Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology is an essential foundational course that explores the structure and function of the human body at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Students will study the organization of the bodys systems, including skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and hands-on activities, the course integrates anatomical terminology with physiological processes, offering insights into how body systems work individually and collaboratively to maintain homeostasis and overall health. This course is vital for students pursuing careers in health, medicine, and biological sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Body Structures and Functions 12th Edition by Ann Senisi Scott
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Structural Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) right hypochondriac area
A)pain in the back
B)pain below the right ribs
C)a cut in the lower part of the right arm
D)heartburn
E)stomach cramps
F)right inguinal hernia
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following sequences place the terms from the simplest to the most complex?
A)tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, human body
B)human body, organ system, organs, tissues, cells
C)cells, tissues, organs, organ system, human body
D)none are correct
Answer: C
Q3) The pubic area can also be referred to as the lower, or ______________, region. Answer: hypogastric
Q4) The stomach is located ____________ to the diaphragm. Answer: inferior
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Living Things
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Q1) A solution with a pH of 5 would tell you it is _____.
A)acidic
B)alkaline
C)neutral
Answer: A
Q2) The study of the chemical reactions of living things is called _____.
A)anatomy
B)biochemistry
C)physiology
D)physics
Answer: B
Q3) ____________________ ____________________ is involved in the process of heredity.
Answer: DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Q4) Another name for a base is alkali.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of chromosomes for the human being is _____________________.
Answer: 46 forty-six
Q2) DNA and protein arranged in a loose and diffuse state
A)chromatin
B)chromosomes
C)phospholipids
D)cells
E)nuclear membrane
F)nucleoplasm
G)cell membrane
H)organelles
I)endoplasmic reticulum
J)cilia
Answer: A
Q3) Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Tissues and Membranes
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Q1) The respiratory system carries oxygen and nourishment to the cells of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) acquires oxygen and rids the body of carbon dioxide
A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)digestive
D)respiratory
E)circulatory
F)excretory
G)nervous
H)endocrine
I)reproductive
J)integumentary
Q3) Name the four main types of tissues: ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ.
Q5) A(n) ____________________ is the basic structural unit of the body.
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Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Q1) Malignant ____________________ is commonly known as skin cancer.
Q2) also called carbuncles and are painful
A)acne vulgaris
B)athlete's feet
C)impetigo
D)psoriasis
E)herpes
F)basal cell carcinoma
G)rosacea
H)shingles (herpes zoster)
I)warts
J)boils
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding skin cancer and ultraviolet (UV) light?
A)The skin needs exposure to the sun to manufacture vitamin K.
B)Tanning beds are safe, as they do not emit UV rays.
C)Wait until after 1 p.m. to be in the sun, when it is less intense.
D)The incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinoma is on the rise.
Q4) Hyperthermia means below normal heat.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Skeletal System
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Q1) movement of an extremity away from the midline
A)flexion
B)abduction
C)pronation
D)supination
E)rotation
F)circumduction
G)adduction
Q2) disk
A)movable joint
B)immovable joint
C)area between two articular cartilages
D)partially movable joint
E)lining of the articular cartilage
F)example of a pivot joint
G)joint connected by tough fibrous tissue
H)elastic material between vertebrae
Q3) The points of contact between two bones are called ____________________.
Q4) ____________________ is a joint disorder characterized by an acute inflammation commonly affecting the big toe.
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Chapter 7: Muscular System
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Q1) The masseter and temporalis muscles are representative of the muscles of ____________________.
Q2) The ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents is
A)excitability
B)elasticity
C)contractibility
D)extensibility
Q3) pectoralis major
A)muscle of facial expression
B)muscle of the trunk
C)muscle of the lower extremity
D)muscle of the upper extremity
Q4) Muscles are responsible for producing most of our body heat.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name the three types of muscles: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q6) The major source of energy for muscles is
Q7) _________________________ can occur to muscles that are infrequently used. Page 9
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Chapter 8: Central Nervous System
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Q1) norepinephrine
A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)associative neurons
D)neurotransmitter
E)one of the four major parts of the brain
F)dura mater
G)arachnoid mater
Q2) The ____________________________ is made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Q3) The hypothalamus is the center for mind-body experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The cerebral cortex of the frontal lobe controls motor functions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A lumbar puncture may be done to determine the effectiveness of the blood-brain barrier.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
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Q1) The cranial nerve that regulates vision is _____.
A)I
B)IV
C)II
D)V
Q2) The simplest type of nervous response is the _________________________.
Q3) The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to structures of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sciatica is a form of neuritis that affects the sciatic nerve.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A nerve composed of fibers that carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain is called a(n) _____ nerve.
A)afferent
B)efferent
C)mixed
D)busy
Q6) Reaction to a stimulus is called a(n) ____________________.
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Chapter 10: Special Senses
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Q1) The change in the number of olfactory neurons as we age increases the detection of warning smells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An infection of the middle ear is called _____.
A)otitis media
B)otosclerosis
C)tinnitus
D)presbycusis
Q3) The ____________________ is a mass of muscle tissue with structures called papillae.
Q4) Peripheral vision decline may lead to falls and mobility problems as one ages.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Growths in the nasal cavity associated with rhinitis are called _________________________.
Q6) The ______________________________ contain a liquid and delicate hairlike cells that bend when the liquid is set in motion by movement of the head or body.
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Q7) The innermost, or third coat, of the eye is called the ____________________.
Chapter 11: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following hormones controls the rate of metabolism, heat production, and oxidation of cells?
A)thyroxine
B)testosterone
C)thymosin
D)ACTH
Q2) Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland in preadolescence results in _____.
A)gigantism
B)dwarfism
C)Cushing syndrome
D)diabetes mellitus
Q3) Norepinephrine is also called adrenalin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A patient is discovered to have a high calcium blood level. Which gland is most likely causing the problem?
A)pituitary
B)parathyroid
C)adrenal
D)thymus
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Chapter 12: Blood
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Q1) many
A)an
B)edema
C)emia
D)poiesis
E)leuko
F)thrombo
G)gen
H)patho
I)mono
J)poly
Q2) What is a blood disease in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets?
A)hemophilia
B)thrombocytopenia
C)leukemia
Q3) A person with type AB positive blood is considered a(n)
Q4) Basophils are activated during an allergic reaction or inflammation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Heart
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Q1) The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located _____.
A)between the left atrium and the left ventricle
B)between the right atrium and right ventricle
C)at the orifice of the pulmonary artery
D)at the orifice of the aorta
Q2) The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the impact of the blood churning in the chambers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An arrhythmia is any change or deviation from the normal rate or rhythm of the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Name the four valves of the heart: ____________________, ____________________, _________________________, and
Q5) Thirty minutes of physical exercise is recommended for most days of the week as a way to improve health and decrease risk factors for heart disease.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Circulation and Blood Vessels
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Q1) The pressure measured at the moment of the heart's contraction is the ___________________________________, while the lessened force of blood as the ventricles relax is called the ___________________________________.
Q2) Instead of using its own lungs, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) blue appearance to the skin
A)hemiplegia
B)arteriole
C)dysphasia
D)hypoperfusion
E)cyanosis
F)phlebitis
G)vascular
H)atherosclerosis
I)arteriosclerosis
J)tunica adventitia
Q4) The ____________________ is the largest artery in the body.
Q5) Another term used to describe low blood pressure is ____________________.
17
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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Q1) There are three pairs of tonsils named ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q2) The _________________________ can be considered a supplement to the circulatory system.
Q3) _________________________ are tiny, oval-shaped structures ranging in size from a pinhead to an almond.
Q4) infection of the tonsils
A)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
B)anaphylactic shock
C)asthma
D)Hodgkin's disease
E)hypersensitivity
F)infectious mononucleosis
G)lupus
H)lymphadenitis
I)scleroderma
J)tonsillitis
Q5) A severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction is called
Q6) Drugs are used to control the HIV virus by blocking
Chapter 16: Infection Control and Standard Precautions
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Q1) Which practice would be used for the purpose of protecting a client who is receiving chemotherapy?
A)isolation
B)standard precautions
C)contact precautions
D)reverse isolation
Q2) common cold
A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)protozoa
D)rickettsia
E)virus
F)helminths
Q3) In terms of the chain of infection, a person whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired is considered to be a(n) ______________________________.
Q4) If a health care worker is wearing gloves during a client procedure, it is not necessary to wash the hands immediately following the procedure.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Respiratory System
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Q1) Where does oxygen release the energy stored in nutrients to provide heat and energy for body functioning?
A)blood in the capillaries
B)alveoli in the lungs
C)cells throughout the body
D)lymph surrounding tissues
Q2) Overinflation of the lungs during inhalation is prevented by the _____.
A)stimulation of nerve endings in the walls of the lungs
B)the action of the diaphragm
C)positive pressure in the pleural cavity
D)the level of oxygen in the alveoli
Q3) The purpose of residual air in the lungs is to _____.
A)prevent the lungs from collapsing
B)prevent the temporary stoppage of breathing
C)allow the continuous exchange of gases between breaths
Q4) The respiratory center is located in the ______________________________ in the brain.
Q5) Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are referred to collectively as
Q6) ____________________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the lungs.
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Chapter 18: Digestive System
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Q1) An important function of the colon is to help regulate the body's water balance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The purpose of the uvula is to help prevent food from entering the windpipe when swallowing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the _________________________.
Q4) Chemical digestion of ____________________ is initiated by the secretion of saliva.
Q5) Gum infections can lead to serious conditions, such as heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The average person produces between 1 and 3 pints of gas per day.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Diarrhea can be a life-threatening condition for the very young and the aged.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Bile is produced in the ____________________. Page 21
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Chapter 19: Nutrition
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Q1) Essential amino acids are produced by the body as needed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____________________ is/are the main source of energy for the body.
Q3) The human body stores reserves of energy as fat in fat cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) acts as an antioxidant
A)calcium
B)iodine
C)iron
D)potassium
E)zinc
F)vitamin A
G)vitamin B3
H)vitamin B12
I)vitamin E
J)vitamin K
Q5) ____________________ is/are an essential component of all body tissues.
Page 23
Q6) ____________________ play(s) a major role in the growth and repair of tissue.
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Chapter 20: Urinary System
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Q1) Which organ performs the major role in excreting wastes from the body?
A)lungs
B)colon
C)skin
D)kidneys
Q2) Salt retention in the body's tissues reduces the production of urine by _____.
A)increasing the level of potassium
B)increasing the secretion of ADH
C)reducing the production of aldosterone
D)decreasing the permeability of the membrane in the collecting ducts
Q3) Loss of voluntary control over urination is called _____.
A)neurogenic bladder
B)dialysis
C)incontinence
D)urgency
Q4) ____________________ increase urinary output by inhibiting the reabsorption of water.
Q5) Urinary incontinence is frequently observed in the elderly.
A)True
B)False
24
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Chapter 21: Reproductive System
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Q1) The primary sex organs of the male are the ____________________.
Q2) The breakdown in the lining of the endometrium occurs in the _____ stage of the menstrual cycle.
A)follicle
B)ovulation
C)corpus luteum
D)menstruation
Q3) An important role of progesterone in the reproductive process is to _____.
A)maintain the growth and thickening of the endometrium
B)encourage the breakdown of the lining of the endometrium
C)stimulate the rupture of the follicle
D)stimulate the creation of the corpus luteum
Q4) The primary sex organs of the female are the ____________________.
Q5) Most cases of male impotence have psychological causes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Most cancers of the prostate involve fast-growing cells forming tumors that must be removed surgically.
A)True
B)False
Page 25
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Chapter 22: Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases
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Q1) It is estimated that everyone carries two or three recessive ____________________ genes.
Q2) The ____________________ is a small package of DNA that carries instructions for cellular synthesis of a specific protein.
Q3) abnormality of red blood cells interfering with ability to carry oxygen
A)phenylketonuria
B)sickle cell anemia
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
E)Huntington's disease
F)cystic fibrosis
G)thalassemia
H)hemophilia
I)Down syndrome
J)Turner's syndrome
Q4) ____________________ is the term for a change that occurs in the nucleus of gametes, and it is passed on to the next generation.
Q5) The technique for correcting defective genes that cause disease is called
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