hypothalamus
D)parathyroid glands
E)pancreas
F)adrenal cortex
G)thymus gland
H)anterior pituitary
Q2) Most hormones are ________.
A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism
B) classified as steroids
C) released upon stimulation by other hormones
D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients
E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells
Q3) Aldosterone raises blood glucose levels through the breakdown of fats and proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the pituitary-hypothalamus relationship.
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Chapter 10: Blood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these blood types carries no antigens?
A) blood type A
B) blood type B
C) blood type AB
D) blood types A, B, and AB
E) blood type O
Q2) Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh women carrying an Rh baby.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Scott's blood test shows that he has excess red blood cells. Identify and describe two causes of this disorder.
Q4) A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________.
A) AB, B
B) B, O
C) A, B, AB, O
D) B, O, AB
Q5) The primary job of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain agglutination as it relates to blood groups.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
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295 Verified Questions
295 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
A) oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) oxygenated blood to the heart
D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart
Q2) You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.
A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) left bundle branch
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
E) sinoatrial (SA) node
Q3) Arteries branch into smaller vessels known as arterioles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen.
A) Hydrogen sulfide
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Methane
Q2) The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ________.
A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) palatopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) tracheopharynx
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?
A) pulmonary ventilation
B) respiratory gas transport
C) residual volume
D) external respiration
E) internal respiration
Q4) Explain the roles of mucus and cilia in the respiratory system.
Page 14
Q5) Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.
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Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called
A) ingestion
B) peristalsis
C) digestion
D) mastication
E) absorption
Q2) The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements is called the ________.
A) lingual frenulum
B) uvula
C) submandibular salivary gland
D) periodontal membrane
E) vestibule
Q3) The esophagus is indicated by ________.
A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label A
E) Label G
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Chapter 15: The Urinary System
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are moved from the filtrate back into the blood
Q2) The nephron loop, or loop of Henle, is indicated by ________.
A) Label I
B) Label J
C) Label K
D) Label M
E) Label O
Q3) Determine the possible cause of bile pigments in the urine ________.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) kidney infection
C) hypertension
D) kidney stones
E) liver disease
Q4) The involuntary internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contains three layers of smooth muscle known as the detrusor muscle
Q6) Explain the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Q7) Darker, reddish-brown internal area of the kidney
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Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
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169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ovulation occurs in response to a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) near the end of the proliferative phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The cervix typically dilates to about 10 cm during the dilation stage of labor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The presence of more oxytocin receptors in the uterus leads to weak, irregular contractions known as ________.
A) dystocia
B) Braxton Hicks
C) menopause
D) cryptorchidism
E) C-section
Q4) The placenta and its attached fetal membranes, delivered during the placental stage of labor, are called the afterbirth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Gland that produces a milky fluid that plays a role in activating sperm
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