Anatomy and Physiology for Health Sciences
Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the structure and function of the human body, emphasizing its relevance to the health sciences. Students will examine the major organ systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Through a combination of theoretical learning and practical applications, the course highlights the interrelationships between body systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis. Special attention is given to foundational anatomical terminology, physiological mechanisms, and the clinical significance of normal and abnormal body functions, preparing students for advanced study and professional practice in various health science fields.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following provides the best example of a negative feedback control mechanism?
A)Increased body temperature due to exercise
B)Increased uterine contractions in labor
C)Putting on a sweater because you are cold
D)Shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature
Answer: D
Q2) Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1)cell,2)organelle,3)atom,4)organ,5)tissue.
A)3,2,1,5,4
B)1,2,3,4,5
C)5,4,3,2,1
D)3,1,5,4,2
Answer: A
Q3) Which system are the testes part of?
A)Urinary
B)Cardiovascular
C)Reproductive
D)Nervous
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hydrolysis reaction is an example of which reaction type?
A)Decomposition
B)Synthesis
C)Replacement
D)Neutralization
Answer: A
Q2) What monomer is NOT correctly matched with its macromolecule?
A)carbohydrates - glucose
B)lipids - glycerol and citric acids
C)proteins - amino acids
D)nucleic acids - nucleotides
Answer: B
Q3) Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds,the fat is considered
A)saturated.
B)unsaturated.
C)emulsified.
D)synthesizeD.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The division of the nucleus is A)cytokinesis.
B)mitosis.
C)interphase.
D)telophase.
Answer: B
Q2) The chromosomes shorten and thicken so that they become visible occurs during A)metaphase.
B)telophase.
C)anaphase.
D)prophase.
Answer: D
Q3) Compare mitosis and meiosis with regard to number of cell divisions,effect on chromosome number,and function.
Answer: Mitosis involves one round of cell division and does not alter the chromosome number in the cells.Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and reduces the chromosome number by half.Whereas mitosis functions in growth and tissue repair,meiosis functions in the production of gametes.
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Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epithelial tissue
A)prevents drying.
B)secretes mucus.
C)absorbs molecules.
D)All apply.
Q2) What type of cartilage makes up the frame of the outer ear?
A)Fibrocartilage
B)Hyaline cartilage
C)Elastic cartilage
Q3) What is the purpose of Goblet cells found in columnar and pseudocolumnar epithelium?
A)Secrete mucus
B)Secrete digestive enzymes
C)Secrete water
D)All apply.
Q4) Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer?
Q5) The many layers of stratified squamous epithelium provide protection,such as found in the skin.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Along with sweat glands,what actively regulates body temperature?
A)Adipose tissue
B)Blood vessels
C)Sebaceous glands
D)All apply.
Q2) What is needed to produce vitamin D?
A)Calcium
B)Phosphorus
C)Ultraviolet light
D)Calcium and phosphorus
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the skin?
A)The skin wrinkles.
B)The hair turns gray.
C)The amount of adipose tissue increases.
D)There are fewer sweat glands.
Q4) What type of gland is associated with hair follicles?
A)Sebaceous glands
B)Apocrine sweat glands
C)Eccrine sweat glands
D)Ceruminous glands
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mastoid sinus drains into the middle ear.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following would be classified as an irregular bone?
A)Humerus
B)Coxal bone
C)Carpal
D)Parietal bone
Q3) Which lower leg bone is thicker and medial?
A)tibia
B)humerus
C)fibula
D)femur
Q4) The longest and strongest bone in the body is the A)tibiA.
B)humerus.
C)fibula.
D)femur.
Q5) Give four examples of how the skeleton protects internal organs.
Q6) How would you determine if skeletal remains are female or male?
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which muscle is NOT used to "suck in your gut" to make you look thinner?
A)Rectus abdominis
B)External oblique
C)Transversus abdominis
D)Internal oblique
Q2) A motor unit is
A)a group of muscles working together.
B)a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it supplies.
C)a group of muscle fiber.
D)an artery and the muscle fibers it supplies.
Q3) Skeletal muscle contraction is necessary for upright posture.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?
A)Generate heat
B)Maintain posture
C)Move food through the GI tract
D)Keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics
Q5) If muscle fibers obey the all-or-none law,then how can muscles exhibit various strengths of contraction?
9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is part of a neuron?
A)Axon
B)Cell body
C)Dendrite
D)All apply.
Q2) Restful activities are governed by the
A)parasympathetic nervous system.
B)sympathetic nervous system.
C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Q3) In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse?
A)Dendrite to axon
B)Axon to dendrite
C)Either way
D)Both ways
Q4) Which spinal nerve serves the diaphragm?
A)Radial
B)Ulnar
C)Musculocutaneous
D)Phrenic
Q5) List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Excessive muscle contraction will activate A)muscle spindles.
B)Golgi tendon organs.
C)Merkel disks.
D)Meissner corpuscles.
Q2) The photopigment rhodopsin is found in A)rods. B)cones.
Q3) Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells.
Olfactory receptors are located on cilia projecting from olfactory cells.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the focusing process of the eye.
Q5) Which of the following is (are)true of the rods?
A)See color
B)Function in dim light
C)Located in the fovea centralis
D)All apply.
Q6) Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
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Q7) Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the target organ of thyroxine?
A)Pancreas
B)Ovaries
C)Adrenal glands
D)No specific organs;most body cells
Q2) Declining immune response in the elderly may be a result of thymus gland shrinkage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are problems of the elderly.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter.
B)Graves disease.
C)myxedema.
D)exophthalmic goiter.
Q5) Discuss the role of the pancreas in the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
Q6) Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a genetic blood disease.
A)Sickle-cell disease
B)Hemolytic anemia
C)Pernicious anemia
D)Aplastic anemia
Q2) The hormone that is released by the kidney that promotes the production of red blood cells is
A)insulin.
B)thyroxin.
C)erythropoietin.
D)estrogen.
Q3) The hematocrit is the volume of a blood sample made up of A)plasmA.
B)white blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)red blood cells.
Q4) Platelets are found in the buffy coat that is the top layer in a tube of centrifuged blood.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which pressure is greater on the arteriole side of a capillary?
A)blood pressure
B)osmotic pressure
C)blood pressure and osmotic pressure are the same
Q2) Where is blood pressure the greatest?
A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)all are the same
Q3) A systolic pressure consistently above 140 or a diastolic pressure above 90 is called A)hypertension.
B)fibrillation.
C)hypotension.
D)tachycardia.
Q4) The pulse is created by the alternating expansion and recoil of an arterial wall as the ventricles contract.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is arteriosclerosis and why does it increase the risk of heart attack?
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of human MHC proteins?
A)They are called HLA (human leukocyte antigens).
B)They are self-antigens.
C)They are linked to foreign antigens to activate a B cell.
D)They are found on all of one's body cells.
Q2) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
Q3) What happens after a T cell has been activated for a specific antigen?
A)produces cytokines
B)undergoes clonal expansion
C)produces antibodies
D)Both produces cytokines and undergoes clonal expansion
Q4) Which molecule from a cytotoxic T cell creates holes in plasma membranes of virus-infected or cancer cells?
A)cytokine
B)interleukin
C)perforin
D)interferon
Q5) Cytokines,produced by T lymphocytes,are important in fever production.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emphysema
A)is a viral infection.
B)is a degenerative disease affecting the respiratory membrane.
C)generally lasts only a short period of time.
D)All apply.
Q2) The respiratory membrane thickens with age,reducing the efficiency of gas exchange.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Residual volume is
A)air remaining in the alveoli after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D)air that remains in the passageways but not used for gas exchange
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?
A)provide an area for the olfactory receptors
B)increased surface area for moistening inhaled air
C)create turbulence to help clean the air
D)increase surface area to trap moisture from exhaled air
Q5) Describe the events in ventilation.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ digests ONLY starch.
A)large intestine
B)stomach
C)esophagus
D)small intestine
E)mouth
Q2) Vitamin D aids in the ability to see at night.
Vitamin A aids in the ability to see at night.Vitamin D aids calcium absorption from the intestines,
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which phase of digestion occurs when you think about,see,or taste food?
A)mental phase
B)intestinal phase
C)gastric phase
D)cephalic phase
Q4) Heartburn is due to
A)the heart's temperature rising.
B)swallowing of hot food.
C)contents of the stomach escaping into the esophagus.
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) State the parts of the nephron and describe the steps involved in urine production.
Q2) Which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A)urethra
B)hilum
C)ureters
D)peritoneum
Q3) Protein
A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)does not leave the blood plasma under normal conditions.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.
Q4) Urea
A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.
Q5) The presence of albumin in the urine may indicate glomerular damage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Copulation takes place in the A)uterus.
B)vagina.
C)ovaries.
D)uterine tubes.
Q2) What is the new cell formed from the union of egg and sperm called and how many chromosomes does it have?
A)zygote with 23 chromosomes
B)zygote with 23 pairs of chromosomes
C)egg with 46 chromosomes
D)tetrad with 23 pairs of chromosomes
Q3) What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterus?
A)the endometrium is lost
B)the follicle ruptures
C)the endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular
D)All apply.
Q4) Deposition of fat by estrogens is an example of homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the eighth and ninth months,
A)the testes descend into the scrotum.
B)eyes are open.
C)subcutaneous fat is deposited.
D)skin is wrinkled and reddish.
Q2) During the embryonic period,growth occurs through mitosis and enlargement of the daughter cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) From which primary germ layer does the nervous system and epidermis of the skin develop?
A)ectoderm
B)endoderm
C)mesoderm
D)None apply.
Q4) Usually more than one sperm can successfully enter an ovum. Only one sperm can enter an ovum.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a breech birth and why may it necessitate a cesarean section delivery?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Autosomes are
A)human chromosomes.
B)sex chromosomes.
C)nonsex "self" chromosomes.
D)abnormal chromosomes.
Q2) An individual with XYY has
A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Jacobs syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)poly-X syndrome.
Q3) A genetic disorder can lead to the synthesis of an abnormal protein.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Over 50% of the genome codes for proteins. Less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If one parent has only dominant genes and the other has only recessive genes for a particular dominant genetic disorder,how many of their children should be affected by the disorder?
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