Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of the human body, with a special emphasis on concepts relevant to nursing practice. The course explores the organization of the body, major body systems including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems and their interrelationships in maintaining health. Students will develop a foundational understanding of normal physiological processes, enabling them to better assess, monitor, and care for patients across the lifespan. Integrating theory with clinical relevance, this course serves as a crucial basis for advanced nursing skills and clinical decision-making.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 12th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb
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16 Chapters
2217 Verified Questions
2217 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region.
A) hypogastric (pubic)
B) right hypochondriac
C) right lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
Answer: A
Q3) Which body cavity is included in the dorsal cavity?
A) thoracic cavity
B) spinal cavity
C) nasal cavity
D) orbital cavity
E) abdominopelvic cavity
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The atomic mass number does not include these subatomic particles in the calculation.
A)Proton
B)Neutron
C)Electron
Answer: C
Q2) Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms.
A) peptide
B) double
C) triple
D) monosaccharide
Answer: B
Q3) Discuss radioisotopes and explain why they are studied in anatomy and physiology.
Answer: Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of heavier elements that tend to decompose to become more stable. Recall that isotopes are structural variations of an element that vary by their neutron number. Radioisotopes are used to tag biological molecules so they can be followed or traced through the human body. Radioisotopes are valuable tools in medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: B
Q3) Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your 70-year-old grandfather shows signs of loss of hair and some baldness. What age-related disorder do you suspect is the cause?
A) psoriasis
B) lanugo
C) male pattern baldness
D) dermatitis
E) milia
Q2) What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin?
A) oil gland
B) salivary gland
C) eccrine gland
D) sebaceous gland
E) apocrine gland
Q3) Type of membrane adapted for absorption or secretion
A)mucous membrane
B)synovial membrane
C)cutaneous membrane
D)serous membrane
Q4) Explain how the skin functions to protect deeper tissues from microbe damage.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains
A) cartilage and lamellae
B) osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C) yellow marrow and perforating, or Sharpey's, fibers
D) blood vessels and nerve fibers
E) red marrow
Q5) Sternum
A)appendicular skeleton
B)axial skeleton
Q6) List and explain the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depolarization of a skeletal muscle cell leads to the opening of more channels that only allow potassium entry.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Type of movement that allows you to carry a soup bowl
A)inversion
B)flexion
C)rotation
D)supination
E)abduction
F)adduction
G)plantar flexion
H)extension
Q3) Which muscle helps compress the abdominal contents during defecation or childbirth?
A) internal intercostals
B) deltoids
C) trapezius
D) iliopsoas
E) rectus abdominis
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Constricts bronchioles of respiratory passageways
A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
Q2) The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division since the preganglionic neurons originate in the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which one of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going from the outermost to the innermost layer?
A) epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium
B) epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
C) perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium
D) perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium
E) endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium
Q4) The withdrawal, or flexor, reflex is one of the only voluntary reflexes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how the signs of a contusion differ from those of a concussion.
Q6) List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Special Senses
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Location of ceruminous glands
A)outer ear
B)inner ear
C)middle ear
Q3) The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.
A) taste
B) smell
C) vision
D) hearing
E) touch
Q4) Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
A) cupula
B) vestibule
C) semicircular canals
D) vestibular nerve
E) tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acromegaly is a condition that results from the hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH)
B) prolactin (PRL)
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)
Q3) Hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are prodded by hormonal stimuli.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the three cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus.
Q5) Glucagon acts as an antagonist (opposite) to insulin.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Blood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________.
A) polycythemia
B) leukemia
C) anemia
D) leukocytosis
Q2) The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________.
A) hematopoiesis
B) erythropoiesis
C) homeostasis
D) hemostasis
Q3) Explain agglutination as it relates to blood groups.
Q4) Type of cell that is shaped like a biconcave disc
A)leukocyte
B)erythrocyte
C)platelet
Q5) Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis
A)leukocyte
B)erythrocyte
C)platelet
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
A) opening of the heart valves
B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
C) blood rushing through the chambers
D) closure of heart valves
E) contraction of the heart
Q2) Describe how arteries, capillaries and veins are structurally different.
Q3) Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A) pulmonary semilunar valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) bicuspid (mitral) valve
D) aortic semilunar valve
Q4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Q5) Explain what is meant by a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg.
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Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding
A)keratin
B)perforins
C)interferon
D)antibody
E)pyrogen
F)cytokines
G)antigen
Q2) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________.
A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity)
B) complement fixation
C) positive chemotaxis
D) diapedesis
Q3) Antigen presentation is essential for the activation of clonal selection of T cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the origin and pathway of lymph.
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading
A)external respiration
B)pulmonary ventilation
C)respiratory gas transport
D)internal respiration
Q2) Which inspiratory muscles contract so we can inspire air?
A) rectus abdominis; external obliques
B) diaphragm; external intercostals
C) trapezius; latissimus dorsi
D) diaphragm; external obliques
Q3) The right main (primary) bronchus is indicated by ________.
A) Label H
B) Label I
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label F
Q4) People who experience hypoxia produce characteristic signs of cyanosis and respiratory distress.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The eight essential amino acids are ones the body cannot make and must be consumed through our diet.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________.
A) vestibule
B) uvula
C) labia
D) oral cavity proper
E) lingual frenulum
Q3) The lacy apron of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the lesser omentum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine?
A) pancreas, gallbladder and spleen
B) appendix and Peyer's patches
C) liver, gallbladder and pancreas
D) cecum and appendix
E) spleen, gallbladder and liver
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Chapter 15: The Urinary System
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urinary bladder is able to expand as urine accumulates within it due to the presence of a specialized mucosa called ________.
A) simple squamous epithelium
B) transitional epithelium
C) stratified squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified epithelium
E) sphincters
Q2) About two-thirds of body fluid is found within living cells; this fluid is called the ________.
A) lymph
B) plasma
C) extracellular fluid or ECF
D) intracellular fluid or ICF
Q3) Explain how tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are nearly opposite processes.
Q4) Explain the renin-angiotensin mechanism as a method to maintain blood pressure homeostasis.
Q5) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes the movement of water from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries
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Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which primary germ layer gives rise to the mucosae and associated glands?
A) ectoderm
B) blastocyst
C) mesoderm
D) endoderm
E) morula
Q2) The placenta is usually functioning to deliver nutrients and oxygen to, and remove waste from, the embryonic blood by the ________ week of pregnancy.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth
Q3) The clitoris is indicated by ________.
A) Label C
B) Label I
C) Label G
D) Label F
E) Label H
Q4) Describe the process of spermatogenesis.
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