Anatomy and Physiology for Health Sciences
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the structure and function of the human body, with a focus on systems relevant to health science careers. Students will study anatomical terminology, cellular processes, and major body systems including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationships between systems and their roles in maintaining homeostasis. Practical applications include understanding normal physiological processes, recognizing disease states, and relating anatomical knowledge to clinical practices commonly encountered in the health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology 4th Edition by Eldra Pearl Solomon
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24 Chapters
1559 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Introducing the Human Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term caudal is sometimes used instead of the word _______.
A) inferior
B) superior
C) superficial
D) anatomical
Answer: A
Q2) ______ compounds are large, complex compounds containing carbon.
A) Organic
B) Inorganic
C) Complex
D) Organ
Answer: A
Q3) _______ are complex organic compounds composed of chemically linked amino acid subunits.
A) Nucleic acids
B) Inorganic compounds
C) Sugars
D) Proteins
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ fibers are very fine, branched fibers that form a network that supports many tissues and organs.
A) Elastic
B) Collagen
C) Reticular
D) Nervous
Answer: C
Q2) _______ are tiny cells with long whip-like tails called flagella.
A) Sperm
B) Ovum
C) Epithelial
D) Nerve
Answer: A
Q3) A white blood cell ingests bacteria. This is an example of _______.
A) diffusion
B) passive transport
C) phagocytosis
D) cell pumping action
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The skin is important in maintaining _______, the balanced internal environment.
A) homeostasis
B) mitosis
C) homogenous
D) heterogeneous
Answer: A
Q2) D ____________
A)Sweat gland
B)Epidermis
C)Hair follicle
D)Dermis
E)Arrector pili
F)Openings of sweat glands
G)Sebaceous gland
H)Nerve ending
I)Subcutaneous layer
Answer: G
Q3) Why do medical caregivers record information about your skin during an exam?
Answer: Medical caregivers record information about your skin to determine your general health and to diagnose symptoms of disease.
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Chapter 4: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are _______ thoracic vertebrae.
A) 5
B) 7
C) 12
D) 3-5
Q2) E __________
A)Sacral vertebrae
B)Coccygeal vertebrae
C)Cervical vertebrae
D)Thoracic vertebrae
E)Lumbar vertebrae
Q3) AA ___________
A)Ilium
B)Costal cartilages
C)Scapula
D)Sacrum
E)Lumbar vertebrae
F)Sternum
Q4) How is the structure of the foot different from that of the hand? Why?
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Chapter 5: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The attachment of the muscle to the more movable bone is its _______
A) insertion
B) origin
C) antagonist
D) synergist
Q2) The immediate source of energy for muscle contractions comes from _______.
A) lactic acid
B) oxygen
C) glucose
D) ATP
Q3) E ___________
A)Biceps femoris
B)Deltoid
C)Gluteus maximus
D)Trapezius
E)Latissimus dorsi
F)Gastrocnemius
G)Biceps brachii
H)Gluteus medius
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Page 7
Chapter 6: The Central Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ communicate with each other and carry out major regulatory functions.
A) Myelin sheaths
B) Glial cells
C) Cell bodies
D) Axons
Q2) D ___________
A)Medulla
B)Midbrain
C)Hypothalamus
D)Corpus callosum
E)Cerebellum
F)Thalamus
G)Fornix
H)Optic chiasma
I)Pineal body
J)Pituitary
K)Spinal cord
L)Pons
Q3) How might exercise and physical activity improve mood? How might these activities relieve pain?
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Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The optic nerve _______.
A) is the first cranial nerve
B) innervates the olfactory epithelium
C) innervates the eyeball muscles
D) innervates the retina of the eye
Q2) The _______ division works automatically to maintain a steady state within the body.
A) somatic
B) peripheral nervous
C) central nervous
D) autonomic
Q3) There are _______ pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord.
A) 21
B) 31
C) 6
D) 17
Q4) How would messages from the brain be affected if the spinal cord became damaged?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Sensory Receptors
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ helps us judge distances and depth.
A) A receptor potential
B) Binocular vision
C) Sensory adaptation
D) Transduction
Q2) Chemical substances called _______ stimulate chemoreceptors in the nasal cavity.
A) otoliths
B) papillae
C) odorants
D) cristae
Q3) The semicircular canals and the saccule _______.
A) contain otoliths
B) sense linear acceleration
C) contain gravity detectors
D) provide information about turning movements
Q4) The function of the cones is _______.
A) accommodation for near or far vision
B) stimulation of the rods
C) vision in dim light
D) daytime and color vision
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Chapter 9: Endocrine Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) H __________
A)Pancreas
B)Thymus
C)Testis
D)Hypothalamus
E)Pituitary
F)Pineal
G)Ovary
H)Parathyroid glands
I)Adrenal
J)Thyroid
Q2) The _______ gland, shaped somewhat like a shield, lies anterior to the trachea and just below the larynx.
A) parathyroid
B) thalamus
C) pituitary
D) thyroid
Q3) Why is it advantageous for endocrine glands to be ductless, releasing their secretions directly into surrounding interstitial (tissue) fluid or into the blood?
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Chapter 10: The Circulatory System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Red blood cells have specific proteins known as _______ on their surfaces.
A) antigens
B) fibrinogens
C) prothrombins
D) antibodies
Q2) What would be the effect of platelet transfusion between individuals with different ABO blood types?
Q3) When tissue is damaged, a series of reactions takes place resulting in the formation of an enzyme known as _______.
A) clotting factor
B) prothrombin activator
C) platelets
D) agglutinate
Q4) Individuals with type O blood have _______ antigen(s) on their RBCs and _______ antibodies circulating in their blood.
A) O; anti-A
B) A; anti-B
C) A; anti-O and anti-B
D) no; anti-A and anti-B
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Chapter 11: The Circulatory System: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) F ___________
A)Pulmonary semilunar valve
B)Aorta
C)Left atrium
D)Right ventricle
E)Left ventricle
F)Right atrium
Q2) A ___________
A)Apex
B)Right atrium
C)Arch of aorta
D)Inferior vena cava
E)Superior vena cava
F)Left pulmonary veins
G)Auricle of left atrium
H)Pulmonary arteries
I)Right ventricle
Q3) Based on what you have learned about how the sinoatrial (SA) node works, describe how a mechanical pacemaker would function to assist the heart.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Circulation of Blood and Lymph
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hepatic portal vein delivers blood to the _______.
A) intestine
B) inferior vena cava
C) kidney
D) liver
Q2) The _______ is a pinkish-gray lymphatic organ located in the upper thorax. It plays a key role in the body's immune processes.
A) thymus gland
B) thyroid
C) liver
D) spleen
Q3) The two _______ pass through the foramen magnum and join on the ventral surface of the brain stem.
A) carotid arteries
B) basilar arteries
C) jugular veins
D) vertebral arteries
Q4) Why are chest compressions so important for people who suffer cardiac arrest?
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Chapter 13: Immune System: Internal Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies by producing antibodies for them.
A) passive
B) active
C) no
D) maternal
Q2) A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n) _______.
A) antigen
B) antibody
C) pathogen
D) cytokine
Q3) Plasma cells _______.
A) develop into macrophages
B) produce antibodies
C) develop from competent T cells
D) produce antigens
Q4) How do major burns reduce the functional ability of the immune system?
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air enters the _______, the superior part of the pharynx.
A) oropharynx
B) nasopharynx
C) laryngopharynx
D) glottis
Q2) Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung at the _______.
A) hilus
B) bronchial tree
C) glottis
D) diaphragm
Q3) Expired air has more than 100 times more _______ than air inspired from the environment.
A) oxygen
B) surfactant
C) hydrogen
D) carbon dioxide
Q4) Why does the body produce more mucus during infections and allergic reactions?
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) C __________
A)Dentin
B)Enamel
C)Root canal
D)Pulp cavity
Q2) J __________
A)Goblet cells
B)Muscle layer
C)Mucosa
D)Nerve
E)Epithelial cells (lining villus)
F)Submucosa
G)Lacteal (lymph vessel)
H)Capillary network
I)Villi
J)Intestinal glands
Q3) In addition to the damage from obesity, why is it a health problem to substitute unhealthy foods for nutritious foods?
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Fluid Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) When fluid output is greater than fluid intake, _______ occurs.
A) uremia
B) diabetes insipidus
C) dehydration
D) dialysis
Q2) Urine is discharged from the body through the ________.
A) urethra
B) ureters
C) bladder
D) renal pelvis
Q3) During glomerular filtration, _______.
A) blood is filtered out of Bowman's capsule and into the collecting duct
B) plasma leaves the capillaries of the glomerulus and enters Bowman's capsule
C) intracellular fluid is filtered and becomes part of the urine
D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes fluid into the renal tubule
Q4) Healthy urine _______.
A) contains bacteria
B) is sterile
C) is highly concentrated
D) contains glucose
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Chapter 17: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the postovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, _______ stimulate(s) the development of the corpus luteum.
A) progesterone
B) FSH
C) LH
D) estrogens
Q2) M__________
A)Labia majora
B)Bladder
C)Vaginal opening
D)Uterine (fallopian) tube
E)Rectum
F)Cervix of uterus
G)Clitoris
H)Vagina
I)Body of uterus
J)Ovary
K)Urethral opening
L)Labia minora
M)Anus
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Anatomy and Physiology: A Comprehensive Guide to the Human Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The upper portion of the dermis has many small, finger-like extensions called
A) keratin
B) dermal papillae
C) sebaceous glands
D) sweat glands
Q2) If a structure is located toward the surface of the body, it is _______.
A) superficial
B) medial
C) deep
D) lateral
Q3) In a positive feedback system, _______.
A) a change in a condition that varies from the steady state sets off events which intensify the change
B) a stressor inhibits a response
C) a change in a condition that varies from the steady state triggers an opposite response
D) homeostasis is maintained by a variable stressor
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Chapter 19: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cords of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones are called _______.
A) ligaments
B) tendons
C) fibers
D) cross bridges
Q2) E __________
A)Biceps brachii
B)Deltoid
C)Pectoralis major
D)Serratus anterior
E)Sternocleidomastoid
Q3) Taste buds are found mainly _______.
A) in papillae on the tongue
B) in the olfactory epithelium
C) within the utricle
D) along the olfactory nerve
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21
Chapter 20: Anatomy and Physiology: Bones, Muscles, and Joints
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Sample Questions
Q1) A _________
A)Frontal
B)Malar (zygomatic)
C)Mandible
D)Maxilla
E)Parietal
F)Sphenoid
G)Temporal
Q2) Joints are classified into three main groups: the _______, _______, and _______.
A) synarthroses; diarthroses; condyloid
B) synarthroses; condyloid; amphiarthroses
C) diarthroses; amphiarthroses; condyloid
D) amphiarthroses; diarthroses; synarthroses
Q3) _______ are large cells that resorb (break down) bone.
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Lacunae
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Chapter 21: Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ are proprioceptors that detect muscle movement.
A) Muscle spindles
B) Neurohormones
C) Joint receptors
D) Tactile receptors
Q2) The two principal divisions of the nervous system are the _______.
A) central and autonomic nervous systems
B) central and peripheral nervous systems
C) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
D) central and accessory nervous systems
Q3) E _________
A)Cochlea
B)Cochlear nerve
C)Eustachian tube
D)Semicircular canals
E)Tympanic membrane
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Chapter 22: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Immune Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) White blood cells, or _______, are specialized to protect the body against harmful bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease.
A) lymphocytes
B) leukocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) platelets
Q2) Blood that is poor in oxygen returns to the _______.
A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle
Q3) The _______ is the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in 1 minute.
A) stroke volume
B) cardiac cycle
C) cardiac output
D) coronary bypass
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Chapter 23: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thin-walled vessels that allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues are _______.
A) veins
B) venules
C) arterioles
D) capillaries
Q2) _______ carry blood from the ventricles of the heart to each of the organs of the body.
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Venules
D) Capillaries
Q3) The large, double fold of the peritoneum that anchors the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the _______.
A) mesentery
B) greater omentum
C) lesser omentum
D) adventitia
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Chapter
24: Anatomy and Physiology: Respiratory and Digestive Systems, Urinary System, and Reproductive System
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Q1) _______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or intestine and into the circulatory system.
A) Ingestion
B) Digestion
C) Absorption
D) Elimination
Q2) The _______ are the female gonads.
A) uterine tubes
B) ovaries
C) follicles
D) breasts
Q3) The umbilical cord connects the embryo with the _______.
A) mother's vagina
B) placenta
C) amnion
D) mother's umbilicus
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