Ancient Western Civilization Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Ancient Western Civilization explores the foundational cultures of the Mediterranean world, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, from prehistoric times through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The course examines the political structures, social and economic systems, religious developments, philosophical thought, artistic achievements, and interactions among ancient societies. Students gain insight into the lasting legacy of these civilizations on Western thought, institutions, and culture, while analyzing key events, figures, and texts that have shaped the foundations of the modern Western world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization 10th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Sumerian government
A)came to view kings as agents of their gods.
B)saw the various city-states erect different types of governments.
C)was a theocracy in which the priest ruled.
D)was a type of aristocracy where nobles were appointed by an assembly.
E)was controlled by the merchant and artisan class.
Answer: A
Q2) The early Neolithic era saw
A)a slow transition from hunting and gathering to an agricultural society.
B)the appearance of cities and urban life.
C)the domestication of the horse in ancient Egypt.
D)the smelting of iron.
E)All of these are correct.
Answer: A
Q3) Like the peoples of Mesopotamia, the Egyptians had a very negative attitude toward daily life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires
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Q1) The Assyrians are important in history for their innovations in A)empire building.
B)urban architecture.
C)trade and commerce.
D)fine art and literature.
E)religion.
Answer: A
Q2) Darius accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
A)building a canal that linked the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.
B)conquering Egypt.
C)creating a Persian province in western India.
D)conquering Thrace.
E)building a new Persian capital at Persepolis.
Answer: B
Q3) Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt the city of Nineveh, making it the Persian capital, and there he erected the Ishtar Gate, which opened on to the Triumphal Way.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Civilization of the Greeks
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Q1) The Greek philosopher who proposed the concept of a higher world of eternal and unchanging Ideal Forms was Aristotle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) "The unexamined life is not worth living" is a cornerstone of the philosophy of
A)Zeno.
B)Socrates.
C)Aristotle.
D)Plato.
E)Pythagoras.
Answer: B
Q3) Spartan helots
A)were conscripted to fight in the city's phalanx.
B)were captives of war.
C)declared war on the perioikoi every year.
D)had achieved the right to hold land themselves by the sixth century B.C.E.
E)comprised the elite class of Spartan society.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World
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Q1) Which of the following statements concerning the emergence of the Macedonians is CORRECT?
A)The early Macedonians were greatly admired by the Greeks for their cultural achievements.
B)The Macedonians were probably not Greek.
C)The Macedonians organized themselves in city-states like their southern Greek neighbors.
D)The Greeks prohibited them from participating in the Olympic Games.
E)Macedonia emerged as an important kingdom during the Greek Archaic Age.
Q2) Which of the following statements is UNTRUE concerning Hellenistic culture?
A)It was a great period of literature, especially in drama, history, and biography.
B)It was a period that saw the need to preserve the writings of the classical Greeks.
C)Sculptors and architects could very easily find work in the new Hellenistic cities.
D)Artists remained social outcasts, and were rarely patronized by the rich.
E)Hellenist sculpture was often more realistic and emotional than classical Greek sculpture.
Q3) Did women's lives improve during the Hellenistic Era? Why or why not?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Roman Republic
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Q1) The Roman Senate
A)was the chief legislative body of the Republic.
B)could only advise the magistrates in legal matters.
C)was the most important popular assembly.
D)saw its power wane by the third century B.C.E.
E)was the only body with total military authority.
Q2) In Roman household cults, Janus was
A)the spirit of the doorway.
B)the goddess of the harvest.
C)the spirit of the storehouse.
D)the spirit of mischief.
E)the goddess of childbirth.
Q3) The Roman Dictator
A)was the spokesman for the plebeian order.
B)exercised unlimited power for a period of usually two years.
C)was responsible for getting Rome involved in the Punic Wars.
D)was a temporary executive during the period of the Republic.
E)All of these are correct.
Q4) What social and economic problems plagued the late Roman Republic and led to its decline?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Roman Empire
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Q1) When Augustus died, who chose his successor?
A)the army
B)the Senate
C)Augustus himself
D)the Praetorian Guard
E)the citizens of Rome through a vote
Q2) The historian Edward Gibbon claimed that the Roman Empire in second century
C.E.was a true Golden Age.What evidence could give credence to Gibbon's argument, and what evidence could be given to refute it?
Q3) Trade and commerce in the Early Empire
A)hindered the development of manufacturing.
B)was focused mainly in the provinces of Gaul and Britain.
C)was secondary in importance to agriculture.
D)was unaffected by the building of roads.
E)never was as fully developed as it was during the republican period.
Q4) Christianity spread very slowly and remained a minority religion in the Roman Empire by the end of the first century C.E.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World
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Q1) Muslim societies abide by a strict code of law, much of it derived from the holy book Qur'an and regulating all aspects of Muslim life.This law code is called A)the Shari'a.
B)jihad.
C)the hajj.
D)Ramadan.
E)the caliphate.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a similarity between Christianity and Islam?
A)Each of the faiths had a holy book.
B)Both Muhammad and Jesus considered themselves to be divine.
C)Both religions were monotheistic.
D)Both religions had as part of their scriptures divine revelation.
E)Both religions envisioned heaven or paradise for believers.
Q3) The author of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People was the monk known as the Venerable Bede.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In what ways were the teachings of Islam similar to Christianity? How were they different?
Page 9
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Chapter
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Q1) In the Middle Ages, monastic hospitality to travelers was
A)forbidden because monks were to be secluded from any contact with the outside world.
B)offered occasionally, but only with royal permission.
C)offered occasionally, but only with the permission of the abbot.
D)offered to men but not to women, as the latter were potentially too sexually threatening to the celibate monks.
E)a sacred duty.
Q2) To what extent did the Catholic Church alter Germanic practices in regard to family, sexuality, and children?
Q3) The Carolingian monks
A)were known for the production of scriptoria, a type of paper.
B)preserved the works of Classical Latin authors through their copying of manuscripts.
C)were best known for their hospitality to travelers.
D)rejected education in favor of a life of contemplation and prayer.
E)fought in the armies of Charlemagne and his successors.
Q4) In what ways is Byzantine civilization during the ninth and tenth centuries worthy of the title "zenith of Byzantine civilization"?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Recovery and Growth of European Society
in the High Middle Ages
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Q1) The Gothic style of architecture emerged and was perfected in A)England.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Spain.
D)Sweden.
E)France.
Q2) The main part of the medieval castle was called the A)motte.
B)bailey.
C)moat.
D)tower.
E)keep.
Q3) One consequence of the new agriculture of the Early Middle Ages was A)the destruction of the forests.
B)the contamination of the water supply.
C)increased dependence of serfs on their lords.
D)increased famine.
E)polluted water systems.
Q4) What were some of the reasons for the revival of Classical antiquity in the High Middle Ages?
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Chapter 10: The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power
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Q1) The descendants of Alexander Nevsky became princes of Moscow and eventually leaders of all Russia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Islamic world in the mid-eleventh century was largely unified and dominated by the
A)Fatimids.
B)Ottomans.
C)Berbers.
D)Abbasids.
E)Seljuks.
Q3) Within Europe, the most popular sites for Christian pilgrims were Rome and Paris.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For much of the thirteenth century, France was dominated by Louis IX, a deeply religious king who was later canonized and made a saint by the Catholic Church.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in
the Fourteenth Century
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Q1) The Black Death resulted in a decline of the European population by A)10 percent.
B)between 15 and 25 percent.
C)between 25 and 50 percent.
D)between 50 and 75 percent.
E)80 percent.
Q2) Economically, the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century
A)devastated peasants but not nobles.
B)brought an economic boom to landlords.
C)caused only minor changes in agricultural practices.
D)raised wages because of a scarcity of labor.
E)had little impact.
Q3) Joan of Arc saved France by inspiring the French soldiers to break the English siege of
A)Bordeaux.
B)Amiens.
C)Orléans.
D)Paris.
E)Geneva.
13
Q4) What were the greatest short-term and long-term consequences of the Black Death?
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Chapter 12: Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance
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Q1) In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of the rulers of
A)France and England.
B)England and Spain.
C)the Ottoman Empire and Spain.
D)Spain and Germany.
E)Spain and France.
Q2) Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was
A)Battista Sforza.
B)Isabella d'Este.
C)Christina of Milan.
D)Catherine de Medici.
E)Christine de Pizan.
Q3) Which of the following was NOT one of the five major powers that dominated the fifteenth-century Italian peninsula?
A)Florence.
B)the Papal States.
C)Milan.
D)Mantua.
E)Naples.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) Which of the following was a means by which Luther's ideas were spread?
A)His translation of the New Testament into German.
B)Pamphlets illustrated with woodcuts.
C)Sermons.
D)Hymn lyrics that taught the Gospel.
E)All of these are correct.
Q2) Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the sixteenth century was achieved by
A)France.
B)the Holy Roman Empire.
C)England.
D)the Ottoman Empire.
E)the Netherlands.
Q3) The Edict of Worms
A)contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B)expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C)called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recant his "heresies."
D)made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E)led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.
Page 15
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1500-1800
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Q1) What correlation is there between overseas expansion and economic, social, and political development in Europe?
Q2) Between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, the number of African slaves shipped to the New World is estimated at
A)one million.
B)two million.
C)five million.
D)ten million.
E)twenty-five million.
Q3) The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was
A)Christopher Columbus.
B)Amerigo Vespucci.
C)Marco Polo.
D)Leonardo Bruni.
E)John Mandeville.
Q4) The first major Portuguese settlement in India was at Calicut.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) The artistic movement Mannerism reached its peak with the work of A)Fra Angelico.
B)Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
C)Peter Paul Rubens.
D)El Greco.
E)Rembrandt van Rijn.
Q2) The "sleeping giant" of Eastern Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century was A)Russia.
B)Austria.
C)Poland.
D)Greece.
E)the Ottoman Empire.
Q3) Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was
A)the rising cost of warfare.
B)witchcraft.
C)resistance by the great nobles.
D)armed uprisings by workers in Paris.
E)peasant revolts in the countryside.
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Chapter
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Q1) William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?
A)It created a new "heaven" but had little impact on conceptions of the earth.
B)It slightly modified the medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic worldview.
C)It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge.
D)It forcefully and deliberately attacked the moral foundation of a Christian civilization.
E)It created a new "earth" but had little impact on conceptions of the universe.
Q3) Like many of the medieval scholastic philosophers, Blaise Pascal argued that the truths of Christianity could be proved by reason alone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How was the new scientific knowledge spread in the seventeenth century?
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Chapter 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Deism is the belief that A)religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious.
B)if God exists, he has no interest in the world.
C)God created the universe but does not actively run it
D)a transcendent spirit controls every event.
E)praying matters.
Q2) A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in eighteenth century England was A)beer.
B)whiskey.
C)wine.
D)mead.
E)gin.
Q3) Compare and contrast deism with strains of popular religiosity in the eighteenth century.
Q4) Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to A)Christmas. B)Easter.
C)Lent.
D)Pentecost.
E)All Saints.
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Chapter 18: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) The potato was first cultivated in Ireland.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The European peasantry in the eighteenth century
A)comprised nearly half of Europe's population.
B)was free from serfdom in all countries by 1789.
C)often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners.
D)benefited the most in southern Italy and eastern Germany.
E)disappeared in England because of the Industrial Revolution.
Q3) The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all of the following EXCEPT:
A)judgment by peers.
B)immunity from severe punishment.
C)exemptions from most forms of taxation.
D)guarantees against becoming poor.
E)access to military and civil offices.
Q4) Between the death of Louis XIV and the death of Cardinal Fleury, France pulled back from foreign war and promoted the growth of industry.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
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Q1) The German philosopher who initially welcomed the French Revolution but turned against it, becoming instead an advocate of a German national spirit was
A)Goethe.
B)Fichte.
C)Hegel.
D)Kant.
E)Schiller.
Q2) The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was
A)the government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems.
B)the blocking of attempted reforms by the French Parlements.
C)the radical calls of the philosophes for reform.
D)Louis XVI's rejection of the cahiers de doléances.
E)violent uprisings by the common people who were demanding political and economic equality.
Q3) The Committee of Public Safety's campaign of Terror was directed almost exclusively against the Catholic clergy and members of the aristocracy and wealthy bourgeoisie.
A)True
B)False
21
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Chapter 20: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) Women who worked in the early factories of the Industrial Revolution
A)were given the same pay as men.
B)instigated dramatic change in pre-industrial kinship patterns.
C)never represented a large percentage of the workers in textile factories.
D)did not result in a significant transformation in female working patterns.
E)increased their social status.
Q2) Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following EXCEPT
A)a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.
B)the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century.
C)a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets.
D)Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.
E)a developed financial system.
Q3) The book's excerpt from Mark Twain's Life on the Mississippi describes
A)life on a cotton plantation in the American South.
B)the first American railroads.
C)the American Civil War's impact on those living along the Mississippi.
D)the impact of steamboats on a town located on the Mississippi.
E)political struggles in small town America during the nineteenth century.
Q4) Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
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Chapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) Louis-Philippe became known as the
A)"bourgeois monarch."
B)"the man of the people."
C)"the nobles' champion."
D)"diplomat king."
E)"utopian king."
Q2) The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in
A)the continued rule of Louis-Philippe but with radical reforms.
B)new elections to the national Assembly, resulting in the dominance of the radical republicans.
C)Europe's first socialist state under the guidance of Blanc's workshops.
D)a new French empire under Louis Napoleon.
E)the triumph of the Paris Commune.
Q3) Giuseppe Mazzini's nationalist organization, Young Italy,
A)liberated Italy's northern provinces from Austrian control.
B)failed to achieve his goal of "resurgence" by 1849.
C)helped inspire successful liberal constitutions throughout Italy.
D)used the liberals in governments to extend suffrage to Italy's working classes.
E)allied itself with the papacy to drive France out of Italy.
Page 23
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Chapter
22: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) Among Napoleon III's great domestic projects was
A)the building of the Eiffel Tower.
B)the rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
C)a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities.
D)the damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control.
E)the construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism.
Q2) As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to A)pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion francs.
B)abandon Nice and Marseilles.
C)agree to allow Prussia to control Luxembourg.
D)try Napoleon III for war crimes before a Prussian tribunal.
E)All of these are correct.
Q3) Bismarck goaded the Austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of A)Lorraine.
B)Bavaria.
C)Saxony.
D)Schleswig-Holstein.
E)Hesse-Darmstadt.
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Chapter 23: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Q1) By 1900, in which one of the following countries had full literacy not been achieved?
A)Germany
B)Great Britain
C)France
D)Denmark
E)Bulgaria
Q2) France's defeat by Prussia in 1870 ended the Third Republic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following were used to limit family size in the late nineteenth century except A)coitus interruptus.
B)birth control pills.
C)abortion.
D)abandonment.
E)infanticide.
Q4) After 1870, Britain regained its position as the industrial leader of Europe.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and
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Q1) Friedrich Nietzsche proclaimed that democracy and Christianity together could triumph where great men and science had failed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What did women hope to achieve in the feminist movement? To what extent were women successful by 1914?
Q3) Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by
A)rapidly rising suicide rates, especially in cities.
B)refusals by German leaders to enact new welfare legislation.
C)the use of military forces to put down urban riots.
D)the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.
E)peasant rebellions, particularly in the Rhineland region.
Q4) Marie and Pierre Curie formulated the relativity theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What were the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1905?
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Q6) By the early twentieth century, was the Ottoman Empire still a major force in Western civilization?
War and Revolution
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Q1) The underlying motive that led Great Britain to declare war on Germany was
A)the German invasion of Belgium.
B)a desire to plunder on the continent.
C)the desire to maintain world power.
D)fear of German intentions in France.
E)anxiety concerning a possible German invasion of Britain.
Q2) The most important consequence of the first year of World War I was
A)a deadly stalemate on the western front as a result of the failure of German war plans.
B)Italy's decision to switch sides to the German-Austrian alliance.
C)the collapse of German armies on the Russian front.
D)Serbia's rapid advance into Austria-Hungary.
E)the Ottoman Empire's decision to join the Triple Entente.
Q3) At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire
A)continued to hold Serbia and most of the Balkans.
B)got most of southern Russia.
C)was occupied by Germany.
D)merged with the Ottoman Empire.
E)broke apart into independent nation-states.
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Chapter 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars 1919-1939
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Q1) The city in which Hitler spent his formative years and developed his fundamental ideas was
A)Berlin.
B)Munich.
C)Frankfort.
D)Hamburg.
E)Vienna.
Q2) The collectivization of agriculture under Stalin was characterized by A)failure, and the peasants quickly returned to their private plots.
B)the cooperation of kulaks.
C)the destruction of the collective farms.
D)immediate financial benefits for most of the peasants.
E)widespread famine.
Q3) What impact did the growth of mass culture and mass leisure have upon European society in the 1920s and 1930s?
Q4) What crises and changes did the democratic states in Europe and the United States face during the interwar years? How successful were they in resolving their challenges?
Q5) What were the causes of the Great Depression? How did the European states respond to the Great Depression?
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Chapter 27: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
II
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the war in Europe with the war in the Pacific.What ideas about race and ethnicity informed both conflicts?
Q2) Most of the Holocaust death camps were in the Sudetenland.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The total monetary cost of World War II has been estimated at
A)$500 billion.
B)$1 trillion.
C)$4 trillion.
D)$10 trillion.
E)$100 trillion.
Q4) In the Allied bombing strategy in Europe, Americans participated
A)primarily in the nighttime saturation bombing of civilian populations.
B)only when British bomber wings needed reinforcements.
C)primarily in daytime, precision bombing of German strategic targets.
D)primarily as fighter pilots assigned to guard British bomber wings.
E)in bombing only belligerent nations, but never occupied territories.
Q5) How did the Nazis attempt to establish a New Order in Europe after their military victories? What were the results of their efforts?
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Chapter 28: Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965
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70 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As president of France, Charles de Gaulle's position in the Cold War was to A)closely align France with the Warsaw Pact nations.
B)make France the "third" nuclear power and pursue a largely independent political course.
C)let American policy guide France and other European nations.
D)make France the leading European power in NATO.
E)join the non-aligned third-world nations.
Q2) Television did not become readily available until A)the 1930s.
B)the 1940s.
C)the 1950s.
D)the 1960s.
E)the 1970s.
Q3) The first chancellor and "founding hero" of the West German Federal Republic was
A)Helmut Kohl.
B)Helmut Schmidt.
C)Willy Brandt.
D)Konrad Adenauer.
E)Walter Ulbricht.
Q4) How and why did the Cold War in Europe differ from the Cold War in Asia?
Page 30
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Chapter 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World
1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1975 Helsinki Agreements
A)established American military dominance in Europe.
B)accorded the Soviet Union the right to intervene in western European political affairs.
C)recognized all borders in central and eastern Europe established since World War II, thereby acknowledging a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
D)provided for the transfer of American nuclear weapons and submarines to Europe.
E)made Finland a nuclear-free zone.
Q2) The American president who helped maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents was
A)Richard Nixon.
B)Ronald Reagan.
C)George H.W.Bush.
D)Bill Clinton.
E)George W.Bush.
Q3) What are the characteristics of Postmodernism? Would it be accurate to say that all, or at least most, of the popular culture of this period was Postmodern?
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Chapter 30: After the Fall: The Western World in a Global
Age Since 1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first opportunity for testing the new relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War era was the
A)Chinese-Vietnamese War.
B)Arab-Israeli War.
C)war in Angola.
D)Persian Gulf War.
E)Iraq War.
Q2) How have terrorism and the war on terrorism suggested the advent of a "clash of civilizations"?
Q3) All are correct about the war in Iraq that began in 2003 EXCEPT
A)the Bush administration claimed that Iraq's Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.
B)establishing a new government in Iraq was difficult because of differences among the Shi'ites, Sunnis, and Kurds.
C)the Iraqi army was quickly defeated.
D)an increase in American troops in 2007 helped stabilize conditions after the outbreak of civil war.
E)the complete withdrawal of American troops was completed in 2009.
Q4) European debt crisis
Page 32
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