Anthropology of Globalization Pre-Test
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Course Introduction
Anthropology of Globalization explores the cultural, social, economic, and political impacts of globalization on communities around the world. The course examines how global flows of people, goods, ideas, and technologies reshape identities, local traditions, and social relations. Students analyze case studies of transnational labor migration, global media, environmental change, and resistance movements through an anthropological lens, investigating the tensions between homogenization and cultural diversity. Emphasis is placed on ethnographic approaches and critical theories to understand how global processes create new forms of inequality, hybrid cultures, and contested meanings in both local and global contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective 8th Edition by Raymond Scupin
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology
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Q1) Which of the following would NOT be considered a specialization within the discipline of physical anthropology?
A) human anatomy
B) paleopathology
C) primatology
D) phonology
Answer: D
Q2) One methodology for the study of extraterrestrial cultures that would come from anthropology would be:
A) field studies of planetary geography and geology
B) participant observation to get an "insider's" perspective
C) lab studies of comparative anatomy and physiology
D) interpretations of alien songs and poetry
Answer: B
Q3) The material products of former societies are known as:
A) artifacts
B) fossils
C) legacies
D) antiquaries
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Human Evolution
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Q1) The earliest stone tools, which have been found in south and east Africa, are called __________ tools.
A) Oldowan
B) Acheulian
C) Mousterian
D) composite
E) Habilian
Answer: A
Q2) According to the fossil evidence, the first hominids to migrate out of Africa were the Neandertals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Colorful paintings of bison, deer, and other animals in caves were made by: A) Neandertals
B) Homo erectus
C) modern Homo sapiens
D) australopithecines
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) Archaeologists are primarily concerned with interpreting and explaining past societies by examining the material culture remains left by a people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The term "ideology" refers to:
A) signs and symbols used to communicate particular ideas
B) beliefs and values supporting the interests of a group
C) specific expressions of material culture
D) a faulty or misguided worldview
Answer: B
Q3) When people express disapproval that a healthy, intelligent, unmarried person with no children is living with their parents at age 30, their attitude reflects a common __________ of society in the United States.
A) more
B) ethos
C) folkway
D) ideology
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Process of Enculturation: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology
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Q1) What are some of the ways in which decisions influenced by one's culture can regularly override basic human drives to: 1) eat, 2) sleep, and 3) have sex?
Q2) According to psychologist Jean Piaget, the "preoperational stage" - corresponding roughly to ages 2 through 7 - is characterized by:
A) experience of the world only through physical contact
B) the use of logic to connect events in terms of cause and effect
C) the ability to distinguish between fantasy and objective reality
D) the use of reasoning processes and abstract symbols to understand the world
Q3) Derek Freeman argued that Margaret Mead's research concerning adolescents in Samoa was flawed and led her to make erroneous conclusions.
A)True B)False
Q4) Evolutionary psychologists emphasize innate human predispositions. A)True B)False
Q5) Culture allows humans to adjust to a wide range of physical environments. A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Language
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Q1) Noam Chomsky suggests humans are born with a brain prewired to enable us to acquire languages easily. This "prewiring" is referred to as __________.
A) syntax
B) universal grammar
C) infinite model
D) functional template
Q2) Glottochronology is the study of the interrelationships among the vocal tract, glottis, larynx, and pharynx in the production of sound.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One goal of anthropological linguistics is to determine the number of phonemes (phonetic structure) that exist in different languages. This goal is accomplished by employing the use of:
A) minimal pairs
B) phone taps
C) maximal differences
D) syntax units
Q4) Would it be possible to have a culture without a language?
Q5) Could Neandertals speak in the same way as anatomically modern human beings?
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Chapter 6: Anthropological Explanations
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Q1) The concept of maintains that societal change occurs when societies borrow cultural traits from one another.
A) functionalism
B) structuralism
C) evolutionary dispersal
D) cultural scatter
E) diffusionism
Q2) According to general evolutionists such as Leslie A. White, since the degree of societal development is measured by the amount of energy harnessed by the sociocultural system, the greater the energy, the more highly evolved the system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The cultural ecological perspective of cultural evolution focuses on how specific sociocultural systems adapt to environmental conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How would a cultural materialist explain why Muslims don't eat pork?
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Chapter 7: Analyzing Sociocultural Systems
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Q1) Repetitive religious behaviors that communicate sacred symbols to members of society are:
A) rituals
B) myths
C) shamans
D) norms
Q2) Skin color has been used to designate ascribed status differences in South Africa under the system of apartheid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ethnologist Leopold Pospisil has suggested that there are four criteria that must be present in order for a norm to be considered a law. Which of the following is not one of these criteria?
A) authority
B) intention of universal application
C) obligation
D) sanction
E) internalization
Q4) What are the benefits and limitations of conducting cross-cultural research?
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Chapter 8: Band Societies
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Q1) The two basic elements of social organization for foraging groups are the:
A) clan and tribe
B) nuclear family and band
C) troop and horde
D) throng and band
E) ensemble and group
Q2) Conflict resolution in forager societies:
A) usually involves a formal court style setting where the accused, placed on trial, must defend himself or herself without the help of other members of the group
B) is based on informal sanctions because there are generally no formal government institutions or political authority available
C) is handled by simply banishing the disputing parties from the band forever
D) is unnecessary since there are no recorded examples of disputes or conflicts in these band societies
Q3) Food production, as a subsistence pattern, developed about:
A) 1 million years ago
B) 100,000 to 120,000 years ago
C) 10,000 to 12,000 years ago
D) 1,000 to 2,000 years ago
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Chapter 9: Tribes
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Q1) Tribal societies rely on both formal courts and lawyers for internal conflict resolution.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A form of tribal political organization found, for example, among the Nuer and Bedouins, based on multiple descent groups (often patriline?ages) that are interrelated and serve certain political functions is known as a:
A) segmentary lineage system
B) fragmented descent pattern
C) maximal moiety system
D) divided descent group configuration
E) clan
Q3) Pastoralists, such as the Nuer, slaughter most of their cattle in the fall and store the meat for use over the year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a society is divided into two parts, each is called a moiety.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Chiefdoms
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Q1) Food storage can directly affect political economy because:
A) Accumulation of surplus within households results in differences in social status.
B) Storage reduces the need to be economically productive.
C) It is essential for the survival of foraging societies dependent upon unreliable resources.
D) Food was a principal commodity in long-distance exchange.
Q2) Regional symbiosis:
A) occurs when the Kula Ring joins the Potlatch in Tahiti
B) is a term that refers to the type of language that was developed so people from different chiefdoms could understand each other when they traded goods
C) occurs when groups of people who live in different ecological habitats establish mutual dependency by exchanging their locally obtained products
D) refers to the different levels of legal structure (police, judges, juries) that exist in any chiefdom society
E) is the "symbol" of a chiefdom similar to a flag representing a modern nation
Q3) Explain why many traditional Polynesian societies are characterized as chiefdoms and not tribes or bands.
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Chapter 11: Agricultural States
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Q1) It has been hypothesized that as women's roles in agriculture decreased, their social status decreased as well; thus, agricultural societies are more patriarchal than tribes and chiefdoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In contrast to horticulture, intensive agriculture allows a population to produce a surplus of food so population densities and the size of permanent settlements can grow.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There is no evidence that the ancient Maya civilization made use of intensive forms of agriculture.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As in forager societies, divorce in agricultural states occurs very frequently because there are no economic or political ties that must be taken into consideration.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Industrial States
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Q1) What is the difference between a closed society and an open society? Is the United States a closed or open society? What about Japan, the former Soviet Union, and Great Britain?
Q2) A major factor leading to the diminishing importance of the extended family in industrial societies was the high rate of geographic mobility.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As Europe and America began to industrialize, the political organizations were transformed. Members of the middle class became economically powerful and were drawn to ideas of popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty means that:
A) Kings and queens should retain ultimate political power.
B) People, rather than rulers, were the ultimate source of political authority.
C) What is trendy at the moment is the best way to run the economy.
D) Political power should be vested in the elite and upper classes, rather than the lower classes.
E) The only good dictator is a dead one.
Q4) How does industrialization affect the family, kinship, marriage, and divorce?
Q5) What are some of the unique characteristics of Japanese industrial corporations?
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Chapter 13: Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies
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Q1) The Ju/'hoansi or San foragers inhabit the modern nations of:
A) South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana
B) Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda
C) Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania
D) Venezuela and Brazil
Q2) Rates of alcoholism among the Ju/'hoansi or San have increased as a result of wage labor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Approximately one third of Native Americans in the U.S. live in urban areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The deculturation of indigenous societies results in the loss of indigenous knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Ju/'hoansi or San were protected from exploitation and assimilation by the South African government.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean
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Q1) The principal effect of the hacienda system in Latin America was the institution of:
A) military authority
B) capitalistic authority
C) feudalistic authority
D) religious authority
Q2) The term maquiladoras is used to refer to:
A) illegal Mexican aliens working in the U.S.
B) armed guerrillas operating in the Mexican countryside
C) factories in Mexico owned and run by multinational corporations
D) underage Mexican prostitutes
Q3) The term mestizo refers to an individual of mixed descent.
A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) African and European
C) Indian and European
D) Protestant and Catholic
Q4) Although both Mexico and Venezuela are oil-producing nations, the standard of living in each of these countries is still well below that of the U.S. or most European countries for most of the population. What do you see as the most important factors responsible for these differences?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Globalization in the Middle East and Asia
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Q1) Islam, like all religious traditions, has different interpretations based on context. What are some of the ways in which Islam has been used to justify actions by political and religious leaders?
Q2) Mohandas Gandhi was the leader of an unsuccessful, violent rebellion against the Dutch colonial rule in Indochina.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The more materialist interpretation of the caste system attributes its origin to:
A) heredity
B) widespread social consensus
C) religious mythology
D) economic and political conditions
Q4) The population of the People's Republic of China contains approximately 30 percent minorities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is meant by the term hamula? How important is the hamula for modern Arabs? What role does the hamula play in familial and economic relationships?
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Chapter 16: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Which of the following is not a pattern of ethnic interaction?
A) segregation
B) ethnic cleansing
C) fratricide
D) genocide
Q2) All humans categorize race and ethnic groups in the same cognitive manner.
A)True
B)False
Q3) African Americans had the largest demographic increase compared to other ethnic groups, according to the 2000 census.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When minority ethnic groups want to resist cultural hegemony by the dominant ethnic group, they often try to secede and develop their own nation states. This is called a(n):
A) pluralist movement
B) multicultural movement
C) ethnonationalist movement
D) colonialist movement
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Chapter 17: Contemporary Global Trends
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Q1) Ethnographic research aimed at examining the Green Revolution, which is the spread of mechanized agriculture, has found that:
A) This revolution is proceeding smoothly in many Third World countries, providing much needed food for the lower classes, especially the small farmers.
B) These innovations have created a number of unintended social and economic problems, such as widening the gap between the rich and poor because wealthy farmers buy out smaller farmers, creating a class of landless peasants.
C) Many of the genetically engineered plants and animals do not survive and reproduce in different climates and geographical locations, creating problems of waste disposal of excess carcasses and erosion/soil degradation when plants die en masse.
D) Individuals in cultures other than the West have found that the mechanization of agriculture leaves them with too much free-time; as a result, crime, spouse abuse, and drug addiction increase exponentially.
Q2) Give an example from the text of how multinational corporations that exploit the natural resources of a developing society have maximized their profits but not enhanced the local economy in the long term.
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Chapter 18: Applied Anthropology
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Q1) Clyde Snow, the forensic anthropologist, is quite a good criminal psychologist.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Problems sometimes arise between applied anthropologists and private developers or government officials. Many agencies want to implement changes immediately, without consideration for the people who will be impacted. Anthropologists often recommend against these rapidly planned innovations and, as a consequence, the agencies ignore recommendations. In these circumstances, applied anthropologists have often been forced to take an advocacy approach, or the:
A) representative role
B) analyst role
C) facilitator role
D) informant role
Q3) Anthropologists John Van Willigen and V. C. Channa found that the increase in dowry deaths was partially the result of:
A) rapid price increases for consumer goods
B) decrease in the average age of the bride
C) increase in the practice of bridewealth among rural families
D) the repeal of national laws that made the institution of dowry illegal
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