Anthropological Perspectives
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Anthropological Perspectives provides students with a comprehensive introduction to the core concepts, theories, and methods of anthropology as a discipline. The course explores human societies and cultures from a holistic viewpoint, examining the diverse ways people adapt, interact, and make meaning in their worlds. Students analyze key anthropological themes such as kinship, religion, economics, power structures, and language, while also considering issues of globalization, identity, and social change. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking skills and cross-cultural awareness through the study of ethnographic case studies and contemporary global issues.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 4th Canadian Edition by Barbara D. Miller
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15 Chapters
1776 Verified Questions
1776 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Richard Lee is a well-known Canadian anthropologist who has studied foragers or hunter-gatherers extensively.What is the subject of his recent research,which is discussed in the textbook?
A) determining which animal species are most often hunted successfully
B) observing how the health,diet,and diseases of foragers have changed over time C) learning how outsiders have adapted to the AIDS epidemic and their culture in recent years
D) discovering how foragers have altered their migration patterns in recent years
Answer: B
Q2) The first anthropologists in North America worked in the late 19th Century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Anthropological methodology based on immersion in a culture is now used as a research model in psychology,education,and geography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which characteristic of Hutterites is an example of a subcultural variation?
A) They dress distinctively,hold common beliefs,and live in self-sufficient,closed communities.
B) They do not share the Canadian values of thrift,hard work,independence,and close family ties.
C) They do not pay taxes and own little communal property.
D) They are totally removed from all social,economic,and educational aspects of Canadian society.
Answer: A
Q2) Why were the Acadians of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia expelled by the British government?
A) They refused to pay taxes.
B) They refused to sign an oath of allegiance to the Crown.
C) They refused to return to France.
D) They refused to cede their land to the British colonists.
Answer: B
Q3) Polygyny is defined as the marriage of one man to more than one woman.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Beginnings of Human Culture
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What conclusion can be drawn from the Homo fossils found in the Republic of Georgia?
A) Populations of the genus Homo did not evolve anywhere in Africa until the late Paleolithic era.
B) Brain size did not expand beyond that of Australopithecus until early humans migrated out of Africa.
C) Homo georgicus was capable of living in a very cold climate thus indicating fire making.
D) Homo georgicus probably had developed language.
Answer: C
Q2) Acheulian flakes and hand axes were efficient tools for butchering meat.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following activities have chimpanzees have been known to do?
A) draw on stone
B) make clay representations of other animals
C) use tools to solve new problems
D) spear rivals in conflicts
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Language and Communication
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately how many different languages are used in the world today?
A) 100,000
B) 6,000
C) 1,000
D) 100
Q2) Syntax refers to the rules for making phrases and sentences in a language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Human arrangement and use of space is culturally defined.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the consequences of efforts either to suppress or to preserve and encourage Canadian Aboriginal languages.
Q5) What are the parts of speech or categories of words that work the same way in any sentence called?
A) morphemes
B) frame classes
C) nominatives
D) lexicons
Q6) Explain and critique the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Mbuti pygmies of the Ituri forest have a trade relationship with Bantu neighbours. What sort of exchange takes place?
A) They trade vegetables for meats.
B) They trade forest products for farm products and manufactured goods.
C) They trade their forest hunting weapons for dairy products.
D) They trade garden produce for dairy products.
Q2) An anthropologist would not use the terms "backward" and "advanced" to describe any human societies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why are modern foragers only found in the most marginal environments today?
A) They gradually overpopulated better environments until those environments collapsed.
B) They have gradually been displaced from better environments by other humans with other subsistence strategies.
C) Foraging lifestyle can only be maintained in a marginal environment.
D) The United Nations relocated them to preserve their cultures.
Q4) Critique the Western notion of "progress" from an anthropological viewpoint.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Economic Systems
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Navaho gives ten of his sheep that he knows are infected with disease to a Hopi in exchange for a jeep.What is this an example of?
A) reciprocal distribution
B) balanced reciprocity
C) negative reciprocity
D) silent trade
Q2) There is a potential job market for anthropologists in the market research and design area.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was the purpose of revenge potlatches among First Nations peoples on the B.C.coast?
A) They were a way to relieve social and economic pressures created by Europeans.
B) They were solely to entertain European visitors.
C) They were a time to make deals with European colonists who wanted their land.
D) They had no purpose and reduced entire communities to poverty.
Q4) How can anthropology contribute to the study and practice of international business?
Q5) Distinguish between market exchange and the marketplace.
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Chapter 7: Sex and Marriage
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When is sororal polygyny said to have occurred?
A) when a man marries his sister
B) when sisters become co-wives to brothers
C) when a woman marries her deceased sister's husband
D) when the co-wives of a man are sisters
Q2) Which of the following statements about the purpose of the levirate and the sororate is true?
A) They are symbolic forms of brother-sister marriage intended to keep family property from being dispersed upon inheritance.
B) They give non-kin a valid kinship status..
C) They allow children of a widow or widower to gain a fictive kinship identity status.
D) They function to maintain the existing kinship relationships between the family of the bride and the family of the groom.
Q3) Which kin term applies to a group of people related by marriage?
A) nepotic
B) consanguineal
C) cogitative
D) affinal
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9
Chapter 8: Family and Household
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Account for the existence of female-headed families in both Canada and the Caribbean region,and describe characteristics of these families.
Q2) Which kind of family is composed of people related to one another conjugally and by blood who bring their spouses to live in the family?
A) extended
B) polygamous
C) consanguineal
D) communal
Q3) The Motherhood Mandate recognizes the endless labour required by mothers and acknowledges that the responsibility for raising well-adjusted children lies with both parents and with community.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Tension among the multiple spouses of a polygamous individual is rare.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Canada,the most prevalent same-sex families are lesbian stepfamilies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Kinship and Descent
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about ambilineal descent groups is true?
A) They are doubly unilineal.
B) They are likely to generate rivalry and divided loyalties among kin.
C) They enable individuals to affiliate with either the mother's or the father's descent group.
D) They allow older children to choose which uncles will teach them.
Q2) Suppose that membership in a group is determined not by descent from a common ancestor,but by the fact that individuals are closely related to one living relative (ego).What is the term for such a group?
A) clan
B) lineage
C) moiety
D) kindred
Q3) What label is most consistent with the type of research done by Harald Prins on the Aroostook Band?
A) physical anthropology
B) medical anthropology
C) applied anthropology
D) salvage anthropology
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Social Stratification and Groupings
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the institutionalization of age,what is the basis for determining social status??
A) abilities
B) cultural factors
C) social maturity
D) chronology of birth order
Q2) What is the rise of stratified societies associated with?
A) the rise of the state and occupational specialization
B) the emergence of mechanized agriculture
C) the rise of globalization
D) the weakening of organized religion
Q3) What is the term for an organized category of people based on age?
A) an age class
B) an age set
C) an age grade
D) a life passage
Q4) List three of the reasons that Franz Boas rejected the validity of the concept of "race" in the 1920s,explain how the term "race" is commonly used today,and discuss how contemporary anthropologists regard the concept.
Q5) Describe the motive,means,and opportunity for the destruction of Africville.
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Chapter 11: Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define structural violence,account for its existence in centralized political systems,and discuss its consequences for the powerless and the elite.
Q2) Among the Slavey,band members settled their own disputes for most serious offenses.What would happen to a guilty offender?
A) They might take the dispute to a tribunal of bands.
B) They might be banished from the band.
C) They may have to perform work duties.
D) They would have to pay compensation.
Q3) Identify the distinguishing features of chiefdoms and states,focusing on major differences between these two types of political systems.
Q4) Traditionally,leaders among the Slavey of northern Canada were chosen from the most successful hunters.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All culture groups have political organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How can we define "law" cross-culturally,without ethnocentrism?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Religion and the Supernatural
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one of the functions of Iroquois moieties?
A) to explain the distinction between life and death
B) to provide a way of keeping hostile parties apart
C) to reaffirm the balance and reciprocity between men and women
D) to provide a method for two warring groups to separate permanently
Q2) Plastic surgeons classify small breasts on women as a disease that should be remedied for the patient's well-being.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The 19th-century prediction that religion would decline and ultimately disappear as science became more prominent has been shown to be correct.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How do plastic surgeons see themselves in their role of reconstructing female breasts?
A) as skilled surgeons working to minimize tissue damage
B) as production-line hacks churning out breast implants
C) as misguided surgeons who could put his talents to better purposes
D) as psychological healers and artists working to relieve women's suffering
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Chapter 13: The Arts
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among Nuba males,black and yellow body paint is reserved only for tribe leaders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is true of the Truk fishers?
A) They risk their lives at sea to prove their manhood.
B) They are known for their rhythmic sea shanties.
C) They compose extensive oral narratives of their adventures.
D) They are legendary figures who may have lived hundreds of years ago.
Q3) What was one of the favourite subjects of Canadian artist Emily Carr?
A) portraits of other artists
B) the shoreline of Lake Superior
C) totem poles in British Columbia
D) portraits of common people
Q4) Art and religion are often intertwined,sometimes identical.Give some examples of how spiritual and artistic enterprises are related and discuss the issues involved in understanding and explaining them.
Q5) Discuss the issues surrounding funding for and censorship of the arts in Canada.
Q6) Discuss why it is important to protect the cultural heritages of tribal peoples.Why is it of concern to anthropologists?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Anthropology at Work
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forensic anthropologists often work on historic human remains found in an archaeological context as well as more recent crime scenes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a future world of ongoing poverty,disasters,development,and globalization,we can expect applied anthropology to continue to grow as well.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The field of museology,or museum curation,has a completely separate and distinct history that comes out of art history and does not involve applied anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss some of the reasons that applied anthropology in Canada has focused extensively on issues pertaining to indigenous people,multiculturalism,and immigration.
Q5) Discuss how applied anthropology came to be associated with environmental justice,using the case of the Love Canal toxic dump and Canadian environmental issues as examples to illustrate your points.
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Chapter 15: Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of the term "genocide" has become more widespread.During the Columbian quincentenary in 1992,it was often used by both popular and academic writers to refer to the impact of Europeans on the Native peoples of the New World.Compare that encounter with other events to which the term "genocide" is applied (e.g. ,the Holocaust during World War II)? Does the conscious intention to eradicate a population always justify the use of the term "genocide"?
Q2) About three-quarters of the world's population live in poverty and one-quarter in relative affluence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What do all large states,past and present,have in common?
A) a monotheistic religion
B) a tendency to crush neighbouring states
C) a tendency to break apart into smaller independent states
D) oppressive,militaristic governments
Q4) Much remains to be done to secure the survival of indigenous peoples in all parts of the world.
A)True
B)False
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