Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology is a foundational course that explores the structure and function of the human body at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Students will study the organization of cells, tissues, organs, and systems, gaining a thorough understanding of how the bodys components work individually and together to maintain health and homeostasis. Topics include the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, as well as the principles of feedback mechanisms and homeostatic regulation. The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical laboratory experience to help students develop a comprehensive appreciation of the complexities of the human body.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Disease 6th Edition by Patton
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25 Chapters
3620 Verified Questions
3620 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A plane dividing the body into front and back portions is a sagittal plane.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which is not a part of the upper abdominopelvic region?
A) right hypochondriac region
B) epigastric region
C) hypogastric region
D) All of the above are part of the upper abdominopelvic region.
Answer: C
Q3) Anatomy is defined as the study of the structure of an organism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Homeostasis is the relative consistency of the internal environment of the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Name the two major body cavities and describe what is in each.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acids have a higher concentration of H<sup>+</sup> ions than OH- ions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom are protons and neutrons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The smallest unit of matter is the electron.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The closer an orbital is to the nucleus of an atom,the higher its energy level.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Describe the three types of lipids and give the function of each. Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: Cells
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle has a subunit made of RNA?
A) ribosome
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) lysosomes
Answer: A
Q2) Which are small fingerlike projections on the plasma membrane that increase the cell's ability to absorb substances?
A) microvilli
B) cilia
C) flagella
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Q3) Osmosis and dialysis are both specialized examples of diffusion.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What is a gene?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: Tissues
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146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) nonstriated,involuntary,narrow fibers with only one nucleus per cell
A)cardiac muscle
B)skeletal muscle
C)smooth muscle
Q2) the cell body of the neuron
A)neuron
B)neuroglia
C)axon
D)cell body
E)dendrite
Q3) tendons
A)areolar
B)fibrous connective tissue
C)hematopoietic tissue
Q4) The building block of bone tissue is called an osteon.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A nerve cell usually has more axons extending from the cell body than dendrites.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Organ Systems of the Body
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thoracic duct helps return lymph back to the cardiovascular system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how stem cells can help solve the problem of too few organ donors.What are other possible uses for stem cells?
Q3) The sense organs of the body are part of the nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hormones are produced by the ductless glands of the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The body's heaviest organ is the
A) liver
B) brain
C) large intestine
D) skin
Q7) List the structures and explain the function of the lymphatic system.
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Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Disease
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organisms that cause opportunistic infections require specific environmental conditions before they can become infectious.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The transmission of West Nile virus requires a vector.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The movement of white blood cells in response to a chemical attractant released during the inflammatory response is called
A) edema
B) inflammatory exudate
C) chemotaxis
D) phagocytosis
Q4) Explain the means of cancer detection discussed in the chapter.
Q5) Athlete's foot is caused by a A) bacterium
B) virus
C) protozoon
D) fungus
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Chapter 7: The Integumentary System and Body
Membranes
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nail root is hidden because it is covered by a fold of skin called the lunula.
A)True
B)False
Q2) membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
A)cutaneous membrane
B)visceral pleura
C)parietal pleura
D)visceral peritoneum
E)parietal peritoneum
F)mucous membrane
G)synovial membrane
H)bursae
Q3) The Meissner corpuscle detects pressure deep in the dermis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cyanosis of the skin is caused by a loss of melanocytes.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q5) List the "ABCD" rule of self-examination for melanoma.
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Chapter 8: The Skeletal System
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The joining point of the temporal and occipital bones of the skull forms the lambdoidal suture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An infection of a sinus is called mastoiditis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) thigh bone
A)femur
B)radius
C)carpals
D)ischium
E)metacarpals
F)scapula
G)tarsals
H)patella
I)humerus
J)phalanges
K)tibia
L)metatarsals
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Chapter 9: The Muscular System
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main effect of strength training is muscle atrophy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chemicals are released at the neuromuscular junction that stimulates the muscle to contract.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In bending the elbow,the insertion is in the forearm.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Muscular dystrophy is a muscle disorder caused by a viral infection.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The "heads" that form cross bridges during muscle contraction are part of the actin molecule.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In the anatomical position,the hands are in the supinated position.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the efferent organ for the knee-jerk reflex?
Q2) If a stroke made a person unable to see,the stroke would have damaged the person's temporal lobe.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The indentations between Schwann cells are called A) neurolemmas
B) myelin
C) the nodes of Ranvier
D) glias
Q4) Although the cause of some epilepsy is unknown,it is usually an inherited disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The endoneurium is deep to the perineurium,which is deep to the epineurium.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the structure and function of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Q7) Explain the structure and function of the cerebrum.
Q8) Explain the structure and function of the spinal cord.
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Chapter 11: The Senses
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth
A)organ of Corti
B)tympanic membrane
C)eustachian tube
D)stapes
E)semicircular canal
F)cochlea
G)malleus
H)auricle
I)perilymph
J)endolymph
Q2) Which of the following is untrue about the sense of taste?
A) It is a chemoreceptor.
B) The sense of taste is generated by cells in the taste buds called gustatory cells.
C) There are four primary tastes.
D) All of the above are true about the sense of taste.
Q3) Explain why an infection that clogs the eustachian tube makes flying in an airplane more uncomfortable.
Q4) Describe the structure of the external ear.
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain and give an example of a positive feedback regulation of a hormone.
Q2) reduces the level of calcium in the blood
A)glucocorticoid
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)calcitonin
D)triiodothyronine
E)ADH
F)aldosterone
G)luteinizing hormone
H)oxytocin
I)epinephrine
J)insulin
K)growth hormone
L)parathyroid hormone
M)thymosin
N)glucagon
O)melatonin
P)ACTH
Q3) Explain the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Q4) Describe the symptoms and causes of Cushing syndrome and Addison disease.
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Chapter 13: Blood
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following nutrients is not needed for the manufacture of hemoglobin?
A) iron
B) calcium
C) folate
D) All of the above nutrients are needed for hemoglobin formation.
Q2) Basophils release heparin,which helps the blood clot.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person with a severe calcium deficiency has many problems,one of which is that his or her blood has a slower than normal clotting time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Even women who are Rh-negative rarely have a problem with erythroblastosis fetalis with their first child.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the INR and what is its use?
Q6) What are the major proteins found in plasma and what is the function of each?
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Chapter 14: The Heart
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) a heart valve that is narrower than normal
A)incompetent heart valve
B)angina pectoris
C)pericarditis
D)dysrhythmia
E)atherosclerosis
F)myocardial infarction
G)fibrillation
H)stenosed heart valve
I)congestive heart failure
J)cardiac tamponade
K)tachycardia
L)bradycardia
M)cor pulmonale
Q2) Another name for "hardening of the arteries" is
A) angina pectoris
B) myocardial infarction
C) atherosclerosis
D) embolism
Q3) Briefly describe rheumatic heart disease and mitral valve prolapse.
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Chapter 15: The Circulation of the Blood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which factor influences resistance to blood flow?
A) blood viscosity
B) blood volume
C) tension of the muscles in the wall of the blood vessels
D) both A and C
Q2) Which structure in the fetus allows blood to bypass the immature liver?
A) foramen ovale
B) ductus venosus
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical vein
Q3) Which type of shock results from blood loss?
A) cardiogenic shock
B) hypovolemic shock
C) anaphylactic shock
D) septic shock
Q4) Which of the following is not true of capillaries?
A) They are made up only of endothelium.
B) The endothelium has one-way valves.
C) They receive blood from arterioles.
D) They are where material is exchanged with the cells.
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Chapter 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with a severe immune system deficiency would not be able to develop natural or artificial active immunity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain why an allergic reaction is unlikely after the first exposure to an allergen.
Q3) A contact dermatitis such as the response to poison ivy is caused by the action of T cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A baby getting antibodies from mother's milk is an example of active artificial immunity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The primary function of macrophages and neutrophils is phagocytosis.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is HIV spread?
Q7) Explain the location and function of the thymus.
Page 18
Q8) What can be done to treat an HIV infection?
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Chapter 17: The Respiratory System
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the oxygen in the blood is carried as oxyhemoglobin and most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried as carbaminohemoglobin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Infectious rhinitis and allergic rhinitis have the same symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a person has a severe asthma attack,his or her bronchioles narrow but the bronchi do not narrow nearly as much.Explain why you would expect this to be the case.
Q4) The sum of tidal volume,expiratory reserve volume,and inspiratory reserve volume is equal to the residual volume.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the role of the cerebral cortex in regulating respiration.
Q6) Explain the process of normal expiration.
Q7) The pharynx contains tonsils.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) an inflammation of abnormal saclike outpouchings of the intestinal wall
A)ulcer
B)cholelithiasis
C)mumps
D)hepatitis
E)caries
F)gastroenteritis
G)leukoplakia
H)Crohn disease
I)gingivitis
J)peritonitis
K)ascites
L)diverticulitis
Q2) Both diarrhea and constipation are peristalsis problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Spicy foods and smoking are the primary causes of ulcers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the structure of the mouth.What is the uvula? What is the frenulum?
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Chapter 19: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person had a blood glucose level of 95 mg/100 ml of blood,it would indicate that too little insulin was being secreted by the pancreas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The body is unable to store which of the following vitamins?
A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
Q3) The body can store the fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,and K.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The flow of heat waves away from the body defines conduction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One difference between vitamins and minerals is that vitamins are organic compounds and minerals are inorganic compounds.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: The Urinary System
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A failure in resorption causes glycosuria.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Even though they are often considered to be part of the structure of the kidney,the renal pyramids are actually part of the ureters.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Define uremia and explain how it occurs.
Q4) Blood plasma moving from the glomerulus to the Bowman capsule is called
A) filtration
B) resorption
C) secretion
D) micturition
Q5) The regulation of blood pH is an important function of the urinary system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define incontinence.Name and explain three types of incontinence.
Q7) Gravity moves urine through the ureters.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The volume of which fluid is the most variable?
A) interstitial fluid
B) blood plasma
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) intracellular fluid
Q2) Obese people tend to have a lower percentage of body water than more slender people do.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The positively charged ion with the greatest concentration in the blood is
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) potassium
Q4) List the normal concentrations of sodium,potassium,and calcium in the blood.
Q5) What are the symptoms of sodium imbalance?
Q6) Muscle tissue has the least amount of water compared with any other body tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Define and give an example of an electrolyte and a non-electrolyte.
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Chapter 22: Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solution with a pH of 5 contains more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 2.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If an acid were added to the buffer pair H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-NaHCO<sub>3</sub>,the concentration of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> would drop.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is considered a physiological pH control mechanism?
A) the buffers in the blood
B) the kidneys
C) the lungs
D) both B and C above
Q4) The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared with arterial blood comes primarily from
A) absorbing hydrochloric acid from the digestive system
B) the lactic acid from muscle metabolism
C) the higher concentration of carbonic acid from cell metabolism
D) all of the above
Q5) Explain the function of the urinary mechanism in the control of blood pH.
Page 24
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Chapter 23: The Reproductive Systems
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230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An inflammation of the uterine tubes is called
A) salpingitis
B) oophoritis
C) vaginitis
D) endometriosis
Q2) the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus
A)salpingitis
B)oophoritis
C)amenorrhea
D)ovarian cysts
E)uterine myoma
F)dysfunctional uterine bleeding
G)dysmenorrhea
H)premenstrual syndrome
I)endometriosis
Q3) The vagina acts as the last part of the birth canal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the essential organs of the female reproductive system? What are the accessory organs of the female reproductive system?
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Chapter 24: Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only about 40% of the taste buds present at age 30 remain in a person at age 75.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Two systems that undergo very rapid development during infancy are the muscular system and the nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not formed by the mesoderm?
A) dermis of the skin
B) kidneys
C) bladder
D) muscles
Q4) The implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus is called
A) placenta previa
B) abruptio placentae
C) ectopic pregnancy
D) preeclampsia
Q5) Explain the events from fertilization to the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus.
Q6) Define and give three examples of a teratogen.
Page 26
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Chapter 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the
A) genome
B) karyotype
C) chromosomes
D) both B and C
Q2) condition caused by having a gene that makes a faulty protein that prevents the movement of sodium ions into and out of the cell
A)Turner syndrome
B)cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)pedigree
E)single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)karyotype
H)genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square
Q3) Explain the difference between a genetic disease and a genetic predisposition.
Q4) Explain the cause and symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.
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