Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology is a comprehensive course that explores the structure and function of the human body. Students will examine the major organ systems, including their anatomical features and physiological processes, to understand how the body maintains homeostasis and responds to internal and external changes. The course integrates foundational concepts in biology and chemistry as they relate to human health, delves into the mechanisms underlying physical activity, disease, and body regulation, and emphasizes clinical and real-world applications. Through laboratory and theoretical work, students gain hands-on experience in identifying anatomical structures and analyzing physiological functions, preparing them for further study in health and life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy 5th Edition by Lynn S. Lippert PT MS
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359 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a person abducts the shoulder to 90 degrees,then moves the arm backward,what is that motion called?
A) Medial rotation
B) Lateral rotation
C) Horizontal adduction
D) Horizontal abduction
Answer: D
Q2) In anatomical position,the thumb is located where in relation to the fingers?
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Proximal
D) Distal
Answer: B
Q3) When the scapula moves into a protracted position,they move in what direction in relation to the spine?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Medial
D) Lateral
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of bone makes up the dense,hard outer shell?
A) Compact bone
B) Cancellous bone
C) Marrow
D) Periosteum
Answer: A
Q2) How many bones make up the human skeleton?
A) 80
B) 126
C) 206
D) 217
Answer: C
Q3) The scapula is an example of which type of bone?
A) Short
B) Flat
C) Irregular
D) Sesamoid
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Articular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two bones of a joint are held together and supported by which of the following structures?
A) Tendon
B) Bursa
C) Ligament
D) Fibrocartilage
Answer: C
Q2) What type of structure is located where tendons pass over a bone or joint and serves to decrease friction?
A) Cartilage
B) Fat pad
C) Bursa
D) Fibrocartilage
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following types of joints is NOT a fibrous joint?
A) Gomphosis
B) Synarthrosis
C) Synovial joint
D) Syndesmosis
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Arthrokinematics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hip abduction is an example of which type of motion?
A) Arthrokinematic
B) Osteokinematic
C) Angular
D) Torque
Q2) The type of abnormal end feel characterized by the presence of soft tissue edema is which of the following?
A) Boggy end feel
B) Springy block
C) Empty end feel
D) Soft tissue approximation
Q3) The type of arthrokinematic motion characterized by linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane of the adjoining joint surface is which of the following?
A) Roll
B) Spin
C) Glide
D) Shear
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6
Chapter 5: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) You can make a tighter fist with your wrist extended than with your wrist flexed because of
A) active insufficiency of the finger flexors.
B) active insufficiency of the finger extensors.
C) passive insufficiency of the finger flexors.
D) passive insufficiency of the finger extensors.
Q2) The deltoid muscle can effectively contract through its entire ROM because of the upward rotation of the scapula,which serves to maintain tension in the deltoid muscle.If the deltoid loses tension,it becomes
A) passively insufficient.
B) actively insufficient.
C) noncontractile.
D) None of the above
Q3) The ability of a muscle to recoil or return to normal resting length after a stretching or shortening force is removed is called
A) irritability.
B) contractility.
C) elasticity.
D) extensibility.
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Chapter 6: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The innermost layer of the protective membrane that contains the blood vessels to the brain is the
A) dura mater.
B) subarachnoid mater.
C) pia mater.
D) ventricular mater.
Q2) A common pathology of the PNS characterized by weakness of the long thoracic nerve is which of the following?
A) Scapular winging
B) Thoracic outlet syndrome
C) Bell's palsy
D) Carpal tunnel syndrome
Q3) The "stress-response" and stimulation part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)is the sympathetic nervous system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Circulatory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A type of cerebral hemorrhage that occurs in a vein with symptoms that occur over time is which of the following?
A) Epidural bleed
B) Ischemic bleed
C) Varicose bleed
D) Subdural bleed
Q2) The main branch artery that supplies blood to the forearm and hand is which of the following?
A) Radial and ulnar
B) Axillary
C) Subclavian
D) Internal iliac
Q3) The lymphatic system functions to do all of the following EXCEPT
A) collect extracellular fluid.
B) filter bacteria and waste products.
C) exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
D) assist to maintain adequate blood volume and pressure.
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Chapter 8: Basic Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of machine that consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable is a(n)
A) movable pulley.
B) wheel and axle.
C) fixed pulley.
D) inclined plane.
Q2) The reason that a large-handled object is easier to turn is that the mechanical advantage is larger.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. A)True
B)False
Q3) In order to decrease the challenge of a client working on balance,you would do which of the following?
A) Raise the center of gravity and increase the base of support
B) Raise the center of gravity and decrease the base of support
C) Lower the center of gravity and increase the base of support
D) Lower the center of gravity and decrease the base of support
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Chapter 9: Shoulder Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of linear shoulder girdle motion is
A) upward rotation.
B) scapular protraction.
C) scapular depression.
D) B and C
Q2) The serratus anterior and the pectoralis minor have which of the following motions in common?
A) Shoulder medial rotation
B) Downward rotation
C) Upward rotation
D) Protraction
Q3) The upper trapezius,serratus anterior,and lower trapezius have which of the following actions in common?
A) Retraction of the scapula
B) Protraction of the scapula
C) Downward rotation of the scapula
D) Upward rotation of the scapula
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11
Chapter 10: Shoulder Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) The posterior deltoid,latissimus dorsi,and teres major have which of the following shoulder motions in common?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Lateral rotation
Q2) Which muscles originate on the axillary border of the scapula and insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
A) Teres minor
B) Teres major
C) Infraspinatus
D) Subscapularis
Q3) Damage to which of the following nerves could result in weakness of the infraspinatus muscle?
A) Radial nerve
B) Musculocutaneous nerve
C) Axillary nerve
D) Suprascapular nerve
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12
Chapter 11: Elbow Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process?
A) Brachioradialis
B) Flexor carpi radialis
C) Pronator teres
D) Pronator quadratus
Q2) Which muscle originates on the distal half of the humerus (anterior surface)and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna?
A) Coracobrachialis
B) Short head of biceps brachii
C) Brachialis
D) Supinator
Q3) Your patient has point tenderness at the common flexor origin at the elbow.Given this symptom,which diagnosis is likely?
A) Medial epicondylitis
B) Lateral epicondylitis
C) Tendonitis of biceps tendon
D) Volkmann's ischemic contracture
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Chapter 12: Wrist Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are instructed to work on closed-chain upper extremity activity and you have your patient stand and place her hand on a table with her fingers facing forward and rock forward to touch an object with the other hand,which motion is occurring at the wrist that is on the table?
A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Radial deviation
D) Ulnar deviation
Q2) Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle and inserts on the base of the fifth metacarpal?
A) Extensor carpi ulnaris
B) Extensor carpi radialis longus
C) Flexor carpi ulnaris
D) Palmaris longus
Q3) Paralysis of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A) Median nerve
B) Ulnar nerve
C) Radial nerve
D) Musculocutaneous nerve
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Chapter 13: Hand
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the radial nerve would impair all of the following muscles EXCEPT the A) extensor digitorum.
B) extensor pollicis longus.
C) flexor pollicis longus.
D) extensor digiti minimi.
Q2) Which muscle originates on the medial humeral epicondyle and inserts at the sides of the middle phalanges of the fingers?
A) Flexor digitorum profundus
B) Extensor digitorum
C) Extensor digiti minimi
D) Flexor digitorum superficialis
Q3) Which type of grip is used to pick up a coin?
A) Lumbrical grip
B) Pincer grip
C) Cylindrical grip
D) Spherical grip
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15
Chapter 14: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normal ROM for mouth opening in an adult would be which of the following?
A) One finger between the upper and lower teeth
B) Half a finger between the upper and lower teeth
C) Two to three fingers between the upper and lower teeth
D) Four fingers between the upper and lower teeth
Q2) The bony landmark of the mandible that forms the posterior projection that articulates with the temporal bone is called the A) angle.
B) styloid process.
C) condyle.
D) ramus.
Q3) Which muscle originates on the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and tuberosity of the maxilla and inserts on the ramus and angle of the mandible?
A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial pterygoid
D) Lateral pterygoid
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16
Chapter 15: Neck and Trunk
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Sample Questions
Q1) The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions?
A) Trunk flexion
B) Compression of abdominal contents
C) Trunk extension
D) Lateral bending
Q2) Which is the best position and instruction for a scoliosis client to strengthen lateral benders of the right side of the trunk?
A) Supine,laterally bend to right
B) Prone,laterally bend to left
C) Side-lying over an exercise ball,laterally bend to right
D) Any of the above are equally effective.
Q3) Which is the best instruction to most effectively stretch the left sternocleidomastoid muscle?
A) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the left side
B) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the right side
C) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the left side
D) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the right side
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Chapter 16: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quiet inspiration requires the use of which of the following?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Gravity
D) Recoil of the diaphragm
Q2) A chronic lung pathology characterized by loss of elasticity of the alveolar walls is which of the following?
A) Pneumonia
B) Bronchitis
C) Emphysema
D) Pleurisy
Q3) Which muscles originate on the rib above and insert on the rib below and serve to elevate the ribs?
A) Internal intercostals
B) External intercostals
C) Diaphragm
D) Pectoralis major
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Chapter 17: Pelvic Girdle
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with tight hamstrings will likely adopt which of the following compensatory postures?
A) Posterior tilt of pelvis and flattened lumbar curve
B) Anterior tilt of pelvis and lumbar curve hyperextension
C) Posterior tilt of pelvis and lumbar curve hyperextension
D) Anterior tilt of pelvis and flattened lumbar curve
Q2) An increase in posterior tilt of the pelvis is associated with which of the following motions of the vertebral column?
A) Flexion
B) Hyperextension
C) Lateral bend to the opposite side
D) Rotation to the opposite side
Q3) A normal finding for a lumbosacral angle would be which of the following?
A) 10 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 60 degrees
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19
Chapter 18: Hip Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one-joint muscle extends the hip?
A) Biceps femoris
B) Semitendinosus
C) Vastus intermedialis
D) Gluteus maximus
Q2) Your patient has been in bed for months and has developed lateral hip rotator contractures.The muscles you need to strengthen to improve hip alignment are the A) gluteus minimus.
B) gluteus medius.
C) deep rotators.
D) gluteus maximus.
Q3) Your patient has had a crush injury to the sciatic nerve.You would expect to see weakness in any of the following muscles EXCEPT the A) semimembranosus.
B) biceps femoris.
C) rectus femoris.
D) All of these could be affected by a sciatic nerve injury.
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Chapter 19: Knee Joint
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Q1) Which muscle has its origin at the linea aspera,runs lateral at the thigh,and has its insertion at the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon?
A) Vastus medialis
B) Adductor magnus
C) Tensor fascia latae
D) Vastus lateralis
Q2) The ligaments that provide medial and lateral stability at the knee are called
A) cruciates.
B) menisci.
C) deltoid and lateral ligaments.
D) collaterals.
Q3) Which of the following ligaments prevents excessive forward movement of the tibia on the femur?
A) Lateral meniscus
B) Medial collateral
C) Anterior cruciate ligament
D) Genu labrum
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21
Chapter 20: Ankle Joint and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle originates from the posterior tibia and inserts on the distal phalanges of the four lesser toes?
A) Tibialis posterior
B) Flexor digitorum longus
C) Flexor hallucis longus
D) Dorsal interossei
Q2) Which muscle has its origin on the lateral tibia and interosseus membrane and inserts on the first cuneiform and first metatarsal?
A) Anterior tibialis
B) Posterior tibialis
C) Extensor hallucis longus
D) Extensor digitorum longus
Q3) Excessive wear and damage to the medial side of a person's shoe would be attributed to which positional fault of the ankle?
A) Calcaneal varus
B) Calcaneal valgus
C) Pes planus
D) Pes cavus
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22
Chapter 21: Posture
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with a lumbar disc problem is generally most comfortable in which of the following positions?
A) Lying prone
B) Lying supine with pillows under the knees
C) Side-lying with top leg extending behind the body
D) Side-lying with both legs flexed toward the chest
Q2) Causes of poor posture can be which of the following?
A) Habit
B) Congenital malformation
C) Paralysis of key postural muscles
D) Any of the above can be a cause of poor posture.
Q3) In observing standing posture,you note a flattened longitudinal arch of the foot.You would document this as which of the following?
A) Pes planus
B) Pes cavus
C) Claw toe
D) Hammer toe
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Chapter 22: Gait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle group slows down the knee motion in terminal swing and prevents the knee from "snapping" into extension just prior to initial contact?
A) Hip flexors
B) Knee flexors
C) Hip extensors
D) Knee extensors
Q2) If you note a problem with gait that occurs when the non-weight-bearing limb is directly under the body,you are speaking of which part of the swing phase?
A) Preswing
B) Initial swing
C) Midswing
D) Terminal swing
Q3) The term used to describe the activity that occurs between the time of heel strike of one extremity and the heel strike of that same extremity is
A) double support.
B) stride length.
C) gait cycle.
D) cadence.
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