Anthropology of Globalization Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Anthropology of Globalization explores the complex cultural, economic, and social dynamics that arise as local communities interact with global processes. The course examines how global flows of people, ideas, goods, and capital shape identities, transform traditions, and influence societal structures around the world. Students will analyze case studies that highlight the impacts of transnational migration, digital communication, environmental change, and international development, while critically assessing concepts like hybridity, resistance, and cultural homogenization. Through ethnographic perspectives, the course encourages reflection on the opportunities and challenges globalization presents to diverse cultures and the ways individuals and communities respond to these shifts.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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Q1) The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristic of what dynamic of contemporary globalism?
A) uneven development
B) flexible accumulation
C) rapid change
D) time-space compression
E) dynamic expansion
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher who studies how the Latin language of ancient Rome changed into the Romance languages of today (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Italian) is practicing what type of anthropology?
A) descriptive linguistics
B) comparative research
C) classical linguistics
D) classical archaeology
E) historic linguistics
Answer: E
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture
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Q1) In order to engage in cultural relativism as a research strategy, anthropologists must:
A) ignore their own sense of right and wrong, and disregard international standards of human rights.
B) attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context.
C) reject their own culture entirely.
D) evaluate the norms, values, beliefs, and practices of other cultures against their own culture.
E) memorize the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
Answer: B
Q2) Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) described two aspects of power that included material power and:
A) hegemony.
B) coercion.
C) influence.
D) prestige.
E) wealth.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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Q1) Margaret Mead:
A) conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
B) researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
C) studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
D) examined sexuality in Samoa.
E) became an expert on Native Americans.
Answer: D
Q2) Evaluate the merits of the long-term participant observation advocated by Bronislaw Malinowski relative to merits of the methods of "armchair" anthropology.
Answer: Students should define each term. They should then discuss that armchair anthropology created and reinforced ethnocentric visions of cultural superiority among Europeans. Students should discuss that long-term fieldwork allows the ethnographer to establish rapport with informants and gain insight into the insider's view of his or her culture.
Q3) Define zeros and explain their significance for ethnographers.
Answer: Zeros are the elements of a story or picture that are not told or seen; they are key details omitted from the conversation. This omission offers insight into which topics are too sensitive to discuss publicly.
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Chapter 4: Language
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Q1) Anthropologist Laura Bohannan discovered in her attempt to translate a classic text from English literature that:
A) an underlying universal grammar that all humans share facilitated her work.
B) the landscape of the Nigerian village shaped the folklore of the inhabitants.
C) accurate translation of Shakespeare is best accomplished through sign language.
D) the meaning of the story became lost as the original meanings of the English words could not be easily translated.
E) it is straightforward to translate stories across different languages.
Q2) Which of the following statements is correct about the worldwide language diversity?
A) The 3,500 least widely used languages are spoken by one-third of the world's population.
B) English is spoken by nearly 90 percent of the world's population.
C) Ten of the most prominent languages are spoken by half of the world's population.
D) Colonialism spread languages like Hindi, Korean, and Urdu across the globe.
E) Global media like radio and television are diminishing the influence of prominent European languages.
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Chapter 5: Human Origins
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Q1) Contrast the two theories on the ultimate fate of the Neandertals.
Q2) The radiopotassium dating technique is applied to:
A) fossilized bone.
B) stone of volcanic origin.
C) organic remains.
D) bones and teeth.
E) limestone.
Q3) Identify where Neandertals are located in the human evolutionary chain and how they are similar physically to other modern Homo sapiens.
Q4) Complex innovations that allow humans to cope with the environment are called: A) developmental adaptations.
B) physiological adaptations.
C) genetic adaptations.
D) cultural adaptations.
E) acclimatization.
Q5) Describe the relationship between solar radiation, vitamin D, and skin color as examples of adaptation and natural selection.
Q6) Describe the four types of adaptation that have contributed to human survivability.
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Chapter 6: Race and Racism
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Q1) In at least two cultures discussed in the text, wealth is a factor in determining race. Explain how money can have an effect on racial determination, a supposedly biological classification, and provide an example from the class.
Q2) What term describes policies favoring native-born inhabitants over new immigrants?
A) nativism
B) eugenics
C) racism
D) supremacy
E) colonialism
Q3) A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:
A) racist ideology.
B) individual racism.
C) fascism.
D) nativism.
E) eugenics.
Q4) Identify three factors that determine race in the Dominican Republic.
Q5) Explain how European colonial expansion gave rise to "race" and racism.
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Q1) Many immigrant groups in the United States-such as Arabs, Czechs, the French, Irish, Italians, Greeks, Jews, and many others-have assimilated into white American society, and this has been described as a(n):
A) melting pot.
B) patchwork.
C) tossed salad.
D) potpourri.
E) amalgamation.
Q2) Explain what is meant when we say that a nation is an imagined community, and give an example from the class.
Q3) A group of people who share an idea of cultural and ancestral connection and who see themselves as distinct from people in other groups is described as a(n):
A) society.
B) ethnicity.
C) dominion.
D) consortium.
E) brotherhood.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gender
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Q1) The marketing of Viagra builds on the myth of:
A) the "real man," who is able to reach an erection and perform sexually.
B) the "good father," who spends quality time with his children.
C) the "good mother," who strives to be strong for her children.
D) the "fag discourse," where heterosexual men distance themselves from gay men.
E) "matriarchy," where women dominate society economically and politically.
Q2) The discussion of machismo in Latin America in the text indicates that:
A) all cultures construct masculinity in the same way.
B) conceptions of machismo and masculinity are variable and shifting.
C) each culture constructs masculinity differently, but are always internally consistent in that construction.
D) machismo really has nothing to do with masculinity at all.
E) masculinity is constructed variably across and within cultures, but is always conceived and performed consistently by individuals.
Q3) Explain how feminist research on gender stratification and gender roles has changed since Margaret Mead's pioneering research, paying particular attention to the approaches and findings of Sherri Ortner, Michelle Rosaldo, Eleanor Leacock, and Annette Weiner. What do we understand about how gender should be studied today?
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Chapter 9: Sexuality
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Q1) Margaret Mead's work in the islands of the western Pacific contributed which of the following to a greater understanding of human sexuality?
A) This work provided evidence that men are naturally sexually promiscuous.
B) This work challenged the assumptions that sexual practices should be private rather than public.
C) This work provided evidence that women are naturally sexually promiscuous.
D) This work explored the commonalities between human sexual practices and the sexual practices of other primates.
E) This work challenged the assumptions that U.S. attitudes about sexuality were universal traits fixed in human nature.
Q2) According to the text, the idea that masturbation was a form of self-abuse is most characteristic of which period?
A) the 1960s
B) the Renaissance
C) the Industrial Revolution
D) the Victorian era
E) the 1980s
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Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Q1) Anthropologists argue that kinship is one of several ways in which individuals form groups. Name three other ways in which humans form groups and provide some concrete examples of each. Does kinship influence how these other groups are formed? Why or why not?
Q2) Individuals in descent groups whose primary relationships are determined in the United States via "blood" relations are generally called which of the following types of relatives?
A) unilineal
B) sanguine
C) ambilineal
D) cross-related
E) consanguineal
Q3) A patrilineal descent group traces kinships through which side of the family?
A) mother's
B) sibling's
C) grandparent's
D) father's
E) cousin's
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Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
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Q1) Max Weber referred to the opportunities that individuals have to improve their quality of life and realize their life goals as:
A) elite prestige.
B) life chances.
C) prestige status.
D) life stances.
E) elite power.
Q2) Systems of stratification and power such as class:
A) are not intrinsic to human culture.
B) are entrenched in patterns of behavior central to human evolutionary success.
C) involve the accumulation of material wealth only.
D) involve the accumulation of prestige only.
E) are least pronounced in industrialized capitalist economies.
Q3) In India's caste system, the population is divided into how many different castes, or varna?
A) twelve
B) seven
C) four
D) thirteen
E) two
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Chapter 12: The Global Economy
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Q1) Discuss where and when agricultural production is first seen in the historical record. What technologies does this subsistence strategy entail? Identify and explain changes that occur with the transition to the agricultural subsistence strategy, providing a total of three examples of social, political, and demographic changes that occur in societies practicing agriculture that occur with food production that are not seen in horticultural, pastoral, or foraging lifestyles.
Q2) European colonialism was achieved through:
A) creating a new market for goods formerly exported from the Orient. B) advanced weaponry and military strategies.
C) short-term and equal exchanges with Caribbean islands.
D) cooperation through the governments of Spain and England. E) policies that created a balance of power between colonizers and the colonized.
Q3) ________ is the commodity most closely associated with early Chinese trade routes.
A) Fur
B) Sugar
C) Salt
D) Silk
E) Slaves
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Migration
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Q1) Transnationalism is:
A) immigrants who continue to travel back and forth between destination and origin countries.
B) the process by which immigrants decide to leave the country they migrated to and relocate "home."
C) assets and skills such as language, education, or social networks that complement financial resources.
D) the maintenance of active participation in political, religious, social, and economic spheres across national borders.
E) migration that takes place within borders.
Q2) As increasing numbers of women migrate, how does the immigration experience reshape gender roles and gender relations? Drawing from evidence discussed in the textbook, analyze how migration enhances their social or economic status, as well as the personal and familial costs. How are husbands, children, and other kin affected by migration by women, and how do men experience shifts in gender roles?
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Chapter 14: Politics and Power
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Q1) In a brief essay, compare and contrast the concept of power, in general, with state power, and give an example of each.
Q2) Hunting and gathering peoples developed a successful adaptation that promoted generosity, altruism, and sharing while resisting upstarts, aggression, and egoism. This is referred to as:
A) compatibility.
B) consensus.
C) egalitarianism.
D) hierarchy.
E) parallelism.
Q3) Early states played an important role in the development of most areas of the world, so their origin, construction, and organization are the focus of modern:
A) social historians.
B) political scientists.
C) political anthropologists.
D) government officials.
E) archaeologists.
Q4) In a brief essay, describe three ways power is wielded outside the control of the state.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Q1) The anthropologist's task when examining religion is to try to capture the vivid inner life, sense of moral order, dynamic public expressions, and interactions with other systems of meaning and power. Based on your own experiences, how does religion inform an individual's inner life, sense of moral order, dynamic public expressions, and interactions with other systems of meaning and power? How does religion inform these aspects on a cultural or social level? What is the underlying purpose of religion within a cultural group or society? What do anthropologists have to offer to the exploration and understanding of world religions?
Q2) Which of the following was a German sociologist, philosopher, and economist who believed that ideas rather than economics can be equally powerful in shaping society?
A) Marvin Harris
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Victor Turner
E) Emile Durkheim
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Chapter 16: Health and Illness
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Q1) Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the description of biomedicine in the text?
A) It has spread because it encompasses an aura of modernity and progress.
B) It draws heavily on European enlightenment values.
C) Its values of individualism and rationality are not universally held.
D) Social factors rather than the human body are the focus of treatment.
E) It is closely linked with Western economic and political expansion.
Q2) Anthropologist and physician Paul Farmer's first step in improving health conditions in the rural community of Cange involved:
A) assessing health-care needs by x-raying and collecting blood samples from residents.
B) having the government provide physicians and nurses to help him conduct a health survey.
C) providing clean drinking water to the community.
D) asking the Catholic Church to send missionaries so that locals would give up beliefs in voodoo.
E) burning the village to kill all bacteria, and relocating residents to a hilltop.
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Chapter 17: Art and Media
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Q1) Gaunt's research into kinetic orality in U.S. playgrounds shows that:
A) young black girls tend to imitate the music and gestures of hip-hop performers.
B) black male musicians created a new art form.
C) kinetic orality is a unique rhyming pattern similar to that spoken in south London.
D) young women raised in black culture learn to perform a rhythmic pattern of clapping and stomping as part of the socialization process.
E) young black women tend to play together until young men show up.
Q2) Summarize Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins' study of National Geographic's photographic gaze. What is the effect of National Geographic's cultural lens? Then make a short list of visual media you encounter throughout the day-social media, news, television shows, websites, and advertising, for example-and list some clues that you think intentionally or unintentionally express the worldviews of the media owners, editors, designers, videographers, or others who made that media.
Q3) Define the term "kinetic orality" and describe the circular relationship Kyra Gaunt documented between the games black girls play and commercial hip-hop culture, especially as it pertains to the construction of gender.
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