Anatomy and Physiology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology is a foundational course that explores the structure and function of the human body. Students will examine major organ systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, learning how they interact to maintain homeostasis. The course integrates both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives, providing an in-depth understanding of how anatomical structures relate to physiological processes. Laboratory components often include hands-on activities and experiments that reinforce theoretical concepts, preparing students for advanced study in health, medicine, or life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Body Structures and Functions 12th Edition by Ann Senisi Scott
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Structural Units
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Q1) A scratch on the left thigh would best be described as _____.
A)deep
B)superficial
C)internal
D)external
E)b & d f. a & c
Answer: E
Q2) The naval is located in the middle or _____________ region.
Answer: umbilical
Q3) epigastric area
A)pain in the back
B)pain below the right ribs
C)a cut in the lower part of the right arm
D)heartburn
E)stomach cramps
F)right inguinal hernia
Answer: D
Q4) The pubic area can also be referred to as the lower, or ______________, region. Answer: hypogastric
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Living Things
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Q1) The number of elements found naturally in our world is ____________________.
Answer: 92 ninety-two
Q2) Which of the following would best be described as a scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and body structures without the use of radiation?
A)computed axial tomography (CAT, or CT, scan)
B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C)positron emission tomography (PET) scan
D)bone scan
Answer: B
Q3) Molecules known as ______________ ____________ are the building blocks of protein.
Answer: amino acids
Q4) Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are known as ____________ _____________.
Answer: organic compounds
Q5) The number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of ____________.
Answer: electrons
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Q1) What is it called when a cell has the ability to change into another type of cell?
A)metaplasia
B)hyperplasia
C)neoplasia
D)atrophy
Answer: A
Q2) Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) An orderly series of steps in which the DNA in the nucleus of the cell is equally distributed to two daughter nuclei is called _____.
A)meiosis
B)osmosis
C)mitosis
D)scoliosis
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Tissues and Membranes
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Q1) removes waste products of metabolism from the body
A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)digestive
D)respiratory
E)circulatory
F)excretory
G)nervous
H)endocrine
I)reproductive
J)integumentary
Q2) The type of tissue that surrounds various organs and supports nerve and blood vessels is called _____.
A)adipose
B)areolar
C)glandular
D)fibrous
Q3) Granulation occurs in the primary repair of wounds.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Q1) A pressure ulcer (decubitus) that has a skin break through all layers of the skin is classified as stage _____.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
Q2) localized changes in skin color of less than 1 cm
A)papule
B)bulla
C)pustule
D)nodule
E)macule
Q3) A patient who has burns on the entire left arm and entire left leg would have what percentage of body surface burned?
A)9 percent
B)18 percent
C)27 percent
D)36 percent
Q4) A skin lesion characterized by an elevated solid area is called a(n)
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Chapter 6: Skeletal System
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Q1) The average growth in females continues to about ______________________________ years; in males to approximately ______________________________ years.
Q2) disk
A)movable joint
B)immovable joint
C)area between two articular cartilages
D)partially movable joint
E)lining of the articular cartilage
F)example of a pivot joint
G)joint connected by tough fibrous tissue
H)elastic material between vertebrae
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about osteoporosis?
A)It is characterized by bowleggedness.
B)It is a degenerative joint disease.
C)There is low bone mass and structural deterioration.
D)Rheumatologists are taking an integrative medicine approach.
Q4) Osteopathic physicians do not take the same licensing boards as medical doctors.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
Q5) The points of contact between two bones are called ____________________.
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Chapter 7: Muscular System
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Q1) gluteus maximus
A)muscle of facial expression
B)muscle of the trunk
C)muscle of the lower extremity
D)muscle of the upper extremity
Q2) Which of the following would be a recommended initial treatment for a sprain?
A)Wrap the area in ice.
B)Apply ice for 15 minutes on and then 20 minutes off in a cyclic pattern.
C)Alternate ice and heat in a cyclic pattern.
Q3) Muscular dystrophy occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscle is lost.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________________ can occur to muscles that are infrequently used.
Q5) Which of the following would be categorized as a recreational injury?
A)torticollis
B)rotator cuff disease
C)tetanus
Q6) Name the four characteristics of muscles:
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Chapter 8: Central Nervous System
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Q1) diencephalon
A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)associative neurons
D)neurotransmitter
E)one of the four major parts of the brain
F)dura mater
G)arachnoid mater
Q2) Inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord is called _____.
A)encephalitis
B)meningitis
C)poliomyelitis
D)laryngitis
Q3) Which type of neuron emerges from the skin or sense organs and carries messages, or impulses, toward the spinal cord and brain?
A)motor neurons
B)associative neurons
C)sensory neurons
Q4) Name the three parts of the brainstem: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
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Chapter 9: Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
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Q1) ________________________________________ is a condition that affects the median nerve and the flexor tendons that attach to the bones of the wrist.
Q2) A nerve composed of fibers carrying impulses to the brain or spinal cord from muscles or glands is called an efferent nerve.
A)True
B)False
Q3) vestibulocochlear
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Chapter 10: Special Senses
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Q1) Peripheral vision decline may lead to falls and mobility problems as one ages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What type of hearing loss results when the ear is blocked by ear wax?
A)conductive hearing loss
B)sensorineural damage
C)mixed hearing loss
Q3) Another name for a bone of the middle ear is the hammer, or malleus.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hearing aids are viewed as being miraculous by those who wear them, as they restore normal hearing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Growths in the nasal cavity associated with rhinitis are called _________________________.
Q6) The wall of the eye is made up of three layers: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q7) ____________________ is a condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes cloudy.
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Chapter 11: Endocrine System
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Q1) Our bodies need to coordinate and integrate all of their functions into one harmonious whole to maintain homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The hormone that controls the calcium ion concentration in the body is called
Q3) Persons with Type II diabetes must take insulin and monitor blood glucose levels daily.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland in preadolescence results in _____.
A)gigantism
B)dwarfism
C)Cushing syndrome
D)diabetes mellitus
Q5) Which of the following glands is both a endocrine gland and lymphatic organ?
A)thymus
B)thyroid
C)pineal
D)pancreas
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Blood
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Q1) Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in someone who is immobile?
A)embolism
B)thrombosis
C)hematoma
Q2) many
A)an
B)edema
C)emia
D)poiesis
E)leuko
F)thrombo
G)gen
H)patho
I)mono
J)poly
Q3) Name the four types of blood:
Q4) A person with type O negative blood is considered a(n)
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Chapter 13: Heart
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Q1) Hypotension is a risk factor for heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following lab results would be least likely to contribute to the development of heart disease?
A)cholesterol 250
B)LDL 150
C)HDL 150
D)triglycerides 190
Q3) Invasive procedures are those that do not penetrate the skin or a body cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Blood leaves the heart through ____________________ and returns by ____________________.
Q5) The adult human heart weighs less than one pound.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A device that shocks the heart to return it to a normal rhythm is called a(n)
Q7) The term used to describe a slow heart rate is____________________.
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Chapter 14: Circulation and Blood Vessels
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Q1) Hypotension is usually a systolic reading under A)80
B)90
C)100
D)110
Q2) paralysis on one side of the body
A)hemiplegia
B)arteriole
C)dysphasia
D)hypoperfusion
E)cyanosis
F)phlebitis
G)vascular
H)atherosclerosis
I)arteriosclerosis
J)tunica adventitia
Q3) The ______________________________ brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Q4) Arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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Q1) How does inoculation protect the body against infectious diseases?
A)Booster substances are injected to increase the strength of the immune system.
B)The antibody for a specific infection is injected to be available to defend the body.
C)Small amounts of disease-causing substances are injected to stimulate the body to produce antibodies.
Q2) serious, usually fatal, disease caused by suppression of the immune system
A)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
B)anaphylactic shock
C)asthma
D)Hodgkin's disease
E)hypersensitivity
F)infectious mononucleosis
G)lupus
H)lymphadenitis
I)scleroderma
J)tonsillitis
Q3) There are three pairs of tonsils named ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.
Q4) A severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction is called ____________________.
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Chapter 16: Infection Control and Standard Precautions
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Q1) Most microorganisms have the ability to cause disease in humans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Infection from ____________________ is spread through the bites of fleas, tick, mites, and lice.
Q3) Which of the following microorganisms must live inside the cell of another organism in order to secure nourishment and reproduce?
A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)protozoa
D)viruses
Q4) Certain bacteria have been designated as "super bugs" because they _____.
A)are easy to transmit and, therefore, are favored by bioterrorists.
B)cause especially serious respiratory infections.
C)are resistant to even very powerful antibiotics.
D)are spread globally by travelers.
Q5) The virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Respiratory System
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Q1) Sound is produced by air being expelled from the lungs and passed over the larynx.
A)True
B)False
Q2) expand(s) and relax(es) to change of pressure in chest cavity
A)anterior nares
B)turbinates
C)cilia
D)mucous membrane
E)pharynx
F)alveoli
G)pleural fluid
H)bronchi
I)larynx
J)diaphragm
Q3) The most difficult part of breathing for individuals with emphysema is inhaling sufficient amounts of air.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the lungs.
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Chapter 18: Digestive System
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Q1) backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus
A)gastroesophageal reflux disease
B)hiatal hernia
C)gastric ulcer
D)inflammatory bowel disease
E)hepatitis
F)diverticulitis
G)cholecystitis
H)pyloric stenosis
I)cirrhosis
J)heartburn
Q2) Bacteria in the large intestine is an unnatural condition that can lead to infection.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The nerves and blood supply of the teeth are contained in the _____.
A)periodontal membrane
B)gingiva
C)dentin
D)pulp cavity
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Chapter 19: Nutrition
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Q1) It is essential to eat some form of meat, fish, or poultry each day to receive the proper amounts of protein.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The abbreviation for the type of cholesterol that removes fat from cells is _____.
A)LDL
B)VLDL
C)HDL
D)VHDL
Q3) ____________________ is/are found only in plant foods such as whole grain breads, cereals, and fruits.
Q4) A normal adult usually requires between 1,600 and 3,000 calories a day, depending on age, sex, body weight, and degree of physical activity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ play(s) a major role in the growth and repair of tissue.
Q6) ____________________ has/have twice as many calories as the other calorie-containing nutrients.
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Chapter 20: Urinary System
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Q1) stones formed in the kidney
A)oliguria
B)anuria
C)renal calculi
D)hydronephrosis
E)pyelonephritis
F)polyuria
G)cystitis
H)dysuria
I)chronic renal failure
J)uremia
Q2) The term used to describe getting up during the night to urinate is _____.
A)nocturia
B)polyuria
C)pyuria
D)oliguria
Q3) Urine is moved down the ureters by means of gravity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The laboratory examination of urine is called ____________________.
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Chapter 21: Reproductive System
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Q1) Which of the following occurs during the follicle stage of the menstrual cycle?
A)An ovary releases an ovum.
B)The endometrium begins to shed.
C)FSH is released from the pituitary gland.
D)A mature follicle ruptures.
Q2) Testosterone is secreted as needed for the creation of sperm in the male.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most common form of cancer in females, other than skin cancer, is of the ____________________.
Q4) The primary sex organs of the male are the ____________________.
Q5) Most cancers of the prostate involve fast-growing cells forming tumors that must be removed surgically.
A)True B)False
Q6) The prostate gland is about the size and shape of a pear. A)True B)False
Q7) ____________________ is the term given to the process that ends the female's reproductive years.
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Chapter 22: Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases
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Q1) metabolic disorder that disrupts normal brain development
A)phenylketonuria
B)sickle cell anemia
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
E)Huntington's disease
F)cystic fibrosis
G)thalassemia
H)hemophilia
I)Down syndrome
J)Turner's syndrome
Q2) Cures have been discovered for most serious genetic disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is estimated that everyone carries two or three recessive ____________________ genes.
Q4) Most inherited mutated genes pass on a beneficial characteristic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Radiation and the chemical benzene are examples of
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