Anatomy and Physiology for Healthcare Solved
Exam Questions
Course
Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the human body, focusing on anatomical terminology, major organ systems, and physiological processes relevant to healthcare. Students will explore the interrelationships between body systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis, with an emphasis on clinical applications and common health conditions. The curriculum integrates foundational scientific concepts with practical knowledge, preparing learners to apply anatomical and physiological principles in various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Disease 6th Edition by Patton
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25 Chapters
3620 Verified Questions
3620 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) One method the body has of maintaining homeostasis is a positive feedback loop.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Frontal and coronal sections refer to the same thing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) toward the back
A)superior
B)anterior
C)medial
D)proximal
E)superficial
F)inferior
G)posterior
H)lateral
I)distal
J)deep
Answer: G
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The process of dehydration synthesis makes bigger molecules from smaller molecules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) lipid that is composed of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
A)carbohydrates
B)triglycerides
C)phospholipids
D)cholesterol
E)proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA
Answer: B
Q4) Describe the three types of lipids and give the function of each.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the role of ion pumps in both cystic fibrosis and cholera.
Answer: Ion pumps play a crucial role in both cystic fibrosis and cholera by regulating the movement of ions across cell membranes. In cystic fibrosis, a mutation in the CFTR gene leads to the malfunction of ion pumps, specifically the chloride ion pump. This results in the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system, leading to respiratory and digestive problems.
On the other hand, in cholera, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that affects ion pumps in the cells lining the small intestine. This toxin causes the ion pumps to continuously release chloride ions into the intestine, leading to a massive loss of water and electrolytes, resulting in severe diarrhea and dehydration.
In both cases, the malfunction of ion pumps disrupts the normal balance of ions and water in the body, leading to serious health issues. Understanding the role of ion pumps in these diseases is crucial for developing effective treatments and therapies.
Q2) What is a gene?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diana is 5 feet,4 inches tall and weighs 125 pounds.She appears very healthy and fit,yet her doctor advised her that she is over-fat.What might be the explanation for this assessment?
Q2) Name and describe the four types of tissues in the body.Give an example of each.
Q3) covers the body and many of its parts
A)epithelial tissue
B)connective tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)nervous tissue
Q4) Epithelial tissue can be classified based on the shape of the cells.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The building block of bone tissue is called an osteon.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do exocrine glands secrete their products?
Q7) Goblet cells are found in squamous epithelial tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Why is blood considered to be the most unusual type of connective tissue?
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Chapter 5: Organ Systems of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
A) stomach
B) liver
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
Q2) In the male reproductive system,the gonads are the testes; in the female,the gonads are the ovaries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A cochlear implant is a device that aids in hearing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because the function of an organ is so specific,it can be part of only one organ system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Hormones are produced by the ductless glands of the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List the structures and explain the function of the lymphatic system.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) A collection of signs and symptoms of a disease can be called a syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The spread of Lyme disease by a tick is an example of a disease spread by an arthropod vector.
A)True
B)False
Q3) a disease that is native to a local region
A)sign
B)symptoms
C)syndrome
D)etiology
E)idiopathic
F)pathogenesis
G)latent stage
H)endemic
I)epidemic
J)pandemic
Q4) List and explain the risk factors of disease discussed in this chapter.Which risk factors are capable of being avoided?
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Chapter 7: The Integumentary System and Body
Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The temperature regulating function of the skin can only be accomplished by a high concentration of blood vessels in the skin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The stratum germinativum allows injury to the skin to heal rapidly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mucocutaneous junctions are the meeting place of two epithelial membranes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the causes of acne and give some possible treatments for the condition.
Q5) The hypodermis is another term for the epidermis.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?
A) helps insulate the body
B) contains receptors for deep pressure touch
C) can be used as an energy source
D) helps protect the underlying tissue
Q7) Describe the four types of skin cancer identified in the chapter. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 8: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with what condition go through episodes of "frenzied" bone resorption and bone growth?
A) rickets
B) osteomalacia
C) osteoporosis
D) Paget disease
Q2) The structural unit of compact bone is called the
A) lamella
B) canaliculus
C) osteon
D) trabecula
Q3) Trabeculae and osteons have similar functions in the two types of bone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Long bones have one diaphysis and two epiphyses.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All bones begin as cartilage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trying to lift a 500-pound weight would result in what type of muscle contraction?
A) isometric
B) twitch
C) isotonic
D) both A and B
Q2) movement that directs the bottom of the foot downward so you are standing on your toes
A)flexion
B)extension
C)abduction
D)adduction
E)supination
F)pronation
G)rotation
H)plantar flexion
I)dorsiflexion
Q3) The thin myofilaments in a skeletal muscle are composed of actin.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) a shallow groove in the outer surface of the cerebrum
A)midbrain
B)spinal cord
C)medulla oblongata
D)thalamus
E)hypothalamus
F)cerebellum
G)sulcus
H)corpus callosum
I)cerebrum
J)gyrus
K)basal ganglia
Q2) If a person never had chickenpox,it is less likely that he or she will ever have
A) sciatica
B) shingles
C) Bell palsy
D) trigeminal neuralgia
Q3) Explain the symptoms and causes of trigeminal neuralgia and Bell palsy.
Q4) Describe the structure,location,and functions of the thalamus.
Q5) Explain the structure and function of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Chapter 11: The Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proprioceptors respond to stimuli from inside the body rather than from outside the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The last part of the visual pathway exists in the brain,not in the eye.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Another name for "ringing in the ear" is otitis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The external ear ends at the
A) auricle
B) tympanic membrane
C) external auditory canal
D) tragus
Q5) Because color blindness is an inherited trait carried on the X chromosome,it is more common in women because they have two X chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Distinguish between a general sense organ and a special sense organ.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) receptor site for this type of hormone is inside the nucleus of the cell
A)endocrine gland
B)negative feedback
C)target organ cell
D)steroid hormone
E)prostaglandin
F)exocrine gland
G)nonsteroid hormone
H)cyclic AMP
I)positive feedback
Q2) Acromegaly is caused by
A) hypersecretion of ACTH
B) hyposecretion of ACTH
C) hypersecretion of growth hormone
D) hyposecretion of growth hormone
Q3) Thyroxine contains more iodine than triiodothyronine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the symptoms and causes of Cushing syndrome and Addison disease.
Q5) Explain the function of mineralocorticoids.
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Chapter 13: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) One sign of infection in the body is an increase in the number of white blood cells.A doctor would be concerned about an infection if the white blood cell numbers were which of the following?
A) 1000/mm3
B) 4000/mm3
C) 7000/mm3
D) None of these values indicate an infection.
Q2) Oxyhemoglobin and carbaminohemoglobin are names given to hemoglobin when it is transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide,respectively.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most adult leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Infectious mononucleosis is usually caused by a virus.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the four major blood types and explain the types of antigen and antibodies in each type.
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Chapter 14: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because the atria set the pace for the heartbeat,atrial fibrillation is much more life threatening than ventricular fibrillation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In AV node heart block,there is no relationship between the P wave and the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The right and left coronary arteries are the first branch of the aorta.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A heart rate of 110 beats per minute indicates tachycardia.
A)True B)False
Q5) Unlike most veins,the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the conduction system of the heart.
Q7) Name the four valves of the heart and give the function of each.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: The Circulation of the Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tunica externa is much thicker in the arteries,which enables them to deal with the higher blood pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of shock results from a loss of sympathetic impulses sent to the smooth muscles of the blood vessels?
A) cardiogenic shock
B) neurogenic shock
C) anaphylactic shock
D) septic shock
Q3) Which blood vessel carries blood toward the capillaries?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) venules
D) both A and B
Q4) Because of the expansion of the lungs,deep breathing hinders the return of blood to the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is an aneurysm?
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Chapter 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) an abnormal condition in which tissue exhibits swelling due to an accumulation of lymph
A)autoimmunity
B)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
C)lymphedema
D)isoimmunity
E)anaphylactic shock
F)elephantiasis
G)systemic lupus erythematosus
H)urticaria
I)contact dermatitis
J)lymphangitis
Q2) The thymus is located in the neck and is important in the development of B cells after birth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The main difference between active and passive immunity is the location in which the antibodies are formed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the symptoms and causes of pneumonia and tuberculosis.
Q2) Explain the symptoms and causes of chronic bronchitis.
Q3) External nares is another name for nostrils.
A)True
B)False
Q4) structures in which gas exchange between the blood and air in the lungs takes place
A)pharynx
B)bronchi
C)alveoli
D)respiratory mucosa
E)respiratory membrane
F)bronchioles
G)lung
H)trachea
I)pleura
J)larynx
Q5) Name and explain four types of breathing explained in the chapter.
Q6) Explain how the structure of the alveoli increases the efficiency of gas exchange in the lung.
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Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is hepatitis and what are some possible causes? What is cirrhosis and what are some possible causes?
Q2) The soft palate and the frenulum prevent food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Both diarrhea and constipation are peristalsis problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fat digestion begins in the
A) mouth
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
Q5) Bacteria in the large intestine make vitamin B?? for the body.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Trypsin would be considered a protease.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The liver makes the plasma proteins albumin and fibrinogen,both of which are important in blood clot formation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) the last process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the mitochondria and produces
ATP
A)glycolysis
B)glycogenesis
C)catabolism
D)mineral
E)ATP
F)assimilation
G)TMR
H)citric acid cycle
I)anabolism
J)glucose
K)electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)vitamin
Q3) Explain the process of glucose anabolism.Where does it occur?
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Chapter 20: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A failure in resorption causes glycosuria.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Urinalysis is the physical,chemical,and microscopic examination of urine.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The tube that carries urine out of the kidney is called the
A) urethra
B) collecting tube
C) ureter
D) bladder
Q4) Both ADH and aldosterone tend to decrease the amount of material resorbed back into the blood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The bladder emptying reflex causes contraction of the muscle of the bladder and relaxation of the two sphincter muscles.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the three stages in chronic renal failure.
Page 23
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Chapter 21: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because they have the lowest percentage of body water,the elderly are most at risk for severe dehydration resulting from vomiting or diarrhea than any other age-group.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is more fluid inside the cells of the body than outside the cells of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When NaCl is dissolved in water,it dissociates into ions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because they have the smallest amount of water in their body,babies are most at risk for severe dehydration resulting from vomiting or diarrhea than any other age-group.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the sources of water for the body and the ways in which water can be lost from the body.
Q6) Explain the mechanism by which aldosterone helps maintain fluid homeostasis.
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Chapter 22: Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the buffer system functions to buffer a strong base.
Q2) condition that is caused by a carbonic acid excess
A)buffer
B)metabolic acidosis
C)acid solution
D)respiratory alkalosis
E)respiratory system
F)metabolic alkalosis
G)alkaline solution
H)kidney system
I)respiratory acidosis
J)neutral solution
Q3) Venous blood is the body fluid with the highest pH.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If one solution has a pH of 5 and a second solution has 10 times more H<sup>+</sup> ions than the first solution,what would the pH level of the second solution be?
Q5) What two pH regulating systems are referred to as physiological pH control mechanisms?
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Chapter 23: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) part of the testes that produces testosterone
A)seminiferous tubules
B)seminal vesicles
C)interstitial cells
D)scrotum
E)testes
F)ductus deferens
G)prostate gland
H)sperm cell
I)epididymis
J)tunica albuginea
K)corpus spongiosum
Q2) After ovulation,the ruptured follicle is transformed into the hormone-secreting structure called the
A) corpus luteum
B) antrum
C) graafian follicle
D) granulose cells
Q3) Describe the structure and location of the testes.
Q4) Explain the functions of estrogen and progesterone.
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Chapter 24: Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Puerperal fever is considered a postpartum disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The stimulus for a baby's first breath is the lack of oxygen coming through the umbilical cord.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The morula would be made exclusively of stem cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The mesoderm forms the muscles of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall after 20 weeks' gestation is a condition called
A) placenta previa
B) abruptio placentae
C) ectopic pregnancy
D) preeclampsia
Q6) Describe the events that occur in the three stages of labor.
Page 27
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Chapter 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human genome contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a pedigree.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percent of DNA carries functional genes?
A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%
Q4) What is a pedigree? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.
Q5) Which of the following does not describe a gene?
A) a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases
B) used to transcribe a specific mRNA molecule
C) used to determine the structure of regulatory enzymes for the cell
D) All of the above describe a gene.
Q6) Explain how genes control the activity of a cell.
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