Anthropology of Religion Test Questions
Course Introduction
Anthropology of Religion explores the diverse religious beliefs, practices, and rituals found across cultures, examining how they shape and are shaped by social, political, and economic forces. This course investigates theories and methods used by anthropologists to study religion, focusing on topics such as myth, symbolism, ritual, magic, and the role of religion in identity formation and social cohesion. Through ethnographic case studies and cross-cultural comparison, students gain insight into the ways religion influences everyday life, mediates power relations, and responds to globalization and social change.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 3rd Edition by Nancy Bonvillain
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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Q1) The story "The Girl Who Took Care of the Turkeys" is a __________ narrative.
A) Zuni
B) Apache
C) Cherokee
D) Sioux
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological anthropology career field?
A) primatologist
B) geneticist
C) forensic specialist
D) environmental consultant
Answer: D
Q3) __________ is an area of study that uses the theories and techniques of anthropology to solve real-world problems.
A) Classical anthropology
B) Cultural anthropology
C) Applied anthropology
D) Relief work
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Q1) The behaviors, attitudes, and ideas formed through interaction with others describes which characteristic of culture?
A) shared
B) learned
C) integrated
D) adaptive
Answer: A
Q2) The process by which a less numerous and less powerful cultural group changes its ways and cultural identity to blend in with the dominant culture is referred to as
A) cultural pluralism
B) assimilation
C) acculturation
D) enculturation
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Studying Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Sanos found that __________ changed their relationships with people in town for the better after their first year in "Riverfront" Wisconsin.
A) the birth of their son
B) their newly acquired American citizenship
C) the death of the local mayor
D) their jobs as university professors
Answer: A
Q2) The Quillayute, Northern Paiute, and Delaware narratives may describe
A) the origins of their tribes
B) ancient climatic and ecological events
C) ancient marriage ceremonies
D) hunting rituals
Answer: B
Q3) The founder of the functionalist perspective in anthropology was __________.
A) Clifford Geertz
B) Edward Tylor
C) Franz Boas
D) Bronislaw Malinowski
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Language and Culture
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Q1) In the United States, the ability to use a non-English language tends to disappear in the __________ generation after immigration.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Q2) A/An __________ is a variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, based on regional differences or social differences such as gender, class, race, or ethnicity.
A) accent
B) dialect
C) pidgin
D) creole
Q3) Speakers of the standard dialect gain prestige and respect, while speakers of nonstandard dialects are __________.
A) looked down upon
B) viewed as superior
C) not taken seriously
D) viewed as uneducated
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Learning Ones Culture
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Q1) In early societies, __________ were the only children sent to schools.
A) boys
B) girls
C) children of the elite
D) children of peasants
Q2) It is possible that the concept of personality __________.
A) precedes any kind of cultural training
B) is entirely the product of enculturation
C) is a western construct
D) accounts for only the inner self
Q3) Cognitive tests with Kpelle children show that __________ are culture-specific skills.
A) abstract conceptualization and decontextualized cognition
B) acquisition of multiple languages and vocabulary
C) self-actualization and striving
D) color sight and pattern recognition
Q4) How do people in Inuit and Yoruba societies respond to mental illness? What do they recognize as mental illness? How are these two things different from the understanding of mental illness in the United States?
Q5) What is an initiation rite and what does it serve? Give an example.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Making a Living
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Q1) The sub discipline of anthropology that focuses on subsistence strategies is called __________.
A) symbolic anthropology
B) biometric anthropology
C) archaeology
D) economic anthropology
Q2) Pastoralism is __________ a self-contained subsistence strategy.
A) always
B) usually
C) rarely
D) defined as
Q3) Which of the following is a small-scale form of farming using simple technology?
A) pastoralism
B) horticulture
C) agriculture
D) foraging
Q4) What is a leveling mechanism? What is its purpose? Give two examples of leveling mechanisms from foraging societies and one from pastoral societies.
Q5) What are some of the worldwide effects of industrialized agriculture?
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Chapter 7: Economic Systems
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Q1) Which of the following is an important difference between consumer spending in the developed, versus the developing, world?
A) Developing nations produce goods for much less than developed nations so consumers pay less.
B) When prices are scaled to incomes, there is little difference between consumer spending in the developing and the developed world.
C) Developing nations usually lack an industrial base so they pay more for imported goods than developed nations do.
D) Developed nations produce goods for much less than developing nations so consumers pay less
Q2) Around the world, an estimated __________ children are forced to serve as soldiers in armed conflicts.
A) 50,000
B) 200,000
C) 300,000
D) 500,000
Q3) List and explain the general features that characterize industrial agriculture.
Q4) List and explain the three kinds of reciprocity and give an example of each.
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Chapter 8: Kinship and Descent
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Q1) Which of the following differentiates unilineal and bilateral descent groups?
A) Bilateral descent rules lead to more structured groupings than among unilineal descent groupings.
B) Lineages are only part of bilateral descent groups.
C) All cultures practicing unilineal descent rules exemplify all four types of unilineal descent groups.
D) Unilineal descent groupings are more structured than bilateral descent groupings.
Q2) The notion of kinship is essentially __________, not based on universal, objective criteria.
A) biological
B) fictive
C) social and symbolic
D) philosophical
Q3) __________ are people who are related through marriage.
A) Affines
B) Consanguines
C) Kindred
D) In-laws
Q4) Compare and contrast the different kinship terminology systems.
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Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
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Q1) Which of the following statements about single-parent families is false?
A) These families are formed only as the result of divorce or death of a spouse or parent.
B) Some single-parent families develop when parents do not marry or live together.
C) In the U.S., most single-parent households consist of mother and children.
D) Single-parent households are more likely to have incomes near or below the poverty line.
Q2) U.S. Census figures indicate a __________ in same-sex households between 1990 and 2009.
A) gradual increase
B) gradual decrease
C) sharp increase
D) sharp decrease
Q3) Partly as a result of differing expectations from marriage, arranged marriages __________ result in the happiness of the couple.
A) never
B) often
C) always
D) The happiness of the couple is not a priority.
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11
Chapter 10: Gender
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Q1) In the modern history of industrial societies, when men and women have competed for jobs __________.
A) women have not replaced men because of their lower pay
B) labor and political leaders have sought to limit women's role in the workplace
C) women have been able to expect higher pay
D) women have out-competed men because of their more flexible work schedules
Q2) Women's political representation has __________ in Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
A) been outlawed
B) been legalized
C) increased D) decreased
Q3) As of 2009, __________ of women with children of all ages were working in America.
A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 63%
D) 72%
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Chapter 11: Equality and Inequality
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of ascribed status?
A) caste
B) education
C) neighborhood you live in
D) career
Q2) How do class and caste systems differ?
A) class is an achieved status, while caste is ascribed
B) class systems are found only in industrialized nations
C) caste systems are ancient and no longer exist in modern society
D) caste systems are based on wealth and education
Q3) When American people suffer downward mobility, they __________.
A) go against current ideologies
B) continue to follow prevailing ideologies
C) blame the system, rather than themselves, for failure
D) blame their economic hardship on immigration and other government policy
Q4) In the United States, races, like castes in India, tend to be __________.
A) exogamous
B) endogamous
C) non-hierarchical
D) based on separate ancestries
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Chapter 12: Political Systems
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of a tribal confederacy?
A) The Allies during WWII, when several world powers allied to stop Nazi Germany.
B) The French and Indians during the French and Indian War.
C) The Iroquois, who were made up of five distinct tribal units.
D) The Navajo, who form a cohesive tribal unit across a large geographic space.
Q2) What cultural correlates may be expected to be present in societies which are chiefdoms? Can you think of a group or subculture in our own society with these same attributes?
Q3) Which of the following is an accurate statement about Service's typology of political organization?
A) It is ideal, in that features do not overlap from one typology to another.
B) The ordering of the types indicates an increasing evolution and advancement of societies.
C) It is a useful tool in discussing anthropological cultural differences.
D) Since it is a decades-old concept, it has no use in modern-day cultural anthropology.
Q4) What cultural correlates may be expected to be present in societies with band level organization? Can you think of a group or subculture in our own society with these same attributes?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
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Q1) What role do legal anthropologists play in conflict management in cultures around the world? Give examples.
Q2) Which of the following nonverbal communication cues indicate subordination?
A) direct eye contact
B) erect posture
C) a raised head
D) smiling
Q3) Reciprocal relationships are a point of difficulty in Toraja society because __________.
A) only the extended family can be depended on
B) very high rates of interest are always charged for favors
C) great value is placed on self-sufficiency
D) a person who is denied a request experiences great shame
Q4) The primary goals of warfare in state societies are __________.
A) economic and political
B) national and international
C) governed by rules of warfare
D) territorial expansion and revenge
Q5) What is the role of reciprocity in conflict avoidance? Use the Toraja culture as an example.
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Chapter 14: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Witchcraft is also called __________.
A) sorcery
B) terrifying
C) voo doo
D) magic
Q2) Hinduism is a __________ religion.
A) polytheistic
B) monotheistic
C) animist
D) animatistic
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an explanation for religion as a human universal?
A) social cohesion
B) economic adaptation
C) social control
D) science cannot explain everything in the world around us
Q4) In what ways do religions mirror the societies in which they are practiced? Frame your answer in terms of a comparison of animatism, polytheism, ancestor worship, and monotheism using examples of societies that practice each.
Q5) What is magic? Witchcraft? How do they serve to explain events and reinforce social norms?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Arts
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ art imitates, idealizes, or symbolizes form and experience.
A) Representational
B) Formalist
C) Instrumental
D) Mimetic
Q2) The Zapotec of Mexico engage in __________ at social gatherings when non-Zapotec persons are present in order to reinforce their ethnic identity.
A) Zapotec language singing
B) traditional Zapotec riddles and joking
C) body painting
D) traditional Zapotec dancing
Q3) People who particularly have a lot of body art are __________.
A) agriculturalist societies
B) horticulturalist societies
C) nomadic societies
D) industrial societies
Q4) What are the commonalities and differences between oral and written literature?
Q5) Discuss how art is viewed in American society by comparing and contrasting art found at MOMA with that found at the National Gallery.
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Chapter 16: Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
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Q1) Which of the following statements does NOT illustrate the concept of the "white man's burden"?
A) Colonial governments have a duty of association and collaboration towards subject races.
B) Natives deserved to be civilized by the guidance and superiority of the white men.
C) Missionaries in the Americas were saving the natives and doing God's work by saving them.
D) European colonizers have a duty to uphold the customs and traditions of the local indigenous people.
Q2) How have post-colonial governments generally dealt with indigenous peoples? What do you think are the reasons for this? How can indigenous people re-gain their rights?
Q3) Some argue that the media is destroying the traditions of non-Western peoples around the world. Compare the global media to colonialism. Do you agree that the media is responsible for this erosion of local traditions?
Q4) Discuss the political, economic, and social impacts of the slave trade on Africa. How do these issues affect modern-day Africa?
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Chapter 17: Living in a Global World
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Q1) An estimated 75 percent of email and 80 percent of computer data around the world are transferred in what language?
A) Chinese
B) Arabic
C) English
D) Spanish
Q2) How has the maquiladora program in Mexico operated to maximize profits for companies that participate in it?
Q3) Most workers for multinational corporations in Malaysia are not union members because __________.
A) unions are illegal
B) unions rarely are able to improve working and wage conditions for workers
C) unions accept only males, but most workers are female
D) three years of steady employment are required for union membership but most workers are hired on six-month contracts
Q4) Why did the genocide in of 1994 occur in Rwanda?
Q5) How have transnational migration and new technologies operated in concert to make transnationalism possible in ways it was not before the 20<sup>th</sup> century?
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