Anthropological Perspectives on Culture
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores the concept of culture through an anthropological lens, examining how human societies develop shared meanings, values, beliefs, and practices. Students will engage with key theories, ethnographic case studies, and contemporary debates to understand the diversity and complexity of cultural expressions across the globe. Topics include kinship, religion, language, identity, power dynamics, and cultural change, with a focus on how anthropologists conduct fieldwork and interpret cultural phenomena. By the end of the course, students will be able to critically analyze the role of culture in shaping individual and collective experiences within different societies.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 4th Canadian Edition by Barbara D. Miller
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15 Chapters
1776 Verified Questions
1776 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are general-level theories in cultural anthropology ideally based on?
A) intensive fieldwork done in a single society
B) the theories about culture formulated by the people who have been studied
C) worldwide interview surveys
D) ethnographic data from a sample of cultures across the world
Answer: D
Q2) Diamond Jenness was an early Canadian anthropologist who narrowly escaped death while doing research.In which part of Canada did this happen?
A) the outer banks of Newfoundland
B) the western shore of Lake Superior
C) the Arctic
D) the central plains of Alberta
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following would be of particular interest to a sociolinguist?
A) the way sentences are formed
B) the sounds and gestures made by nonhuman animals
C) the evolution of grammar
D) how slang words are used in everyday English
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Economic practices of Canadian Hutterites demonstrate that they do contribute positively to the larger Canadian society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Because societies are unique,each can be evaluated only according to its own standards and values.Which term refers to this point of view?
A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural relativism
C) pluralism
D) adaptation
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following problems would NOT be generated by extreme ethnocentrism?
A) reluctance to question the customs and beliefs of our own society
B) jealousy on the part of people who are not members of one's own society
C) prejudice and racism
D) ethnic conflict
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Beginnings of Human Culture
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Hadzabe are a fascinating example of modern hunter-gatherers,who are used as a source of inference as to how early humans may have lived.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Jane Goodall is a prominent primatologist.What does she study?
A) gorillas
B) orangutans
C) macaques
D) chimpanzees
Answer: D
Q3) Fossils found in Steinheim,Germany,and Swanscombe,England,are transitional between two forms of hominins.Which two forms?
A) Homo erectus and Homo sapiens
B) Australopithecus and Homo erectus
C) Australopithecus and Homo habilis
D) Homo habilis and Homo erectus
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Language and Communication
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the development of different languages from a single ancestral language?
A) linguistic nationalism
B) linguistic isolation
C) language convergence
D) linguistic divergence
Q2) The first people to study languages were European explorers,invaders,and missionaries collected facts about different languages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is kinesics best defined as?
A) the study of gendered communication
B) the description and analysis of body language
C) the objective investigation of sexual communication
D) the study of animal-human communication
Q4) Which of the following is another term for "Black English"?
A) African-American Vernacular English
B) Afro-chat
C) Afronics
D) Pidgin English
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ecosystem is composed of the physical environment and the organisms living in it.Which of the following is the most important aspect of adaptation for humans?
A) tools
B) culture
C) technology
D) subsistence economy
Q2) Mechanized agriculture has given humans unprecedented control over their food supply.Which statement best describes the current situation of the Canadian farmers that made this possible?
A) Rural Canada has been able to increase its agricultural output while maintaining its population as agricultural technologies have improved.
B) Rural Canada has lost farmers,been depopulated,and suffered from low commodity prices,rising expenses,increasing debt,and environmental contamination.
C) Rural Canada now has more product diversity,smaller farms,and more local produce.
D) Rural Canada has shifted from plant to animal production to stay competitive.
Q3) Critique the Western notion of "progress" from an anthropological viewpoint.
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Chapter 6: Economic Systems
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the role of First Nations groups as intermediaries in the fur trade in Canada.
Q2) The function of the Kula Ring is to trade food and clothing for profit.
A)True
B)False
Q3) With the growth of the federal deficit in recent years,to which group has the wealth of middle-income taxpayers in Canada increasingly been redistributed?
A) wealthy holders of government securities
B) low-income families and individuals
C) small business owners
D) low-income taxpayers
Q4) Chinese immigrants first came to Canada to work on the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Among the Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari Desert,band territory is defined by landmarks such as hills and stands of trees that mark boundaries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Sex and Marriage
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a relationship between spouses who are recognized by society as having a continuing right to sexual access to each other?
A) family
B) marriage
C) incest
D) sex
Q2) Anthropologists contend that diversification of sexual practices,subcultures,and identities is characteristic of human history.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Very few societies put controls or restrictions on sexual activity in adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An adult woman who is unmarried is almost unheard of in most non-Western societies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the relationship between polygyny and wealth.
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Chapter 8: Family and Household
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In North American children,self-awareness tends to lag behind children in other cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Foreign adoption has steadily grown in recent decades.Approximately how many children have been adopted into families in the United States since the early 1970s?
A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 500,000
Q3) What are some of the problems associated with the nuclear family?
A) Husbands and wives tend to rely too much on their parents.
B) Rules for making decisions are too strict for all members.
C) The elderly may not live near and cannot necessarily depend on children for care.
D) Differences in income leave some members on a "second tier."
Q4) The prevalence of nuclear families is declining in Canadian society.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Kinship and Descent
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central importance of kinship and social life has declined over time.What has declined along with It?
A) the number of kinship systems that can be documented
B) the importance and emphasis on kinship terminology studies in anthropology
C) people's interest in genealogy
D) people's access to genealogical information
Q2) Kindreds are frequently found in foraging societies and in industrial societies such as Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement about patrilineal descent systems is true?
A) They are not as common as matrilineal descent.
B) They give responsibility for training children to their mother or their mother's sister.
C) They are more likely than matrilineal descent systems to break up because of conflict.
D) They are largely patriarchal,thus placing women in subordinate positions.
Q4) How did kinship play a role in sorting out disputes over band membership of the Micmac of Maine?
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Chapter 10: Social Stratification and Groupings
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being strong and healthy can be interpreted as a symbolic indicator of social class.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are high levels of skilled workers immigrating to Canada,and our economy relies on such labour for its growth.What is the actual employment situation of skilled foreign workers?
A) Canada is easily able to replace its retired skilled workers with foreign workers.
B) There is full employment among skilled foreign workers.
C) Many skilled foreign workers in Canadian labour markets are unemployed.
D) Canadian-born skilled workers have been displaced from many workplaces by immigrant workers.
Q3) In the institutionalization of age,what is the basis for determining social status??
A) abilities
B) cultural factors
C) social maturity
D) chronology of birth order
Q4) Describe the motive,means,and opportunity for the destruction of Africville.
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12
Chapter 11: Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the Slavey,social control over the group was maintained by military groups commanded by warrior chiefs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the term for a group that involves separate bands and villages integrated by factors such as kinship and clans?
A) band
B) tribe
C) chiefdom
D) state
Q3) For how many years has Canada has played an active role in international peacekeeping?
A) 75
B) 50
C) 25
D) 10
Q4) The oldest form of political organization is the state.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How can we define "law" cross-culturally,without ethnocentrism?
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Chapter 12: Religion and the Supernatural
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Iroquois origin myth and other aspects of Iroquois religion provide an accurate model of Iroquois community.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Wiccans worship Satan and nature in all its forms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements about revitalization movements is NOT correct?
A) The purpose of revitalization movements is to reform society.
B) Revitalization movements rarely fail because they align people's expectations.
C) All known major religions,including Judaism,Christianity,and Islam,began as revitalization movements.
D) Revitalization movements may be completely unrealistic.
Q4) About how many Muslims live in Canada?
A) 100,000
B) 200,000
C) 500,000
D) 1 million
Q5) Define neo-paganism and describe and compare three neo-pagan religions.
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Chapter 13: The Arts
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With variations in detail,tales such as "numbskull" stories have the same basic structure.What is the term for this?
A) format
B) thread
C) motif
D) syntax
Q2) Which term refers to the study of music in its cultural setting?
A) dramatics
B) narrativity
C) ethnomusicology
D) folklore
Q3) Discuss why it is important to protect the cultural heritages of tribal peoples.Why is it of concern to anthropologists?
Q4) In Western culture,how do we generally regard art?
A) as something frivolous,fun,incidental,for our personal pleasure and enjoyment
B) as something symbolically profound,serious and central to our group identities
C) as something that symbolizes the religious and historical essence of a people
D) as something that represents reality in such a way that everyone can agree on
Q5) Discuss the issues surrounding funding for and censorship of the arts in Canada.
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Chapter 14: Anthropology at Work
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Dynamic Anthropology article,"Development Anthropology and Dams," explores the impact of dams on people and their environments.How many people did the Three Gorges dam displaced in rural China?
A) 500,000 people
B) 800,000 people
C) 1.4 million people
D) 2.1 million people
Q2) What organizations are most likely to hire an applied anthropologist with a background in cultural ecology to advise them on cultural interactions involving humans,resource use,and land management?
A) the Department of National Defence or Environment Canada
B) the Fraser Institute or the RAND Corporation
C) the Department of Natural Resources or First Nation band councils
D) a provincial or federal political party
Q3) Applied anthropology has been used to help design megaprojects such as large hydroelectric dams in such a way that they do not harm local agriculture.
A)True
B)False
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16
Chapter 15: Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "replacement reproduction" means that people produce only enough offspring to replace themselves when they die.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to your text,which of the following are involved in primary innovations?
A) predictable and determined discoveries
B) original discoveries,which are then manufactured differently by various groups
C) chance or accidental discoveries
D) discoveries made by only one person
Q3) What do cross-cutting mechanisms,such as political parties,legal codes,trade unions,and common interest associations,serve to develop?
A) a fear of change among uneducated people
B) civil society
C) conformist behaviour
D) cultural dualism
Q4) What has the impact of multinational corporations been on women and on the division of labour?
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