Anatomy and Physiology for Non-Majors
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology for Non-Majors offers a comprehensive overview of the human bodys structure and functions tailored for students without an extensive background in biological sciences. The course explores fundamental concepts such as organ systems, homeostasis, cell structure, and basic physiological processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding how different systems interact to maintain health, with practical examples relevant to everyday life and various professions. This approachable introduction helps students appreciate the complexity of the human body while building a strong foundation for further studies in health-related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Visualizing Human Biology 4th Edition by Kathleen A. Ireland
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Chapter 1: What Is Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the materials best represents the presence of life?
A)Carbon
B)Water
C)DNA
D)Oxygen Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is the smallest unit of life?
A)Organism
B)Organ system
C)Organ
D)Cell
Answer: D
Q3) Plants synthesizing compounds by means of solar power is an example of the characteristic of requiring energy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter
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Q1) Primates are characterized by:
A)an opposable thumb.
B)bipedal stance.
C)complex speech communication.
D)enlarged brain case.
Answer: A
Q2) Homo habilis can be distinguished from A.afarensis due to:
A)a swift gait.
B)the ability to make and use tools.
C)narrow hips.
D)extended infant development.
Answer: B
Q3) A niche is described as an organism's:
A)location.
B)range.
C)habitat.
D)"job" in a community.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Life Has a Unique Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which collection of elements are the most common in living organisms?
A)Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
B)Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon
C)Carbon, hydrogen, neon, and nitrogen
D)Oxygen, hydrogen, neon, and sulfur
Answer: A
Q2) Ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following would dissolve most easily in water?
A)Fat
B)Salt
C)Oil
D)Butter
Answer: B
Q4) Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Organization and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) What form of transport uses energy and moves molecules against or "up" their concentration gradient?
A)Passive transport
B)Osmosis
C)Diffusion
D)Active transport
Q2) After vesicles are created in the endoplasmic reticulum,they usually:
A)fuse with the lysosome and digest its vesicular contents.
B)migrate to the cell membrane to release their contents.
C)fuse with the mitochondrion to provide fuel for ATP production.
D)fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents.
Q3) In which of the following organelles is DNA found?
A)Golgi body
B)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)Lysosome
D)Nucleus
Q4) Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which substances from the surrounding fluid move into the cell.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many abdominopelvic regions are there?
A)1
B)2
C)4
D)9
Q2) Which connective tissue is responsible for cellulite "bumps" on the skin?
A)Blood
B)Adipose
C)Cartilage
D)Dense connective
Q3) The arm is ___________ to the forearm.
A)proximal
B)distal
C)superior
D)inferior
Q4) The cells of connective tissue are held close together by strong cell-to-cell attachments.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Skeletomuscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most mobile of the synovial joints is the:
A)elbow.
B)knee.
C)shoulder.
D)hip.
Q2) The inside of the shaft of a long bone is filled with:
A)spongy bone.
B)cartilage.
C)bone marrow.
D)synovial fluid.
Q3) Where are the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments found?
A)Outside the knee joint
B)Inside the knee joint
C)Outside the shoulder joint
D)Inside the shoulder joint
Q4) Exercise:
A)strengthens muscles.
B)strengthens bones.
C)strengthens muscles and bones.
D)strengthens the attachments between muscles and bones.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of cell cleans up cellular debris and pathogens in the nervous system?
A)Microglia
B)Schwann cell
C)Astrocyte
D)Ependymal cell
Q2) Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
A)Autonomic nervous system
B)Somatic nervous system
C)Central nervous system
D)Peripheral nervous system
Q3) How many cranial nerves are there?
A)5
B)10
C)12
D)31
Q4) All potassium channels are voltage regulated on the neuron membrane.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where do our tears originate?
A)Lacrimal punctae
B)Canals of Schlemm
C)Eyelid
D)Lacrimal gland
Q2) The four taste qualities are sweet,sour,salty,and spicy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Olfaction occurs in the upper roof of the mouth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is the organ of hearing?
A)Semicircular canal
B)Vestibule
C)Organ of Corti
D)Tympanic membrane
Q5) As the eye accommodates for near vision,the ciliary body contracts releasing tension on the lens causing it to bulge.
A)True
B)False
10
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Chapter 9: Immunity and the Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the most common type of antibody?
A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
Q2) Fever increases the activity of the cells of the immune system to aid in a quicker recovery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which plasma proteins come together in a specific order to destroy invading bacteria?
A)Fever
B)Interferon
C)Inflammation
D)Complement
Q4) Which of the following cells is stimulated by UV radiation?
A)Adipose cell
B)Meissner cell
C)Keratinocyte
D)Melanocyte
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Chapter 10: Infectious Disease and Epidemiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) An in depth analyses of one patient is called:
A)a cohort study.
B)an outbreak investigation.
C)a pandemic.
D)a case study.
Q2) Which of the following is a way bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A)Bacteria incorporate the antibiotic into the cell wall.
B)Bacteria use the antibiotic as an energy source.
C)Bacterium produces enzymes that destroy the antibiotic.
D)Bacterial flagella allow them to escape the antibiotic.
Q3) The plague has been eradicated in America thanks to the efforts of the WHO.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A cohort control study is which step in the scientific method?
A)Hypothesis
B)Experiment
C)Analysis
D)Observation
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Chapter 11: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oncogenes are found in:
A)healthy cells.
B)cells that have undergone apoptosis.
C)cancer cells.
D)specialized cells.
Q2) When the normal regulation of cell growth fails the result is:
A)abnormal nuclei and damaged DNA.
B)contact inhibition.
C)shortened chromosome ends.
D)programmed cell death.
Q3) The majority of skin cancers are caused by:
A)ionizing radiation.
B)radon.
C)power lines.
D)non-ionizing radiation.
Q4) A tumor is considered malignant:
A)when it is in situ.
B)if it is invasive and spreads.
C)if cells pile on top of each other.
D)if cells avoid apoptosis.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does Starling's law relate to the heart?
A)Our heart beats faster during extreme stress.
B)Blood pressure increases due to contraction of blood vessels.
C)Less oxygen in the blood will increase the heart rate.
D)The heart beats with more force when there is an increase in blood volume returning to the heart.
Q2) Which type of circulation sends nutrient rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver?
A)Coronary
B)Portal
C)Pulmonary
D)Systemic
Q3) A weak spot in a blood vessel that could potentially burst is known as a(n): A)aneurysm.
B)plaque.
C)myocardial infarction.
D)edema.
Q4) Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Respiratory System: Movement of Air
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Q1) Exhalation is a passive process unless we must forcibly exhale.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tuberculosis is on the rise again because antibiotic-resistant,tubercular bacterial strains have now appeared.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The pharynx is also known as the throat.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chemoreceptors in the carotid artery and aorta detect:
A)levels of oxygen only.
B)levels of carbon dioxide only.
C)levels of carbon monoxide only.
D)levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Q5) The pH of the blood is influenced by the concentration of:
A)oxygen in the blood.
B)RBCs in the blood.
C)carbon dioxide in the blood.
D)carbon dioxide in the lungs.
15
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Chapter 14: Nutrition: You Are What You Eat
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Sample Questions
Q1) 66 % of this micronutrient is found in hemoglobin and is vital to the proper functioning of the electron transport chain.
A)Iodine
B)Calcium
C)Protein
D)Iron
Q2) Which fat type would be the best for your health?
A)Trans fat
B)Lipoprotein
C)Saturated fat
D)Unsaturated fat
Q3) A saturated fat:
A)is liquid at room temperature.
B)has no double bonds.
C)has one double bond.
D)is derived from vegetables.
Q4) The only way to obtain all of the essential amino acids is to eat meat.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where is pepsin produced?
A)Salivary glands
B)Stomach
C)Liver
D)Pancreas
Q2) The stomach is involved only in chemical digestion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the purpose of the acidic conditions of the stomach?
A)It is necessary to absorb vitamin B .
B)The acid digests the protein.
C)It activates pepsin and kills microbes.
D)The acid creates small holes called gastric pits, which release the digestive enzymes of the stomach.
Q4) What is the purpose of mixing waves in the stomach?
A)Stimulation of small intestine
B)Initiation of the ejection of digestive enzymes
C)Mixing gastric juices with bolus
D)Reverse peristalsis
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone directly affects the permeability of the collecting duct to water?
A)ANP
B)ADH
C)BNP
D)Aldosterone
Q2) Each kidney has millions more nephrons than it needs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
A)Filtration
B)Water reasborption
C)Secretion of sodium ions
D)Secretion of potassium ions
Q4) Breakdown products of drugs are secreted into the filtrate at the DCT.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Urinalysis can produce false positive results for certain drugs because it does not test for the specific drug but rather the breakdown products.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Endocrine System and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insulin is secreted by:
A)alpha cells.
B)beta cells.
C)delta cells.
D)target cells.
Q2) Parathyroid hormone works with _____________ in maintaining blood calcium homeostasis.
A)vitamin B
B)calcitonin
C)T4
D)aldosterone
Q3) Elevated PTH:
A)leads to muscle spasms.
B)can causes soft bones.
C)leads to low levels of blood calcium.
D)can lead to Cushing's disease.
Q4) Androgens produced by the testes are examples of steroid hormones.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive Systems: Maintaining the Species
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Q1) The vagina is an inhospitable environment for sperm because of its acidic conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which hormone causes the breasts to swell during the last weeks of pregnancy?
A)Oxytocin
B)GnRH
C)Prolactin
D)LH
Q3) Repeated exposure to heat such as sitting in a hot tub can lead to temporary male sterility.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The function of the reproductive system is:
A)triggering puberty.
B)stimulating secondary sex characteristics.
C)forming gametes.
D)all of these choices.
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Chapter 19: Pregnancy: Development From Conception to Newborn
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Q1) Sperm must penetrate the _______________,the outer layer of the ovum,in order to fertilize it.
A)corona radiata
B)trophoblast
C)zona pellucida
D)reticular layer
Q2) The epidermis,nervous system,and adrenal medulla emerge from the:
A)endoderm.
B)mesoderm.
C)ectoderm.
D)epithelium.
Q3) The trophoblast assists in implantation by digesting the endometrium.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Once the baby's head pushes through the vagina,the body follows quickly.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The fetal stage refers to the period immediately following birth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology
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Q1) Human traits are complicated because many are polygenic which means the trait is influenced by many genes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a trait is located on the X chromosome,why do males exhibit the trait all the time?
A)Males have two X chromosomes.
B)Males have two Y chromosomes.
C)Males have only one X chromosome.
D)Males have only one Y chromosome.
Q3) Which of the following disorders matches these symptoms: lack of coordination,poor memory,lack of fine motor control?
A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Turner syndrome
D)Huntington's disease
Q4) The specific alleles carried on the chromosomes constitute the individuals phenotype.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Populations Evolve in Ecosystems
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Q1) The concentrations of which two chemicals is particularly high in raw sewage?
A)Argon and nitrogen
B)Helium and carbon
C)Carbon and argon
D)Nitrogen and phosphorus
Q2) Humans are most accurately described as:
A)primary producers.
B)primary consumer.
C)tertiary autotrophs.
D)quarternary consumers.
Q3) If you did not mow and manicure the grass of your back yard lawn,the "weeds" you try to keep out would eventually take over the grass as the dominant population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What should be true about the DNA of closely related species?
A)Very different
B)Identical
C)At least 20% similarity
D)Nearly identical
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