Anatomy and Physiology for Health Sciences Study
Guide Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of human anatomy and physiology tailored for health science students. It examines the structures and functions of major organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationships among systems and the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Through laboratory and theoretical components, students gain foundational knowledge essential for understanding disease processes, clinical practices, and the physiological basis of health and wellness.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the synovial membrane. The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the meninges.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The gallbladder and spleen are contralateral to each other.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which system are the testes part of?
A)Urinary
B)Cardiovascular
C)Reproductive
D)Nervous
Answer: C
Q4) Distinguish between anatomy and physiology,and then explain how they are related.
Answer: Whereas anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts,physiology is the study of the functioning of body parts.Anatomy and physiology are closely related in that the structure of any body part suits its function.
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main molecule that provides the energy to produce ATP?
A)Phosphate
B)Glucose
C)RNA
D)Uracil
Answer: B
Q2) The backbone or sides of a DNA helix consists of
A)nitrogen base pairs.
B)sugar-phosphate chain.
C)adenine-ribose chain.
D)glucose-phosphate chain.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A)Protons and electrons
B)Electrons and neutrons
C)Protons and shells
D)Neutrons and protons
Answer: D
Q4) List the four macromolecules found in cells.
Answer: Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) What differentiates passive transport from active transport?
A)Passive transport moves substances into cells,while active transport moves substances out of cells.
B)Passive transport requires carriers,while active transport does not.
C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy.
D)Passive transport only moves water,while active transport only moves proteins.
Answer: C
Q2) When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,crenation is possible.
A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic
Answer: C
Q3) The anticodon of tRNA matches the codon of mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)?
A)Bone
B)Cartilage
C)Blood
D)All apply.
Q2) Most glands secrete their product by
A)phagocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)endocytosis.
D)exocytosis.
Q3) Where would a mucous membrane be found?
A)Lining internal cavities
B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside
C)Covering internal organs
D)Covering the brain
Q4) Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides flexible strength?
A)reticular
B)collagen
C)keratin
D)elastic
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A)impetigo.
B)psoriasis.
C)acne vulgaris.
D)decubitus ulcer.
Q2) Many age-related changes to the skin appear to be due to sun damage.
A)True B)False
Q3) Reduced blood flow into the dermis will cause A)cyanosis.
B)pallor.
C)blushing.
D)jaundice.
Q4) Merkel's cells detect sensations of A)pain.
B)deep pressure.
C)touch.
D)temperature.
Q5) Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting?
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?
A)Between the ribs and the sternum
B)Between the bodies of the vertebra
C)Between the two pelvic bones
D)Between each tooth and its socket
Q2) Which of the following bones forms most of the roof of the cranium?
A)Parietal
B)Frontal
C)Mandible
D)Temporal
Q3) Arthritis and osteoporosis are common diseases of the skeletal system due to aging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What type of synovial joint movement will move a body part laterally,away from the body?
A)Adduction
B)Extension
C)Dorsiflexion
D)Abduction
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the muscular system aid the skeletal system?
A)Provides attachment for muscles
B)Provides calcium for muscle contraction
C)Protects and moves bones
D)All apply.
Q2) The __________ flexes the forearm.
A)biceps brachii
B)frontalis
C)triceps brachii
D)gluteus maximus
Q3) The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm
A)are antagonistic.
B)are synergistic.
C)depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism.
Q4) Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by
A)forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin.
B)forming a chemical compound with actin.
C)inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments.
D)storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needeD.
Q5) What is meant by oxygen debt?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in outline form: autonomic ns,central ns,parasympathetic ns,peripheral ns,somatic ns,sympathetic ns.
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
A)Inhibits tears
B)Decreases intestinal activity
C)Inhibits urination
D)All apply.
Q3) The process of nerve signal conduction is termed an action potential.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Within the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is produced from A)Schwann cells.
B)neurolemmocytes.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)All apply.
Q5) Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white matter.
Q6) When someone is frightened,they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal.What is the reason for this?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cones are most densely packed in the A)blind spot.
B)vitreous humor.
C)fovea centralis.
D)choroids.
Q2) The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle stretch.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to create an action potential.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called A)refraction.
B)accommodation.
C)convergence.
D)transmutation.
Q5) Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term?
A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger
B)Polyuria - excessive urination
C)Ketonuria - ketones in the urine
D)Glycosuria - glucose in the urine
Q2) Which of the following growth factors is NOT important in wound healing?
A)Tumor angiogenesis factor
B)Epidermal growth factor
C)Nerve growth factor
D)Platelet-derived growth factor
Q3) An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause
A)gigantism.
B)pituitary dwarfism.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes insipidus.
Q4) Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what is meant by negative feedback in reference to hormone regulation.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A blood condition due to the lack of one or more clotting factors is A)hemophiliA.
B)thrombus.
C)thrombocytopenia.
D)embolus.
Q2) The plasma proteins that have the greatest effect on osmotic pressure are A)albumins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)globulins.
D)hormones.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a regulatory function of blood?
A)Regulating body temperature
B)Regulating pH
C)Regulating capillary exchanges
D)Regulating osmotic pressure
Q4) Cross-matching blood is important before a transfusion is given because there are other blood antigens that could cause agglutination.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare plasma,tissue fluid,and serum with regard to composition.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the ventricular systole,the AV valves _______ and the semilunar valves
A)close;open
B)close;close
C)open;close
D)open;open
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a pulse point?
A)superior temporal artery
B)common carotid artery
C)femoral artery
D)subclavian artery
Q3) The aortic semilunar valve prevents blood from flowing backwards into the A)right atrium.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left ventricle.
Q4) What accounts for blood flow in the arteries?
A)blood pressure
B)skeletal muscle contraction
C)blood pressure and skeletal muscle contraction
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of a category C stage of an HIV infection?
A)development of non-life-threatening infections such as thrush and herpes simplex
B)severe weight loss due to diarrhea and coughing
C)development of opportunistic infections
D)helper T count is 200 to 499 mm<sup>3</sup>
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?
A)response to vaccines increases
B)a reduced amount of T cells that do not respond to foreign antigens
C)B cells do not clone
D)thymus gland degenerates
Q3) Lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels of simple squamous epithelium. Lymphatic capillaries are closed-ended vessels of simple squamous epithelium.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Interferon can be used as an immunotherapeutic drug.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Differentiate between nonspecific and specific defense,and give examples of each.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oxygen is carried by the blood
A)dissolved in the plasmA.
B)bound to the iron of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
C)bound to the protein of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
D)Both dissolved in the plasma and bound to the iron of hemoglobin in red blood cells
Q2) A secondary respiratory center is found in the _____ that helps ventilation to become smooth and rhythmic.
A)pons
B)midbrain
C)medulla oblongata
D)cerebellum
Q3) The common name for the larynx is the A)throat.
B)voice box.
C)windpipe.
D)Adam's apple.
Q4) Compare internal respiration,external respiration,and cellular respiration.
Q5) Describe the events in ventilation.
Q6) How does diffusion relate to gas exchange?
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where does protein digestion occur?
A)mouth and stomach
B)stomach and small intestine
C)stomach and pancreas
D)mouth and small intestine
Q2) In peristalsis,
A)the entire tube (i.e.esophagus)contracts at once.
B)short segments alternate contraction and relaxation.
C)food can move forward or backward.
D)contraction can only occur when food is present.
Q3) The presence of food high in amino acids that stretches the stomach will trigger the ______ phase of digestion.
A)gastric
B)cephalic
C)digestive
D)intestinal
Q4) The pharynx is a passageway for food,drink,and air.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the importance of sodium bicarbonate in pancreatic juice.
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure collects both salts and water in equal amounts and moves them back to blood circulation?
A)collecting duct
B)loop of Henle
C)efferent arteriole
D)vasa recta
Q2) Urea
A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.
Q3) The process that moves substances from the blood into the kidney tubules to become part of the urine is
A)glomerular filtration.
B)tubular reabsorption.
C)tubular secretion.
Q4) A urinary tract infection that invades the kidneys is called
A)cystitis
B)pyelonephritis
C)urethritis
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low sperm count could be attributed to A)herbicides and pesticides.
B)chemical exposure.
C)overheating of the testes.
D)All apply.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a gland that secretes seminal fluid?
A)urinary bladder
B)prostate gland
C)bulbourethal glands
D)seminal vesicles
Q3) The process of sperm production is called A)spermatogenesis.
B)spermiogenesis.
C)oogenesis.
D)None apply.
Q4) Which of the following is needed for milk production?
A)prolactin
B)oxytocin
C)colostrum
D)estrogen
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a primary germ layer?
A)ectoderm
B)epiderm
C)mesoderm
D)endoderm
Q2) Darkening of the areolae and other areas of skin in the pregnant woman is due to increased steroid hormone levels.
Darkening of the areolae and other areas of skin in the pregnant woman is due to increased melanocyte activity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During the third and fourth months,
A)lanugo covers the body.
B)ossification of bones begins.
C)still can not determine the sex of the fetus.
D)mother begins to feel movement.
Q4) The digestive,respiratory,and urinary systems of the fetus are nonfuctional.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the embryonic membranes and explain their functions.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sex-linked gene inherited by a male comes from the A)father.
B)mother.
C)father or the mother.
D)father and the mother.
Q2) Most nondisjunction embryos fail to survive.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If one parent has only dominant genes and the other has only recessive genes for a particular dominant genetic disorder,how many of their children should be affected by the disorder?
Q4) In adults,the cell used most often for karyotyping is a A)red blood cell.
B)skin cell.
C)gamete.
D)white blood cell.
Q5) Nondisjunction can only occur with autosomes,not the sex chromosomes. Nondisjunction may occur with any type of chromosome.
A)True
B)False
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