Anatomy and Physiology Question
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Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology explores the structure and function of the human body at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. This course covers the major organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Students will learn how these systems interact to maintain homeostasis and support life. Emphasis is placed on understanding physiological mechanisms, anatomical terminology, and the integration of system functions, providing a foundational knowledge essential for careers in health and biological sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Body Structures and Functions 12th Edition by
Ann Senisi Scott
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Structural Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) The area superior to the right lumbar region is the ____________ ________________ region.
Answer: right hypochondriac
Q2) nervous system
A)movement
B)ingestion
C)transport
D)growth
E)secretion
F)excretion
G)regulation (sensitivity)
Answer: G
Q3) The metric system is a decimal system based on the power of ____________. Answer: 10 ten
Q4) The dorsal cavity contains the _____.
A)heart and lungs
B)major organs of digestion
C)structures of the nervous system
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Living Things
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would best be described as a scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and body structures without the use of radiation?
A)computed axial tomography (CAT, or CT, scan)
B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C)positron emission tomography (PET) scan
D)bone scan
Answer: B
Q2) Medical imaging refers to invasive techniques and processes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The smallest particles of elements that enter into chemical reactions are ____________.
Answer: atoms
Q4) Phospholipids are lipids that contain cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) also called a plasma membrane
A)chromatin
B)chromosomes
C)phospholipids
D)cells
E)nuclear membrane
F)nucleoplasm
G)cell membrane
H)organelles
I)endoplasmic reticulum
J)cilia
Answer: G
Q2) The process by which malignant tumors spread to other parts of the body is called ____________________.
Answer: metastasis
Q3) _____________________ is the diffusion of water or any other solvent molecule through a selective permeable membrane.
Answer: Osmosis
Q4) When a cell increases in size, it is called _____________________.
Answer: hypertrophy
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Chapter 4: Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elastic cartilage is located within the intervertebral discs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Collagen is a white, fibrous protein found in areolar tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following means to kill or destroy?
A)peri
B)-cidal
C)ser
D)-ac
Q4) Connective tissue membranes may be found in the joint cavities and are called synovial membranes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ muscle is a striated, involuntary muscle.
A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
Q6) A(n) ____________________ is the basic structural unit of the body.
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Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The treatment for malignant melanoma is cryosurgery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The dermis is the outermost layer of the skin.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hyperthermia means below normal heat.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which level of burn may not be painful?
A)first-degree burn
B)second-degree burn
C)third-degree burn
D)fourth-degree burn
Q5) Perspiration is 50 percent water, 25 percent salt, and 25 percent organic materials.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ___________________ is a highly contagious fungal infection marked by raised, itchy, circular patches with crusts.
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Chapter 6: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of fractures is the simplest type?
A)compound, or open
B)simple, or closed
C)comminuted
D)greenstick
Q2) Kyphosis is
A)a side-to-side, or lateral, curvature of the spine.
B)an exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine.
C)a humped curvature in the thoracic area of the spine.
Q3) The process in which mineral matter replaces previously formed cartilage is called
Q4) Supina means _____.
A)placing on the back
B)pores in the bone
C)resembling
D)abnormal condition
Q5) The spine consists of small bones called ____________________.
Q6) Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune disease.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A muscle strain is a sustained contraction of the muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cardiac muscle is an example of a voluntary muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nearly ____________________ of our body weight comes from muscles.
Q4) _________________________ occur when there is injury to the muscle tendon in the front of the shin.
Q5) Which of the following would be a recommended initial treatment for a sprain?
A)Wrap the area in ice.
B)Apply ice for 15 minutes on and then 20 minutes off in a cyclic pattern.
C)Alternate ice and heat in a cyclic pattern.
Q6) Muscular dystrophy occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Another name for a muscle spasm is a cramp.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Central Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) also called afferent neurons
A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)associative neurons
D)neurotransmitter
E)one of the four major parts of the brain
F)dura mater
G)arachnoid mater
Q2) Name the three divisions of the nervous system: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q3) _____ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which immune cells attack the myelin sheath of the nerve cell axons.
A)cerebral palsy
B)poliomyelitis
C)multiple sclerosis
D)encephalitis
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is where a message goes from one cell to the next cell.
Q5) ____________________ may be short-term or long-term.
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Chapter 9: Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
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Q1) The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ____________________ and ____________________.
Q2) Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves are strongly influenced by emotion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________________________ is a condition that involves the seventh cranial nerve.
Q4) A nerve composed of fibers that carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain is called a(n) _____ nerve.
A)afferent
B)efferent
C)mixed
D)busy
Q5) There are ____________________ pairs of spinal nerves and ____________________ pairs of cranial nerves.
Q6) ____________________ and ____________________ nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Q7) Inflammation of a nerve or nerve trunk is called ____________________.
11
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Chapter 10: Special Senses
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Q1) Peripheral vision decline may lead to falls and mobility problems as one ages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Receptors on the taste buds send their stimuli through three cranial nerves to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Loud noise heard for too long will damage your hearing. For example, hearing a continuous noise at 100 decibels may damage hearing within how many hours?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)10
Q4) What type of hearing loss results when the ear is blocked by ear wax?
A)conductive hearing loss
B)sensorineural damage
C)mixed hearing loss
Q5) Smell accounts for about _________________________ of what we think we taste.
Q6) ____________________ fit eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is the result of excessively low blood sugar, and it can result in insulin shock.
Q2) Persons with Type II diabetes must take insulin and monitor blood glucose levels daily.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adrenalin is a powerful cardiac stimulant.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland in preadolescence results in _____.
A)gigantism
B)dwarfism
C)Cushing syndrome
D)diabetes mellitus
Q5) The ____________________ glands are located on the top of the kidneys.
Q6) The most common symptom of someone with diabetes insipidus is polydipsia.
A)True
B)False
Q7) ______________________________ is a condition caused by decreased secretion of insulin or the ineffective use of insulin.
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Chapter 12: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of a cellular response to tissue injury is _____.
A)vasodilation
B)swelling
C)neutrophil diapedesis
D)vascular permeability
Q2) Monocytosis is a process that surrounds, engulfs, and digests harmful bacteria.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms, or toxins, in the blood.
A)True
B)False
Q4) White blood cells are known as ____________________.
Q5) ____________________ is necessary for blood clotting.
Q6) A person who has type A- (A negative) blood can receive a transfusion from which of the following?
A)type O+
B)type O-
C)AB-
D)none of them
Q7) The clotting time for humans is ______________________________.
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Chapter 13: Heart
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Q1) The QRS wave of the ECG reading represents _____.
A)the contraction of the atria
B)the contraction of the ventricles
C)the relaxation of the atria
D)the relaxation of the ventricle
Q2) The _____ sends out an electrical impulse that regulates the heartbeat.
A)AV node
B)SA node
C)Purkinje fibers
D)AV bundle
Q3) The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the impact of the blood churning in the chambers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A rapid heartbeat is most accurately called _____.
A)arrhythmia
B)bradycardia
C)tachycardia
D)fibrillation
Q5) The heart is located in the ____________________ cavity.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Circulation and Blood Vessels
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Q1) The pulse point behind the knee is from the _____ artery.
A)temporal
B)radial
C)dorsalis pedis
D)popliteal
Q2) _____ is the death of body tissue as a result of an insufficient blood supply caused by disease or injury.
A)Arteriosclerosis
B)Hemorrhoids
C)Varicose veins
D)Gangrene
Q3) Someone with a blood pressure of 130/90, has a pulse pressure of _____.
A)20
B)40
C)130
D)220
Q4) The ______________________________ brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Q5) The ______________________________ takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
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Q6) Another term used to describe low blood pressure is ____________________.
Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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Q1) serious allergic reaction
A)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
B)anaphylactic shock
C)asthma
D)Hodgkin's disease
E)hypersensitivity
F)infectious mononucleosis
G)lupus
H)lymphadenitis
I)scleroderma
J)tonsillitis
Q2) Hodgkin's disease is usually fatal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a person is infected with a virus, but does not develop symptoms of that virus, the person is said to be ____________________.
Q4) If a person has been fully immunized as a child, there is no need for vaccines during adulthood.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Infection Control and Standard Precautions
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Q1) What is the minimum amount of time that hands should be washed to prevent transmitting infection?
A)5 seconds
B)10 seconds
C)15 seconds
D)20 seconds
Q2) Which of the following is an example of nonspecific immune defense?
A)inoculation
B)skin
C)antibody
D)antigen
Q3) If transmission-based precautions are used, it is not necessary to use standard precautions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ refers to the ability of an organism to produce disease.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Respiratory System
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Q1) increase(s) movement of air in the nasal cavity
A)anterior nares
B)turbinates
C)cilia
D)mucous membrane
E)pharynx
F)alveoli
G)pleural fluid
H)bronchi
I)larynx
J)diaphragm
Q2) If a client has a condition called orthopnea, this means that she _____.
A)experiences painful breathing
B)breathes too slowly to inhale sufficient air
C)breathes rapidly and shallowly
D)has difficulty breathing when he is lying down
Q3) During ____________________, the external intercostals lift the ribs upward and outward; during ____________________, the ribs are pushed downward and inward.
Q4) ____________________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the lungs.
19
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Chapter 18: Digestive System
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Q1) Habitually delaying defecation when the need is present can lead to _____.
A)diarrhea
B)hemorrhoids
C)constipation
D)diverticulosis
Q2) chronic diarrhea
A)gastroesophageal reflux disease
B)hiatal hernia
C)gastric ulcer
D)inflammatory bowel disease
E)hepatitis
F)diverticulitis
G)cholecystitis
H)pyloric stenosis
I)cirrhosis
J)heartburn
Q3) Absorption in the small intestine is possible because its lining is smooth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the
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Chapter 19: Nutrition
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Q1) Carbohydrates are structurally more complex than fats and proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why is it recommended that individuals obtain dietary fiber from foods rather than from supplements?
A)The supplements contain too many extra calories.
B)Fiber in foods is more readily available to the body.
C)To save the calories contained in the food.
D)The foods may contain health benefits in addition to the fiber.
Q3) enables night vision
A)calcium
B)iodine
C)iron
D)potassium
E)zinc
F)vitamin A
G)vitamin B3
H)vitamin B12
I)vitamin E
J)vitamin K
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Chapter 20: Urinary System
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Q1) retention of urinary waste products in the blood
A)oliguria
B)anuria
C)renal calculi
D)hydronephrosis
E)pyelonephritis
F)polyuria
G)cystitis
H)dysuria
I)chronic renal failure
J)uremia
Q2) The term used to describe the limit of reabsorption of a specific substance is the ____________________.
Q3) The process adding certain substances to the urine so they can be excreted from the body is called _____.
A)collection
B)reabsorption
C)secretion
D)urination
Q4) The second step in urine formation is ____________________.
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Chapter 21: Reproductive System
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Q1) All of the inherited traits possessed by offspring are established at the time of fertilization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) During pregnancy, the ____________________ expands to accommodate the growing embryo and a large amount of fluid.
Q3) All living organisms must ____________________ to continue their species.
Q4) infection that causes swelling and pain in the groin and scrotum
A)dysmenorrhea
B)endometriosis
C)menorrhagia
D)toxic shock syndrome
E)epididymitis
F)benign prostatic hypertrophy
G)chlamydia
H)gonorrhea
I)genital herpes
J)trichomoniasis
Q5) The primary sex organs of the female are the ____________________.
Q6) ____________________ means the absence of a menstrual cycle.
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Chapter 22: Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases
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Q1) ____________________ is the term for a change that occurs in the nucleus of gametes, and it is passed on to the next generation.
Q2) Radiation and the chemical benzene are examples of _________________________.
Q3) Interferons are proteins that interfere with virus replication.
A)True
B)False
Q4) missing enzyme causes brain damage that results in mental and motor deterioration
A)phenylketonuria
B)sickle cell anemia
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
E)Huntington's disease
F)cystic fibrosis
G)thalassemia
H)hemophilia
I)Down syndrome
J)Turner's syndrome
Q5) ____________________ is a sex-linked blood disorder passed on the X chromosome.
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