Course Introduction
Anthropology Test Questions
Anthropology is the holistic study of humans, past and present, focusing on cultural, biological, archaeological, and linguistic perspectives to understand the diversity and complexity of human societies. This course introduces students to the major subfields of anthropology, exploring human evolution, cultural traditions, social structures, language development, and the ways humans adapt to different environments. Through ethnographic case studies, archaeological findings, and theoretical frameworks, students will develop a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity, human behavior, and the interconnections between societies across time and space.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Physical Anthropology 3rd Edition by Clark Spencer Larsen
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13 Chapters
580 Verified Questions
580 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Physical Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the value of the scientific method in our society.
Answer: The response should include discussions of pharmaceutical and medical testing.The student should comprehend the value of testing and retesting data.For example, do immunization shots administered all at once increase the child's likelihood to develop autism? The answer, we know, is that they do not; however, previous doctored data were used to claim that they do, causing millions of parents all over the world to reduce inoculations or completely neglect them, thereby increasing the incidence of disease-for example, the number of whooping cough cases in the United States.
Q2) The study of physical anthropology varies in that some physical anthropologists study:
A)potential for life on other planets.
B)the interaction between domestic animals and disease.
C)extinct and living species of primates.
D)changes in marine life.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Without the work of x-ray crystallographer _______, DNA might not have been discovered for some time longer than it was.
A)James Watson
B)Francis Crick
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Rosalind Franklin
Answer: D
Q2) Darwin observed that adaptations:
A)resulted from supernatural forces.
B)did not vary among Galápagos finches living in different habitats.
C)were physical traits that enhanced survival and reproduction.
D)were peripheral to evolutionary change.
Answer: C
Q3) James Hutton is associated primarily with:
A)adaptation.
B)catastrophism.
C)uniformitarianism.
D)principles of heredity.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing
Variation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chromosome number is reduced during: A)mitosis.
B)recombination. C)translation. D)meiosis.
Answer: D
Q2) Prokaryotes first appeared:
A)10,000 years ago.
B)1 mya.
C)3.5 bya.
D)65 mya.
Answer: C
Q3) In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:
A)the X chromosome originates only from females.
B)sperm are more powerful than eggs.
C)the Y chromosome is present in males only.
D)the X chromosome determines sex.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patrilocal societies are expected to display:
A)greater mtDNA diversity than Y chromosome diversity.
B)roughly equivalent mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity.
C)greater Y chromosome diversity than mtDNA diversity.
D)no strong correlation between societal structure and genetic diversity.
Q2) Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because they:
A)are the result of a change in a single nucleotide.
B)are the result of exposure to radiation.
C)produce a protein having no function.
D)are mobile pieces of DNA.
Q3) The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is _______ selection.
A)natural
B)directional
C)stabilizing
D)disruptive
Q4) Why is a frameshift mutation far more likely to lead to a defective protein than a point mutation?
Q5) Why is the peppered moth an excellent example of directional selection?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Biology in the Present: Living People
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infancy:
A)runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation, usually by the end of the third year.
B)runs from three to seven years, generally postweaning.
C)is also called the "neonatal" period.
D)includes three months before birth and three months after birth.
Q2) Relative to people with a history of living in temperate climates, the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations:
A)have lower BMRs.
B)consume more carbohydrates.
C)reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures.
D)have short limbs and large bodies.
Q3) Functional adaptations:
A)are important population-level genetic changes.
B)occur at the individual level only during childhood.
C)involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)are biological adjustments within an individual's lifetime, including developmental adaptations and acclimatization.
Q4) Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept? Why or why not?
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropoids differ from prosimians in that they:
A)have more teeth.
B)have better color vision.
C)are less dimorphic sexually.
D)have a smaller brain relative to body size.
Q2) The typical catarrhine dental formula is:
A)1 / 1 / 2 / 3.
B)2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
C)2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
D)3 / 1 / 2 / 3.
Q3) A strepsirhine has a:
A)wet nose, a snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer hind limbs than forelimbs.
B)snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer forelimbs than hind limbs.
C)wet nose, a snout, a tooth comb, and a grooming claw.
D)tooth comb, a grooming claw, and ischial callosities.
Q4) Discuss the diversity of the dentition among primates.Pay particular attention to how form follows function with regard to dental morphology and diet.
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Chapter 7: Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Grooming involves:
A)the development of alliances between females only.
B)the development of alliances between males only.
C)bonding between individuals of the same rank, picking through the skin and hair of another individual.
D)bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.
Q2) Which of the following is a rare primate residence pattern found only in orangutans and a few strepsirhines?
A)one-male, multifemale
B)one-female, multimale
C)multimale, multifemale
D)solitary
Q3) Why are primates social?
Q4) Natural selection generally favors behaviors that:
A)increase body size.
B)increase brain size.
C)limit population size.
D)enhance survival and reproduction.
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Chapter 8: Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is: A)archaeology.
B)cryptozoology.
C)forensic biology.
D)taphonomy.
Q2) Cultural dating can be used to date: A)ceramics.
B)bones and teeth. C)shells.
D)trilobite evolution.
Q3) Studies of temperatures during the Cenozoic era suggest that temperatures have _______ over time.
A)steadily increased B)steadily decreased C)fluctuated, sometimes greatly, D)stayed basically the same
Q4) How do dating methods help to support the theory of natural selection and biological evolution?
Q5) How does Steno's law of superposition support relative and absolute dating methods?
10
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Chapter 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the
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Q1) Chororapithecus is considered the:
A)oldest fossil in Africa.
B)ancestor to Gigantopithecus.
C)common ancestor of African apes and hominins.
D)ancestor to Aegyptopithecus.
Q2) Canadian primate paleontologist David Begun proposes that climate changes in Europe prompted late Miocene apes to:
A)migrate to Asia from Europe following food sources.
B)take advantage of lower sea levels to migrate from Europe to South America.
C)spread to Europe from Africa following the expansion of tropical forests.
D)move from Europe back to Africa following food sources.
Q3) A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:
A)adaptive radiation of Euprimates.
B)development of Dryopithecus.
C)spread of Sivapithecus.
D)extinction of many primate species.
Q4) Name and briefly describe the three hypotheses of primate origins.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: the Roots of Humanity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humans use their molars for:
A)biting.
B)crushing.
C)shearing.
D)mashing.
Q2) A hominin is defined as having the following two obligate behaviors:
A)speech and advanced cognition.
B)bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex.
C)bipedal locomotion and speech.
D)nonhoning chewing complex and advanced cognition.
Q3) The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than:
A)0.5 mya.
B)1 mya.
C)2 mya.
D)4 mya.
Q4) In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:
A)Orrorin.
B)Sahelanthropus.
C)Gigantopithecus.
D)Paranthropus.
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Chapter 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo
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Q1) Discuss the fossil evidence of Homo habilis, and describe the anatomical and behavioral traits of Homo habilis that introduce the evolution of Homo sapiens.
Q2) Contrast the cranial and dental anatomy and adaptation of Australopithecus robustus with African Homo erectus.
Q3) The earliest fossil evidence for Homo erectus in Western Europe dates from:
A)1.6 mya, from Sima de los Heusos.
B)0.3 mya, from France.
C)1.6 mya, from Dmanisi, Georgia.
D)1.2 mya, from Sima del Elefante.
Q4) African Homo erectus cranial features include:
A)thick cranial bones.
B)small browridges.
C)a rounded skull.
D)a sagittal crest.
Q5) Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like:
A)long legs and opposable toes.
B)double arches and an adducted big toe.
C)long arms.
D)a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.
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Chapter 12: The Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Modern People
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Q1) The morphology of the Paleoindian skull from Kennewick indicates that it:
A)was recovered from an elaborate burial.
B)represents an early Eskimo population.
C)looks quite different from modern Native Americans' skulls.
D)is about 3,000 years old.
Q2) The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?
A)the cervical (neck) vertebrae
B)the mandible
C)the ribs
D)the hyoid
Q3) The people represented by the Denisova fossils likely:
A)interbred with Homo erectus.
B)share a common ancestor with Neandertals.
C)were isolated to the point of extinction.
D)looked very much like Neandertals.
Q4) Discuss the two models of modern human origins-out-of-Africa and multiregional continuity.Briefly describe their main tenets and discuss how the more recent assimilation model differs from each.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Our Last 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, and Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What two models discuss how innovations spread? By what mechanism did wheat spread from the Levant into Europe?
Q2) Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning:
A)more people were needed to produce more food.
B)more people could be fed from the same amount of land.
C)more storage was necessary for the extra food provided by domestication.
D)fewer people were available for labor.
Q3) The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:
A)6,000 yBP.
B)4,000 yBP.
C)1,500 yBP.
D)10,500 yBP.
Q4) Discuss the evidence from the skeletons and teeth of early agriculturalists.Then describe the negative consequences of a shift from food foraging to the domestication of food in terms of pathologic evidence.
Q5) Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene; however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems.Discuss these problems in terms of natural selection.
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