Anthropology of Gender Review Questions
Course Introduction
Anthropology of Gender explores the diverse ways gender roles and identities are constructed, experienced, and understood across different cultures and historical periods. The course examines the interplay between gender, power, and social structures, considering how gender intersects with race, class, sexuality, and other aspects of identity. Through ethnographic case studies and theoretical frameworks, students analyze how cultural practices, institutions, and beliefs shape, challenge, and reinforce gender norms. Emphasis is placed on both local and global perspectives, highlighting gender-related issues such as inequality, resistance, and transformation in a rapidly changing world.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 3rd Edition by Nancy Bonvillain
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The terms Female Genital Mutilation and Female Circumcision reflect __________.
A) different procedures that are conducted on women in some cultures
B) different attitudes toward the same procedure
C) a medical versus non-medical understanding of a cultural practice
D) the need for more precise terms in anthropological research
Answer: B
Q2) The Spanish colonization of South America in the sixteenth century A.D. is an example of __________.
A) culture change
B) civilization
C) globalization
D) comparative perspective
Answer: C
Q3) Early anthropological researchers favored what they considered to be __________.
A) rapidly changing indigenous societies
B) small, isolated indigenous societies
C) rural European villages
D) friendly and welcoming cultures
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both kuru and mad cow disease are caused by __________ ingested from infected meat.
A) prions
B) a virus
C) bacteria
D) heavy metals
Answer: A
Q2) __________ is the process by which a group adjusts to living within a dominant culture while at the same time maintaining its original cultural identity.
A) Cultural pluralism
B) Acculturation
C) Assimilation
D) Syncretism
Answer: B
Q3) The most apt term to describe cultural change over time is __________.
A) cultural evolution
B) social Darwinism
C) ethnogenesis
D) culture history
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Studying Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ can be described as the study of the social functions of cultural traits.
A) Interpretive anthropology
B) Evolutionary anthropology
C) Functionalism
D) Materialism
Answer: C
Q2) In response to the recognition that cultures or societies are not uniform and that many people cooperate and compete in forming a society, anthropologists have
A) begun to resort exclusively to cultural life histories
B) begun to focus on smaller and smaller groups of people
C) begun to shift towards national personality studies
D) have begun to reflexively question whose voices and views appear in their writing and whose do not
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Language and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently, researchers believe that speech capability developed in human ancestors by __________ years ago.
A) 50,000 to 75,000
B) 100,000 to 150,000
C) 200,000 to 250,000
D) 300,000 to 400,000
Q2) __________ is the ability to join sounds and words in theoretically infinite meaningful combinations.
A) Symbolism
B) Productivity
C) Duality of Patterning
D) Syntax
Q3) A minimal unit of sound that differentiates meaning in a particular language is a __________.
A) phoneme
B) syllable
C) vowel
D) morpheme
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Chapter 5: Learning Ones Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do people in Inuit and Yoruba societies respond to mental illness? What do they recognize as mental illness? How are these two things different from the understanding of mental illness in the United States?
Q2) A possible reason for higher aggression in boys cross-culturally is __________.
A) boys spend more time with peers their age than do girls
B) boys do not handle weaning as well as girls
C) girls are punished more severely for aggressiveness than boys
D) boys are more encouraged to engage in athletics
Q3) Boys might develop stronger muscles and motor behavior than girls because
A) they are genetically superior
B) they are genetically inferior
C) they are held and touched more as babies
D) they are encouraged to be aggressive
Q4) Practices of delayed social birth are generally found in societies where
A) there is little understanding of medicine
B) ancestral spirits are important elements in religion
C) there has been, or still is a high rate of infant mortality
D) there has been, or is still is a low rate of infant mortality
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Making a Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) Foragers are usually __________.
A) mobile
B) permanent
C) scattered
D) farmers
Q2) Briefly summarize the major traits of foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture as subsistence strategies.
Q3) The application of industrial technology and chemicals to farming in order to increase productivity is called __________.
A) horticulture
B) intensive agriculture
C) centralization
D) industrial agriculture
Q4) The earliest known agricultural crops were __________ and __________, found in the Middle East by about 12,000 years ago.
A) corn, rice
B) maize, wheat
C) wheat, barley
D) manioc, barley
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Chapter 7: Economic Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is the relationship between labor and social status reflected in relative contributions to subsistence?
A) Individuals that contribute the most to subsistence always have the highest social status.
B) The relationship between labor and social status is contextual.
C) In societies where men have higher social status than women, men perform most of the subsistence work.
D) There is no relationship between labor and social status.
Q2) A __________ anthropologist might test a new product for a company or observe shoppers in a new setting.
A) forensic
B) biological
C) economic
D) archaeological
Q3) The use of subsistence resources, including outcomes of production.
A) subsistence
B) economic system
C) consumption
D) allocation
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Kinship and Descent
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Sample Questions
Q1) The child of one's mother's sister or of one's father's brother.
A) parallel cousin
B) cross cousin
C) second cousin
D) third cousin
Q2) What are inheritance rules? How are they related to rules of descent? How do they work in different systems of unilineal descent?
Q3) The Cheyenne utilizes which type of kinship terminology system?
A) Eskimo
B) Crow
C) Iroquois
D) Omaha
Q4) The Ganda, patrilineal horticulturalists from Uganda, use patrilineal inheritance rules but traditionally bypassed the eldest son for what purpose?
A) to prevent infighting among sons
B) to include younger sons in an important event
C) to disperse kinship ties and link more distant relatives into the kin group effectively
D) to avoid upsetting the dead man's ghost
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Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today, __________ is illegal in India.
A) asking for or receiving dowries
B) offering a dowry
C) arranging a marriage
D) caste exogamous marriage
Q2) The Iban are rice farmers living along rivers of Western __________.
A) Borneo
B) China
C) Palestine
D) Thailand
Q3) In joint and extended families conflicts over __________ are common.
A) adequate space
B) housework and chores
C) authority and inheritance
D) budgets and expenses
Q4) What is the definition of a household?
A) a family
B) a group of related people who share a common dwelling
C) a group of people who share a common dwelling
D) a family that cooperates economically
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Chapter 10: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast attitudes regarding homosexual behavior in the United States and Etoro society.
Q2) Gender gaps in industrialized society have been justified by the ideology that __________.
A) women have fewer financial responsibilities
B) men are more skilled workers
C) male status would decline if women's wages were comparable D) women are only interested in working until they are married
Q3) The symbol of yin and yang represent the idea of the complementary nature of genders with yin representing __________ and yang representing __________.
A) maleness, femaleness
B) femaleness, maleness
C) heterosexuality, homosexuality
D) homosexuality, heterosexuality
Q4) Explain the distinction between gender and sex. In what ways do the two intersect? In what ways are they different?
Q5) What are the circumstances under which gender relations tend to be most equal in a society? Under what circumstances do they tend to be the most unequal?
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Chapter 11: Equality and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research in Belgium by Jef van der Broeck revealed what differences in middle-class and working-class speech patterns?
A) Middle-class speakers use the same amount of sentence complexity as working-class speakers, but a larger vocabulary.
B) There was almost no difference in middle-class and working-class speech in Belgium, which is highly unusual.
C) Working-class speakers are more likely to use unusual word choices in order to impress others when they feel uncomfortable because of class differences.
D) Middle-class and working-class sentence complexity is the same for informal speech, but in formal speech situations, middle-class speakers use more complex sentences.
Q2) A/An __________ status is one that is given to a person by others at birth rather than one that is earned or necessarily desired.
A) class
B) ascribed
C) low
D) legal
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13
Chapter 12: Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about chiefdom societies is true?
A) Most chiefs gain their status through personal achievement.
B) Some chiefs do not appear to have benefited economically from their position at all.
C) Chiefs are thought to receive power from spiritual powers and, therefore, do not need to be generous to their followers.
D) It is almost always the case the chiefdom based societies are united under a single paramount chief who controls clans or kin groups through sub-chiefs.
Q2) According to Robert Carneiro's theory of state formation, __________ was the critical factor in the formation of early states.
A) the need for a military
B) massive social organization for irrigation works
C) environmental circumscription
D) the emergence of religious priesthoods
Q3) Societies have gone through many social and political transitions in human history. What kinds of social changes do you think that globalization will lead to in the future?
How will this affect our current concept of societal "types," including bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
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Q1) In __________ a jealous husband or rejected suitor may seek revenge against a woman by throwing acid on her face and body.
A) Kenya
B) Greece
C) Pakistan
D) Vietnam
Q2) How are wars between states different from wars as practiced by any other form of society? How does civil war affect violence in state societies?
Q3) Among the Eastern Pomos, taking resources from someone else's land was NOT considered theft as long as which of the following was true?
A) permission was granted
B) it was not observed by an outsider
C) they were not plant resources
D) distant kin were the offenders
Q4) How do gender status, household composition, and kinship patterns influence patterns of interfamily violence cross-culturally?
Q5) Explain violence resulting from revenge and blood feuds in Nuer society. What role do leopard-skin chiefs play?
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Chapter 14: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the idea of mana in Polynesian societies with the idea of luck in western societies.
Q2) The majority of Muslims are known as __________.
A) Shi'ite
B) Orthodox
C) Islamic
D) Sunni
Q3) In Japan, the keeping of tablets which record the lives of dead male and female relatives and the performance of commemorative rituals for these tablets is known as
A) Buddhism
B) Confucianism
C) animatism
D) ancestor worship
Q4) Most spirit causes for disease are __________.
A) incurable
B) metaphors for imbalance
C) deadly
D) never studied by anthropologists
Q5) Discuss globalization's influence on the global spread of fundamentalism.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Arts
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Navajo society, songs __________.
A) are not meant to last and be preserved but, rather, to be created and expressed
B) are carefully preserved property passed from generation to generation within families
C) never used in ritual, but commonly used during menial tasks
D) reserved for use in ritual settings only
Q2) What is the term for art produced by a particular group of people that comes to express and symbolize their ethnic identity?
A) symbolic expression
B) identity art
C) representational art
D) ethnic art
Q3) The Zapotec of Mexico engage in __________ at social gatherings when non-Zapotec persons are present in order to reinforce their ethnic identity.
A) Zapotec language singing
B) traditional Zapotec riddles and joking
C) body painting
D) traditional Zapotec dancing
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Chapter 16: Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Colonial authorities recognized "native law," or __________, in order to secure greater control over indigenous populations.
A) tribal courts
B) customary law
C) kangaroo courts
D) mediation proceedings
Q2) __________ result from military invasions that support permanent settlement by the invaders' citizens.
A) Settlement colonies
B) Exploitation colonies
C) Maritime enclaves
D) Missionism
Q3) The first colonial power to engage in slave trading along the coast of West Africa was __________.
A) England
B) Spain
C) France
D) Portugal
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Chapter 17: Living in a Global World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most workers for multinational corporations in Malaysia are not union members because __________.
A) unions are illegal
B) unions rarely are able to improve working and wage conditions for workers
C) unions accept only males, but most workers are female
D) three years of steady employment are required for union membership but most workers are hired on six-month contracts
Q2) Quechua farmers living in the Peruvian Andes implemented a strategy allowing them to safeguard the preservation of what native crop?
A) potatoes
B) corn
C) squash
D) quinoa
Q3) In Mexico maquiladoras__________.
A) use workers who receive little or no job security and low wages
B) produce components to be exported and assembled in other countries
C) pay high local taxes
D) encourage workers' unions
Q4) Why did the genocide in of 1994 occur in Rwanda?
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