Animal Biology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Animal Biology explores the diversity, structure, function, evolution, and classification of animals, ranging from simple invertebrates to complex vertebrates. The course examines key biological processes such as reproduction, development, physiology, and ecology, emphasizing how animals interact with their environments and each other. Through lectures, laboratory work, and field studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of animal anatomy, adaptations, behavior, and the major evolutionary trends that have shaped the animal kingdom.
Recommended Textbook
Zoology 10th Edition by Stephen A Miller Dr
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Chapter 1: Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of birds is known as A)ornithology. B)herpetology. C)mammalogy. D)ichthyology.
E)entomology.
Answer: A
Q2) The study of amphibians and reptiles is known as A)ornithology. B)protozoology. C)entomology. D)mammalogy. E)herpetology.
Answer: E
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major function of the cell nucleus is
A)storing proteins.
B)storing genetic information.
C)packaging materials for secretion.
D)packaging ATP for cellular use.
E)serving as a site for protein synthesis.
Answer: B
Q2) Cells placed in this type of solution will shrivel.
A)isotonic
B)water
C)hypertonic
D)hypotonic
E)metatonic
Answer: C
Q3) The basic function of neurons is to conduct a nerve impulse.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Cell Division and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Occasionally,a cell will have more or less than the diploid number of chromosomes,called
A)homoploidy.
B)monoploidy.
C)polyploidy.
D)aneuploidy.
E)holoploidy.
Answer: D
Q2) The study of the structure and function of DNA and RNA is called A)molecular zoology.
B)autosomal genetics.
C)molecular genetics.
D)physiological genetics.
E)molecular physiology.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Evolution: History and Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) An adaptation
A)only occurs as a result of need.
B)is not a heritable change.
C)may be behavioral, physiological, or morphological.
D)is never perpetuated by natural selection.
E)will lead to enhanced reproductive success in any given environment.
Q2) Darwin observed __________ in the Galápagos Islands; today they are used as a classic example to illustrate great adaptive radiation.
A)finches
B)beetles
C)barnacles
D)fossils
E)tortoises
Q3) The theory of uniformitarianism was based on the idea that the forces that shaped the earth included
A)special creation.
B)gravitational forces.
C)catastrophic events.
D)geologic uplift.
E)planetary interactions.
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Chapter 5: Evolution and Gene Frequencies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin are thought to have arisen from a common ancestral molecule due to __________ and subsequent modification.
A)gene duplication
B)multiple replication of DNA
C)crossing over
D)aneuploidy
E)multiple transcription of mRNA
Q2) An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a: A)horseshoe crab.
B)dendrobatid Darwin's finch.
C)peppered moth.
D)modern horse.
Q3) In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution,long periods of stasis are characterized by __________ selection.
A)directional
B)disruptive
C)deleterious
D)stabilizing
E)neutral
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a survivorship curve,the Y-axis records
A)numbers of survivors.
B)inherent mortality.
C)population growth.
D)life-style.
E)proportion of survivors.
Q2) The constraint placed on a population by various environmental factors is known as
A)environmental resistance.
B)reverse growth.
C)population enhancement.
D)interspecific competition.
E)niche selection.
Q3) Matter moves through ecosystems in
A)biogeochemical cycles.
B)living systems only.
C)flows that eventually end in a sump.
D)sediments.
E)streams.
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8
Chapter 7: Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "belly" (usually lower)surface of most bilaterally symmetrical animals is
A)anterior.
B)posterior.
C)ventral.
D)dorsal.
E)lateral.
Q2) Radially symmetrical organisms typically lack a head; the points of reference used are:
A)oral and aboral.
B)dorsal and ventral.
C)anterior and posterior.
D)proximal and distal.
E)top and bottom.
Q3) In diploblastic organisms,the two tissue layers are
A)mesoderm and endoderm.
B)mesoderm and mesoglea.
C)ectoderm and mesoderm.
D)mesoglea and blastoderm.
E)ectoderm and endoderm.
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Chapter 8: Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following explains why precise evolutionary relationships are difficult to determine for the protozoa?
A)The fossil record is sparse.
B)What fossils do exist, are not helpful.
C)There is no ribosomal sequence comparisons available.
D)Both A and B
Q2) Of the protozoans listed below,which one is capable of photosynthesis?
A)Giardia
B)Toxoplasma
C)Euglena
D)Trypanosoma
E)Plasmodium
Q3) Members of the genus Amoeba ingest food by A)absorption.
B)active transport.
C)phagocytosis.
D)exocytosis.
E)facilitated diffusion.
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Chapter 9: Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unique adhesive cells of ctenophores are A)statoblasts.
B)cnidoblasts. C)colloblasts.
D)pleuroblasts. E)statoliths.
Q2) The free swimming larva of cnidarians is the A)planula. B)pilidium.
C)trochophore.
D)bipinnaria.
E)veliger.
Q3) The most complex sponge body form,the __________,is characterized by multiple oscula and a complex canal system where choanocytes reside in small chambers.
A)leucon
B)ascon
C)sycon
D)polyp
E)medusa
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Chapter 10: The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rotifers derive their name from a characteristic ciliated structure called the __________ located on the head.
A)mastax
B)corolla
C)gastrotrich
D)corona
E)proboscis
Q2) In the class Trematoda,the phenomena of producing many cercariae is known as A)polylarvany.
B)multiple host syndrome.
C)polyembryony.
D)multiple embryony.
E)intermediate host reproduction.
Q3) The helmet-shaped,ciliated larva of nemerteans is the A)onchosphere.
B)Muller.
C)pilidium.
D)miracidium.
E)cercaria.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Molluscan Success
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solenogasters are cylindrical molluscs that lack a shell; they are carnivores and A)monoecious.
B)herbivores.
C)dioecious.
D)reproduce asexually.
Q2) The modified veliger of some freshwater bivalves is called the A)glochidium.
B)trochophore.
C)pilidium.
D)dipleura.
E)cercoid.
Q3) The similarity of design between the eyes of vertebrates and the eyes of many cephalopods provides an excellent example of A)divergent evolution.
B)convergent evolution.
C)perpendicular phylogeny.
D)adaptive radiation.
E)cladistic phylogeny.
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13
Chapter 12: Annelida: the Metameric Body Form
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earthworms (and their relatives)and leeches are united into a clade called A)Hiruchaeta.
B)Chaetognatha.
C)Polychaeta.
D)Oligodinea.
E)Clitellata.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the phylum Annelida?
A)body with metameric segments
B)chitinous exoskeleton
C)closed circulatory system
D)ventral ganglionated nerve cords
E)excretion by metanephridia or protonephridia
Q3) The superficial external rings on a leech are called: A)proglottids.
B)tagmata.
C)metameres.
D)annuli.
E)strobilia.
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14
Chapter 13: The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla
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Sample Questions
Q1) Members of the phylum Nematomorpha are commonly called A)pinworms.
B)hookworms.
C)horsehair worms.
D)heartworms.
E)spiny-headed worms.
Q2) The pinworm,Enterobius vermicularis,is the most common nematode parasite in developed countries because the life cycle of this parasite is relatively easy to complete and reinfection and transmission between hosts readily occurs.All of the following,EXCEPT ONE,are attributes of the life cycle that help this parasite thrive.
A)There is no intermediate host.
B)Eggs are very small and easily contaminate bed clothes and linens.
C)Eggs are ingested after sewage contaminates drinking water.
D)Gravid females deposit eggs in the perianal area at night creating an itching sensation.
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15
Chapter 14: The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following phyla of animals are not ecdysozoan?
A)Arthropoda
B)Nematoda
C)Gastrotricha
D)Nematomorpha
E)Kinorhyncha
Q2) A genus of scorpions known to have caused human deaths is A)Xiphosura.
B)Opiliones.
C)Loxosceles.
D)Centuroides.
E)Limulus.
Q3) Horseshoe crabs belong to the arthropod subphylum
A)Chelicerata.
B)Arachnida.
C)Uniramia.
D)Crustacea.
E)Mandibulata.
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16
Chapter 15: The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insects in this order are characterized by having a single pair of wings on their mesothorax.
A)Coleoptera
B)Lepidoptera
C)Hymenoptera
D)Diptera
E)Odonata
Q2) Which of the following help explain the rapid diversification of the insects in terrestrial habitats? Check all that apply.
A) The Devonian Period 400 million years ago corresponds to the diversification of flowering plants.
B) Uplift along the continental margins created shallow estuarine habitats favored by early insects.
C) Evolutionary modifications of the exoskeleton for flight promoted insect dispersal into new unoccupied terrestrial habitats.
D) The evolution of jointed appendages in insects promoted terrestrial locomotion.
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Chapter 16: Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of animals in the phylum Hemichordata?
A)closed circulatory system
B)incomplete digestive tract
C)ciliated pharyngeal slits
D)indeterminate cleavage
E)blastopore develops into the mouth
Q2) Echinoderms and hemichordates are more closely related to mammals than to crabs and shrimp.Indicate below if this statement is True or False,followed by the correct reasoning for that answer.Check all of the answer choices that apply.
A) True.Echinoderms,hemichordates,and mammals are all deuterostomes.
B)False.Crabs,shrimp,echinoderms and hemichordates are all invertebrates and chordates are vertebrates.
C)True.Echinoderms,hemichordates,and mammals all share developmental characteristics including determinant cleavage and a mouth that forms in the region of the blastopore.
D) True.This relationship is supported by molecular evidence.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following animals is not in the phylum Chordata?
A)sea squirts
B)salps
C)acorn worms
D)hagfish
E)lampreys
Q2) The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins,various salts,and
A)glycoprotein.
B)sclerotin.
C)glycogen.
D)cellulose.
E)chitin.
Q3) Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the substrate.
A)canaliculi
B)interstyles
C)joints
D)rhizomes
E)stolons
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Chapter 18: The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major nitrogenous waste of bony fishes is A)ammonia.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)guanine.
E)creatine.
Q2) Osmoregulation is a major function of kidneys and __________ in fishes.
A)skin
B)rectal glands
C)hepatic cecae
D)gills
E)fins
Q3) The vast majority of fish are
A)viviparous.
B)ovoviviparous.
C)oviparous.
D)brooders.
E)monoecious.
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20
Chapter 19: Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ act to amplify the calls of frogs that are produced by the vocal cords.
A)Pulmonary diverticulae
B)Vocal sacs
C)Amphibian tongues
D)Spiral valves
E)Vocal valves
Q2) The retention of juvenile traits throughout the life of the organism is known as A)amplexus.
B)paedomorphosis.
C)neoteny.
D)parthenogeny.
E)tympanum.
Q3) Members of the salamander family Salamandridae are commonly called A)caecilians.
B)newts.
C)anurans.
D)neotenes.
E)whiptails.
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21
Chapter 20: Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes
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Q1) The evolution of the synapsid amniote lineage resulted in modifications of the jaws and teeth,the incorporation of 2 more bones into the middle ear (in addition to the stapes),and elongation of legs to hold the body higher off the ground.This lineage includes modern-day _________.
A)mammals
B)snakes
C)lizards
D)birds
E)turtles
Q2) Which of the following groups of animals is NOT in the archosaur lineage?
A)birds
B)dinosaurs
C)lizards
D)crocodiles
E)alligators
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Chapter 21: Birds: Reptiles by Another Name
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Q1) When birds fly,increased muscular activity produces large amounts of heat.Excess heat can be dissipated by
A)countercurrent exchange.
B)panting.
C)shivering.
D)sweating.
E)convection through the feathers.
Q2) The brain of a bird has a region called the __________,that regulates heart and respiratory rates.
A)optic tectum
B)cerebral cortex
C)medulla oblongata
D)pineal body
E)antebellum
Q3) Birds,dinosaurs,and crocodilians are all
A)pterodactyls.
B)saurentians.
C)pterosaurs.
D)archosaurs.
E)plesiodactyls.
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Chapter 22: Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The marsupial mammals belong to infraclass
A)Prototheria.
B)Eutheria.
C)Metatheria.
D)Theria.
E)Mesotheria.
Q2) In the rodents,the teeth known as __________ grow throughout life and have enamel only on their front surfaces.
A)fangs
B)canines
C)tusks
D)incisors
E)molars
Q3) The __________ are the "pouched" mammals.
A)monotremes
B)marsupials
C)ungulates
D)true placental mammals
E)edentates
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Protection, support, and Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term refers to a specialized organelle within a muscle fiber?
A)actin
B)myofibril
C)myosin
D)troponin
E)tropomyosin
Q2) The tetrapod skeleton is modified for support
A)on land.
B)in fresh water.
C)in salt water.
D)in deserts.
E)in mud.
Q3) The outer covering of an animal,the __________,functions primarily to protect against mechanical and chemical injury and invasion by microorganisms.
A)integument
B)skeleton
C)musculature
D)vascular system
E)dermis
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called A)nuclei.
B)neuroglia.
C)nucleoli.
D)neurolemmocytes.
E)ganglia.
Q2) Sensory nerves
A)directly control a muscle group.
B)carry an impulse from the CNS to a sense organ.
C)carry a nerve impulse from a sense organ to the CNS.
D)carry a nerve impulse to a muscle.
E)carry a nerve impulse both to and from a sense organ.
Q3) In invertebrates,the statocyst is the most common form of A)georeceptor.
B)hygroreceptor.
C)sonoreceptor.
D)photoreceptor.
E)electroreceptor.
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Chapter 25: Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers
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Q1) One of the hormones stored,and then released by the neurohypophysis is A)thyroxine.
B)ACTH.
C)diuretic.
D)MSH.
E)oxytocin.
Q2) Endocrine glands produce substances called A)hormones. B)pheromones. C)neurotransmitters.
D)lumones.
E)histamines.
Q3) The bursa of Fabricius is an endocrine structure found only in A)mammals. B)amphibians. C)birds.
D)protozoans. E)sponges
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Chapter 26: Circulation and Gas Exchange
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Sample Questions
Q1) The plasma protein that is necessary for blood clotting is
A)gamma globulin.
B)fibrinogen.
C)heparin.
D)albumin.
E)histamine.
Q2) The nature of a circulatory system directly relates to the size,complexity,and lifestyle of the animal in question
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ dilates and causes blood vessels to leak fluid at the site of an inflammation.
A)Heparin
B)Histamine
C)Fibrinogen
D)Gamma globulin
E)Amphetamine
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28
Chapter 27: Nutrition and Digestion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earthworm is an example of a(n)
A)suspension feeder.
B)deposit feeder.
C)herbivore.
D)motile stalker.
E)grazing carnivore.
Q2) Lipid aggregates with a surface coat of bile salts are called A)chylomicrons.
B)bilirubins.
C)mucins.
D)cholesterol.
E)micelles.
Q3) Some of the gastric glands in the stomach lining contain __________ cells that secrete a solution containing HCI.
A)chief
B)mucous
C)alpha
D)beta
E)parietal
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Page 29
Chapter 28: Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation
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Q1) What is the major nitrogenous waste in desert mammals?
A)ammonia
B)uric acid
C)alkaloid
D)urea
E)nitrate
Q2) The generation of heat by shivering is called
A)muscular metabolism.
B)thyroxine heating.
C)ATP heat generation.
D)shivering thermogenesis.
E)heterochromic thermogenesis.
Q3) Freshwater fish pass a urine with a concentration that is ________________ relative to their blood.
A)hypoosmotic
B)isoosmotic
C)hyperosmotic
D)osmolyte
E)mesosmotic
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Page 30
Chapter 29: Reproduction and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hormones produced by human males include all of the following EXCEPT A)testosterone.
B)LH (also known as ICSH).
C)GnRH.
D)FSH.
E)Prolactin.
Q2) The primary site of the exchange of nutrients,gases,and waste between the pregnant female mammal and the fetus is the A)blood islands.
B)umbilical cord.
C)yolk sac.
D)placenta.
E)amnion.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an asexual reproduction method?
A)fission
B)spawning
C)budding
D)parthenogenesis
E)fragmentation
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Page 31