Anatomy and Physiology for Health Sciences
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Sciences provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the human body, with an emphasis on systems relevant to health care and allied health professions. The course explores foundational concepts in cell biology, tissues, and the major organ systems, including skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems. Students will gain an understanding of how these systems work individually and together to maintain homeostasis and health. Practical applications to clinical scenarios and health science fields are integrated to enhance the relevance of anatomical and physiological knowledge to real-world healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1)cell,2)organelle,3)atom,4)organ,5)tissue.
A)3,2,1,5,4
B)1,2,3,4,5
C)5,4,3,2,1
D)3,1,5,4,2
Answer: A
Q2) The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?
A)Hypogastric
B)Left lumbar
C)Right iliac
D)Umbilical
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis?
A)Body temperature regulation
B)Blood pH regulation
C)Blood clot formation
D)Blood cell production
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compounds that form ions when put into water are called A)mixtures.
B)solvents.
C)electrolytes.
D)suspensions.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following types of reactions involves the production of a larger product by combining smaller reactants?
A)Degradation
B)Replacement
C)Synthesis
D)Decomposition
Answer: C
Q3) The differences between one polypeptide and another lies in A)the type of peptide bond they contain.
B)the type of sugar they contain.
C)whether they are saturated or not.
D)the sequence of amino acids.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the
A)fluid mosaic model.
B)lipid mosaic model.
C)protein - lipid mosaic model.
D)cholesterol mosaic model.
Answer: A
Q2) The movement of H<sub>2</sub>O across a plasma membrane
A)is called osmosis.
B)is called diffusion.
C)requires energy.
D)is called osmosis and requires energy.
Answer: A
Q3) The plasma membrane is a solid that holds the contents inside the cell. The plasma membrane is a liquid that holds the contents inside the cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mucus is a protection against A)bacteriA.
B)viruses.
C)digestive juices.
D)All apply.
Q2) Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue cells?
A)Rectangular
B)Squamous
C)Columnar
D)Cuboidal
Q4) Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with A)meninges.
B)synovial membranes.
C)mucous membranes.
D)All apply.
Q5) What type of cartilage makes up the fetal skeleton?
A)Fibrocartilage
B)Hyaline cartilage
C)Elastic cartilage
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn. The ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.
A)True B)False
Q2) Another name for hives is psoriasis. Another name for hives is urticaria.
A)True B)False
Q3) An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A)impetigo.
B)psoriasis.
C)acne vulgaris.
D)decubitus ulcer.
Q4) What is responsible for skin color?
A)Carotene
B)Melanin
C)Hemoglobin
D)All apply.
Q5) Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin.
Page 7
Q6) Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arthritis and osteoporosis are common diseases of the skeletal system due to aging.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a function of the pelvic girdle?
A)Attachment of the upper limbs
B)Bear the body's weight
C)Protect the urinary bladder
D)Protect the internal reproductive organs
Q3) Which of the following are the bone-eating (resorbing)cells?
A)Osteoprogenitor cells
B)Osteocytes
C)Osteoblasts
D)Osteoclasts
Q4) Which of the following is a function of the skeleton?
A)Produces blood cells
B)Provides sites for muscle attachment
C)Protects internal organs
D)All apply.
Q5) How would you determine if skeletal remains are female or male?
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The I band is dark and split by a Z line. The I band is light and split by a Z line.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The subscapularis muscle is
A)under the scapulA.
B)above the scapula.
C)inferior to the scapula.
D)beside the scapula.
Q3) The correct name for Lou Gehrig's disease is A)fibromyalgiA.
B)myasthenia gravis.
C)muscular dystrophy.
D)amyotropic lateral sclerosis.
Q4) The _____ flexes and adducts the arm.
A)serratus anterior
B)deltoid
C)latissimus dorsi
D)pectoralis major
Q5) What is meant by oxygen debt?
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum?
A)Lateral fissure
B)Longitudinal fissure
C)Corpus callosum
D)Central sulcus
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the nervous system?
A)Brain mass decreases
B)Brain cells are lost
C)Mental abilities decrease
D)Neurological diseases increase in occurrence
Q3) Which area of the brain serves as the sensory relay station for all sensory input except smell?
A)Hypothalamus
B)Pineal gland
C)Thalamus
D)Basal nuclei
Q4) On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur?
A)Nonmyelinated neurons only
B)Myelinated neurons only
C)Both nonmyelinated and myelinated neurons
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina. Rods and cones are not evenly distributed in the retina.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The inferior rectus muscle
A)rolls the eye downward.
B)rotates the eye clockwise.
C)turns the eye inward,toward the midline.
D)rolls the eye upwarD.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A)Oculomotor
B)Abducens
C)Trigeminal
D)Trochlear
Q4) Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?
A)Lateral rectus muscle
B)Medial rectus muscle
C)Superior oblique muscle
D)Inferior rectus muscle
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an example of antagonistic hormones?
A)Aldosterone,atrial natriuretic hormone
B)Calcitonin,parathyroid hormone
C)Androgens,estrogens
D)Insulin,glucagon
Q2) The _______ produces erythropoietin that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
A)liver
B)adrenal gland
C)kidney
D)pancreas
Q3) The main stimulus for the release of aldosterone comes from the A)adrenal medullA.
B)anterior pituitary.
C)kidneys.
D)lungs.
Q4) NIDDM tends to occur in active juveniles.
NIDDM tends to occur in people of any age that are obese.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When could an Rh-negative person get antibodies to the Rh antigen?
A)at birth
B)when exposed to Rh antigen
C)an Rh-negative person will never get antibodies
Q2) White blood cells defend the body against pathogens. A)True
B)False
Q3) A low platelet count is called A)hemophiliA.
B)thrombus.
C)thrombocytopenia.
D)thromboembolism.
Q4) The main component of a red blood cell is A)globulin.
B)fibrinogen.
C)albumin.
D)hemoglobin.
Q5) Oxyhemoglobin gives blood a dark maroon color. A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging with the heart?
A)heart increases in size
B)valves thicken and become more rigid
C)resting heart rate increases
D)contraction strength decreases
Q2) Which chambers contract simultaneously?
A)two atria
B)right atrium and right ventricle
C)all chambers contract simultaneously
D)all chambers contract separately
Q3) How is excess tissue fluid returned to the blood stream?
A)diffuses back into the capillaries
B)picked up by lymphatic vessels and then returned to the blood stream
C)the excess fluid is not returned to the blood stream
D)osmotic pressure returns the excess to the blood stream
Q4) At any given time,more than half the total blood volume is found in A)capillaries.
B)arteries and arterioles.
C)venules and veins.
D)arterioles and venules.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of antibody is involved in causing immediate allergic reactions?
A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgG
D)IgE
Q2) Portions of bacteria,viruses,molds,parasites,and cancer cells that cause specific responses from the immune system are called
A)antibodies.
B)macrophages.
C)antigens.
D)interferons.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of a category A stage of an HIV infection?
A)Helper T count is 500 per mm<sup>3</sup> or greater.
B)An infected person is very contagious.
C)Most infected people have no symptoms.
D)HIV blood test is positive.
Q4) The spleen actively filters debris from lymph.
The spleen actively filters debris from blood.
A)True
B)False
15
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extra air inhaled by taking a big,deep breath is the inspiratory capacity. The extra air inhaled by taking a big,deep breath is the inspiratory reserve volume.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regulation of pH is accomplished by changing blood oxygen levels.
Regulation of pH is accomplished by changing carbon dioxide levels.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The common name for the larynx is the A)throat.
B)voice box.
C)windpipe.
D)Adam's apple.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an aging effect on the respiratory system?
A)gas exchange is less efficient
B)respiratory diseases are more prevalent
C)vital capacity increases
D)mucociliary escalator is less efficient
Q5) Compare internal respiration,external respiration,and cellular respiration.
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacteria in the large intestine
A)break down some undigested food.
B)produce vitamins.
C)produce gas.
D)All apply.
Q2) The pharynx is a passageway for food,drink,and air.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ is an overabundance of bile pigments in the blood.
A)Cirrhosis
B)Hepatitis
C)Jaundice
Q4) What chemical is needed for the hydrolysis of food?
A)hydrochloric acid
B)bicarbonate ion
C)water
D)carbon dioxide
Q5) The gastrointestinal tract is part of the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salt
A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.
Q2) How much water is filtered by the kidneys per day?
A)1.8 liter
B)100 liters
C)180 liters
D)500 liters
Q3) A blood pH lower than 7.4 is called A)normal.
B)acidosis.
C)alkalosis.
D)buffering.
Q4) Kidney failure may be treated by A)machine hemodialysis.
B)continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
C)kidney transplant.
D)All apply.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of forming an ovum is called A)mitosis.
B)oogenesis.
C)meiosis.
D)both oogenesis and meiosis.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT part of the male sexual response?
A)erection
B)ejaculation
C)refractory period
D)urination
Q3) LH and FSH are A)sex hormones.
B)gonadotropic hormones.
C)only in females.
D)All apply.
Q4) What structure is removed from the penis during circumcision?
A)root
B)prepuce
C)glans penis
D)corpora cavernosa
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) During stage one of parturition,
A)the placenta is delivered.
B)the birth occurs.
C)the cervix dilates.
Q2) If the neural tube does not close inferiorly,______ may result.
A)anencephaly
B)conjoined twins
C)spina bifida
D)Down syndrome
Q3) The outer ring of cells of the blastocyst makes up the ______ which will become the chorion.
A)inner cell mass
B)embryonic disk
C)trophoblast
D)amnion
Q4) When is the scrotum formed in the male?
A)6 weeks
B)9 weeks
C)14 weeks
D)20 weeks
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) If one parent has only dominant genes and the other has only recessive genes for a particular dominant genetic disorder,how many of their children should be affected by the disorder?
Q2) In adults,the cell used most often for karyotyping is a
A)red blood cell.
B)skin cell.
C)gamete.
D)white blood cell.
Q3) An individual with one Y and two or more X chromosomes has
A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Jacobs syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)poly-X syndrome.
Q4) Can a female have an X-linked disorder?
A)never
B)yes,frequently occurs
C)yes,infrequently occurs
D)yes,always occurs
Q5) Color blindness is considered a sex-linked recessive disorder.Explain what this means.
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